{"id":23787,"date":"2026-06-15T13:36:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=23787"},"modified":"2026-06-29T11:38:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:38:10","slug":"vse-co-potrebujete-vedet-o-hlubokomorske-tezbe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/23787\/vse-co-potrebujete-vedet-o-hlubokomorske-tezbe\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161e co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba je nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f a nerostn\u00fdch surovin z mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuje \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch rizik pro lidi i biologickou rozmanitost, zp\u016fsobila by tak\u00e9 nenapraviteln\u00e9 \u0161kody na oce\u00e1nech a ohrozila by jejich schopnost p\u0159isp\u00edvat k boji proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. V tomhle \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZachra\u0148me oce\u00e1ny!\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Budoucnost oce\u00e1n\u016f se rozhoduje te\u010f. Pomozte chr\u00e1nit mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot a podpo\u0159te vznik chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 daj\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016fm \u0161anci na obnovu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n

Co je hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i je \u010dinnost spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f a nerost\u016f z mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna. Tis\u00edce metr\u016f pod hladinou se na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu milion\u016f let nahromadila lo\u017eiska kov\u016f a nerost\u016f, jako je mangan, nikl a kobalt, do podoby uzl\u00edk\u016f o velikosti bramboru.<\/p>\n\n

K t\u011b\u017eb\u011b t\u011bchto kov\u016f by se m\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edvat gigantick\u00e9 stroje v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e modr\u00e1 velryba, kter\u00e9 by z hlubok\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna nab\u00edraly jejich lo\u017eiska. T\u011b\u017een\u00fd materi\u00e1l by pak \u010derpaly do lodi potrub\u00edm dlouh\u00fdm a\u017e n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f. P\u00edsek, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda a dal\u0161\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad by se pot\u00e9 \u010derpali zp\u011bt do vody.<\/p>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i je zcela nov\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed. Krom\u011b n\u011bkolika mal\u00fdch test\u016f se dosud neuskute\u010dnila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 komer\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba. Zainteresovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na zah\u00e1jen\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9 produkce.<\/p>\n\n

\"A
A pManganov\u00fd konkrement (A manganese nodule). Polymetalick\u00e9 konkrementy, kter\u00e9 se vytvo\u0159ily na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b, obsahuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 kovy. Jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch lo\u017eisek manganov\u00fdch konkrement\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Clarion-Clippertonov\u011b z\u00f3n\u011b v hlubin\u00e1ch Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu v hloubce 4 000 a\u017e 6 000 metr\u016f pod hladinou mo\u0159e.
\u00a9 Wolfram Kastl \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 hrozby p\u0159edstavuje hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako t\u011b\u017eba na sou\u0161i je i t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i nesm\u00edrn\u011b destruktivn\u00ed. T\u011b\u017eba na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b je v\u0161ak z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f riskantn\u00ed. O hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i v\u00edme m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e o povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce, \u010di dokonce i Marsu. Je proto obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt v\u0161echny dopady t\u011b\u017eby v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou velmi \u0161kodliv\u00e9, a to jak v samotn\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblastech, tak i mimo n\u011b. <\/p>\n\n

Oce\u00e1ny u\u017e te\u010f \u010del\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu tlaku ne\u017e kdykoli v historii lidstva a jsou ohro\u017eeny nadm\u011brn\u00fdm rybolovem a tak\u00e9 klimatickou kriz\u00ed. Na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny pohlcuj\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed uhl\u00edk a poskytuj\u00ed ob\u017eivu v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159em miliard\u00e1m lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ohro\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f<\/h3>\n\n

Vzniku uzl\u00edk\u016f (konkrement\u016f) obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch lo\u017eiska kov\u016f trvalo miliony let a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kamen\u016f \u017eivota v hlubin\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu. Jakmile jednou zmiz\u00ed, nelze je nahradit; stejn\u011b tak jako ekosyst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 kolem nich vzkv\u00e9taj\u00ed. To by zp\u016fsobilo naru\u0161en\u00ed cel\u00e9ho potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce, na n\u011bm\u017e jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 komunity v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed \u2013 a my v\u0161ichni.<\/p>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba t\u011bchto lo\u017eisek by zni\u010dila biologickou rozmanitost a biotopy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u017eivot na Zemi, kter\u00e9 dosud nejsou pln\u011b pochopeny. Hlubok\u00fd oce\u00e1n je obrovskou z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti, od sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch \u017eralok\u016f po panc\u00e9\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0161neky, a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok jsou objevov\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 druhy.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Ob\u0159\u00ed chobotnice tichomo\u0159sk\u00e1 odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 mezi sasankami a mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi houbami v hloubce 1132 stop b\u011bhem podmo\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu ka\u0148onu Pribilof v Beringov\u011b mo\u0159i, pobl\u00ed\u017e podp\u016frn\u00e9 lodi Greenpeace M\/V Esperanza. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sn\u00edmek z HD z\u00e1znamu.
\u00a9 Greenpeace \/ John Hocevar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n
\"\"
Relicanthus sp.<\/strong> \u2013 nov\u00fd druh pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do nov\u011b popsan\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du \u017eahavc\u016f (Cnidaria<\/em>), objeven\u00fd v hloubce 4 100 metr\u016f v z\u00f3n\u011b zlomu Clarion-Clipperton (CCZ)<\/strong>. Tento organismus \u017eije na stonc\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ichycen\u00e9 k polymetalick\u00fdm konkrec\u00edm na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Dopad na klima<\/h3>\n\n

Hlubok\u00fd oce\u00e1n hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v boji proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. Absorbuje a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho vyprodukovan\u00e9ho lidstvem. Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, od ryb p\u0159es velryby a\u017e po mikroby, hraj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a transportu uhl\u00edku z povrchu na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno. A samotn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno je tak\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkem uhl\u00edku v sedimentech a p\u016fd\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 75 % z n\u011bj je ulo\u017eeno v sedimentech hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Bez t\u011bchto uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch propad\u016f a tok\u016f v hlubok\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu by klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna ji\u017e d\u00e1vno u\u010dinila na\u0161i planetu neobyvatelnou. Mnoh\u00e9 souvislosti mezi hlubok\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem a klimatem v\u0161ak dosud nejsou zn\u00e1my ani kvantifikov\u00e1ny, a proto je z\u00e1sadn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit oblasti, jako je hlubok\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kde je uhl\u00edk ulo\u017een, a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oce\u00e1n, abychom se vyhnuli n\u011bkter\u00fdm z nejhor\u0161\u00edch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 krize.<\/p>\n\n

Podmo\u0159sk\u00fd hluk<\/h3>\n\n

Hluk zp\u016fsoben\u00fd t\u011b\u017ebou v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i se bude \u0161\u00ed\u0159it na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a bude m\u00edt velmi ru\u0161iv\u00fd vliv na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 savce, pro kter\u00e9 je zvuk hlavn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem podvodn\u00ed komunikace a orientace.<\/p>\n\n

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hlukem, sv\u011btlem a mo\u0159sk\u00fdm dopadem<\/h3>\n\n

Spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebou dosud neprok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jsou schopny tuto \u010dinnost prov\u00e1d\u011bt bez po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Na dn\u011b hlubok\u00e9ho mo\u0159e maj\u00ed pracovat obrovsk\u00e9 stroje. Jejich testy ji\u017e nyn\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu oblaky zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Tato oblaka se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it na vzd\u00e1lenost mnoha a mnoha kilometr\u016f \u2013 a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b tak ohrozit ve\u0161ker\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n

\"Sediment
Na povrchu je vid\u011bt sediment poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze sb\u011bra\u010de uzlin, kter\u00fd byl vyzvednut z Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu.
\u00a9 Marten van Dijl \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Koho by t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i ohrozila?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu za to zaplat\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed komunity, zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 pro\u0161ly odborn\u00fdm recenzn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. To znamen\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 dopady na zem\u011b a komunity, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i by mohla po\u0161kodit ryb\u00ed populace, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed potravu a ob\u017eivu mnoha domorod\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed. Tyto komunity maj\u00ed k mo\u0159i hlubok\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a duchovn\u00ed vazby.<\/p>\n\n

Odpor proti t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odpor proti odv\u011btv\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i st\u00e1le roste. Podniky, v\u010detn\u011b automobilek, spole\u010dnost\u00ed Google, Samsung a Ecotricity, se zav\u00e1zaly, \u017ee nebudou pou\u017e\u00edvat miner\u00e1ly t\u011b\u017een\u00e9 z oce\u00e1n\u016f. Mnoho vl\u00e1d nyn\u00ed vol\u00e1 po trval\u00e9m nebo do\u010dasn\u00e9m z\u00e1kazu, v\u010detn\u011b Francie, \u0160pan\u011blska, N\u011bmecka a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vol\u00e1 po do\u010dasn\u00e9m z\u00e1kazu. Proti tomuto pr\u016fmyslu se postavili tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. P\u0159es 700 v\u011bdc\u016f ze 44 zem\u00ed podepsalo otev\u0159enou v\u00fdzvu k pozastaven\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n

St\u00e1le se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed seznam zem\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b N\u011bmecka, Francie, \u0160pan\u011blska, Chile, Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu a n\u011bkolika tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i p\u0159edstavuje riziko pro mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot. Navrhuj\u00ed pozastaven\u00ed nebo z\u00e1kaz vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se zat\u00edm k t\u011bmto vl\u00e1d\u00e1m nep\u0159ipojila. <\/p>\n\n

Kdo se na tom pod\u00edl\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tajemn\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i \u0159\u00edd\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti se s\u00eddlem na severn\u00ed polokouli, a to ve spolupr\u00e1ci s vl\u00e1dami. T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad The Metals Company, tla\u010d\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby jim pomohly otev\u0159\u00edt novou oblast pro t\u011b\u017ebu v oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

St\u00e1ty mohou podporovat \u017e\u00e1dosti spole\u010dnost\u00ed o smlouvy na pr\u016fzkum a t\u011b\u017ebu pod\u00e1van\u00e9 u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA).<\/p>\n\n

ISA byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1994 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00damluvy OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu a jej\u00ed s\u00eddlo se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Kingstonu na Jamajce. Stanovuje pravidla pro t\u011b\u017ebu v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i, proto\u017ee mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mimo jurisdikce jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ISA tak\u00e9 tla\u010d\u00ed na to, aby spole\u010dnostem bylo povoleno zah\u00e1jit t\u011b\u017ebu v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i. A to navzdory mand\u00e1tu ISA chr\u00e1nit sv\u011btov\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny a povolit zah\u00e1jen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee to bude prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro lidstvo.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010cesko nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k mo\u0159i, m\u016f\u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a dohod v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit budoucnost sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f. <\/strong>\u010cesko je zastoupen\u00e9 v ISA jako \u010dlen shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a do roku 2024 m\u011blo zastoupen\u00ed i v Rad\u011b ISA. \u010cesko je tak\u00e9 \u010dlenem\u00a0The Interoceanmetal Joint Organization\u00a0(IOM), co\u017e je organizace, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 od dob studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky od Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA) povolen\u00ed k pr\u016fzkumu hlubok\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se zat\u00edm \u0159\u00edd\u00ed z\u00e1sadou p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti, av\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci IOM si\u00a0zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ambice v oblasti t\u011b\u017eby<\/a> do budoucna.<\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d cht\u011bj\u00ed spole\u010dnosti t\u011b\u017eit na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Spole\u010dnosti cht\u011bj\u00ed z mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna z\u00edsk\u00e1vat kovy, aby je prod\u00e1valy pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm, kter\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed manganu, kobaltu, niklu a m\u011bdi, a to z jednoho prost\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu: aby dos\u00e1hly zisku. Pro n\u011b je mo\u0159e jen dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kterou lze za \u00fa\u010delem zisku vyko\u0159is\u0165ovat.<\/p>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017eit na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b kovy nezbytn\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed pro energetickou transformaci sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv. T\u011b\u017eba v jednom z posledn\u00edch nedot\u010den\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f na Zemi v\u0161ak nikdy nebude \u201eudr\u017eiteln\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Kovy vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9 z hlubin mo\u0159e by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity v jak\u00e9mkoli pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed. Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nap\u0159\u00edklad nyn\u00ed rozhodla, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b pom\u016f\u017ee zajistit kovy pro v\u00fdrobu zbran\u00ed. Ni\u010den\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota kv\u016fli materi\u00e1l\u016fm pro veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky je nov\u00fdm dnem.<\/p>\n\n

Alternativy k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i pro energetickou transformaci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebou se sna\u017e\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee tato t\u011b\u017eba bude nezbytn\u00e1 k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a pro baterie elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e9 nejistoty ohledn\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou nakonec pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u2013 zejm\u00e9na pokud minimalizujeme popt\u00e1vku a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edme recyklaci a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f v bateri\u00edch. Spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebou to necht\u011bj\u00ed, proto\u017ee by to pro n\u011b znamenalo ztr\u00e1tu ziskovosti \u2013 proto p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po sv\u00fdch produktech.<\/p>\n\n

Zde jsou t\u0159i d\u016fvody, pro\u010d t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i nen\u00ed pro p\u0159echod na elektromobilitu nezbytn\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. M\u011bsta st\u00e1le v\u00edce pozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdhody men\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e elektrick\u00fdch \u010di nikoli. Dostupn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 doprava, ch\u016fze, j\u00edzda na kole a v\u00edce sd\u00edlen\u00fdch cest \u010din\u00ed m\u011bsta dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, \u010dist\u0161\u00edmi, bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. To sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po kovech pro baterie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Automobilky nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily bez kobaltu a niklu \u2013 dvou kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 se navrhuje t\u011b\u017eit v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Mohly by tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt men\u0161\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed automobily s men\u0161\u00edmi bateriemi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a recyklace materi\u00e1l\u016f z bateri\u00ed (jak to EU vy\u017eaduje v nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b) znamen\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebu nov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak spravedliv\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edt od fosiln\u00edch paliv, je sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1roky na na\u0161i vy\u010derpanou planetu \u2013 ne vrt\u00e1n\u00edm a kop\u00e1n\u00edm na n\u011bkter\u00fdch z posledn\u00edch nedot\u010den\u00fdch m\u00edst na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n

    Kde k pr\u016fzkumu k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

    A\u010dkoli ji\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zat\u00edm komer\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i nepovoluje. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA) ud\u011blil 31 smluv na pr\u016fzkum. Ty pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed plochu p\u0159es 1,5 milionu km\u00b2 \u2013 co\u017e je rozloha \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e N\u011bmecko.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto smluv se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pr\u016fzkumu lo\u017eisek v Clarion-Clippertonov\u011b z\u00f3n\u011b (CCZ), oblasti v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu p\u0159es rovn\u00edk, mezi Havaj\u00ed a Mexikem. Tato oblast je bohat\u00e1 na lo\u017eiska miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e1 obsahuj\u00ed m\u011b\u010f, nikl, mangan a dal\u0161\u00ed kovy. Le\u017e\u00ed na hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b v obrovsk\u00fdch pol\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n

    Jak\u00e1 jsou pravidla pro hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebu?<\/h3>\n\n

    V \u010dervenci 2021 ozn\u00e1mila vl\u00e1da Nauru z\u00e1m\u011br zah\u00e1jit t\u011b\u017ebu v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i ve spolupr\u00e1ci s kanadskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Toto ozn\u00e1men\u00ed spustilo v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu nezn\u00e1mou \u201edvouletou lh\u016ftu\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee do \u010dervence 2023 m\u016f\u017ee t\u011b\u017eba za\u010d\u00edt, a\u0165 u\u017e budou platit jak\u00e1koli pravidla \u2013 nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

    Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA) se se\u0161el na Jamajce, aby se pokusil dohodnout na zn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel. Rostouc\u00ed odpor proti t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i, ke kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159ipojili i p\u0159\u00edznivci Greenpeace, v\u0161ak znamenal, \u017ee se na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch pravidlech nedohodli. Odpor byl dokonce tak siln\u00fd, \u017ee se ISA dokonce dohodla, \u017ee na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed bude diskutovat o moratoriu!<\/p>\n\n

    To ukazuje s\u00edlu na\u0161eho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho hlasu. Zased\u00e1n\u00ed ISA m\u011blo b\u00fdt pouhou formalitou. Ale d\u00edky v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed se ozvali, nyn\u00ed mluv\u00edme o tom, \u017ee se bude muset \u0161l\u00e1pnout na brzdu, mo\u017en\u00e1 nav\u017edy.<\/p>\n\n

    Mus\u00edme zastavit t\u011b\u017ebu v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Toto je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd okam\u017eik. Mus\u00edme zabr\u00e1nit firm\u00e1m hon\u00edc\u00edm se za ziskem, aby ni\u010dily oce\u00e1ny. St\u00e1le existuje mo\u017enost, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dost o t\u011b\u017ebu v oce\u00e1nu bude schv\u00e1lena, i kdy\u017e by to bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Z\u00e1kaz t\u011b\u017eby se zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo zajistit, ale diskuze o moratoriu jsou st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e9 a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se ho poda\u0159ilo urychlen\u011b prosadit minim\u00e1ln\u011b do doby, kdy budou v\u011bdecky prozkouman\u00e9 dopady t\u011b\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n

    P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee bychom se mohli vr\u00e1tit v \u010dase a zastavit nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby ropy. Zastaven\u00ed pr\u016fmyslu d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se sta\u010d\u00ed rozb\u011bhnout, zabr\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm ekologick\u00fdm a klimatick\u00fdm katastrof\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

    <\/h2>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZachra\u0148me oce\u00e1ny!\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Budoucnost oce\u00e1n\u016f se rozhoduje te\u010f. Pomozte chr\u00e1nit mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot a podpo\u0159te vznik chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 daj\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016fm \u0161anci na obnovu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba je nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f a nerostn\u00fdch surovin z mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuje \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch rizik pro lidi i biologickou rozmanitost, zp\u016fsobila…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":23792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-23787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-oceany","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23787"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24010,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23787\/revisions\/24010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23787"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=23787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}