{"id":2389,"date":"2019-09-10T07:04:39","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T05:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=2389"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:32:19","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:32:19","slug":"vzdycky-bylo-teplo-a-vzdycky-tal-led-vyvracime-myty-ktere-koluji-o-klimatu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/2389\/vzdycky-bylo-teplo-a-vzdycky-tal-led-vyvracime-myty-ktere-koluji-o-klimatu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u017edycky bylo teplo a v\u017edycky t\u00e1l led? Vyvrac\u00edme m\u00fdty, kter\u00e9 koluj\u00ed o klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u0161echna tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny neexistuj\u00ed \u010di \u017ee je nezp\u016fsobuje \u010dlovek, ji\u017e byla mnohokr\u00e1t vyvr\u00e1cena. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s v\u011bdcem Janem Hollanem z \u00dastavu v\u00fdzkumu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny jsme p\u0159ipravili p\u0159ehled nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed klimatu a klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\"Hurricane
Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny zesiluj\u00ed s\u00edlu hurik\u00e1n\u016f.
\u00a9 NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u201eCo n\u00e1m historick\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed?\u201c
<\/strong>P\u0159irozen\u00e9 zm\u011bny v minulosti dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zemsk\u00e9 klima je v\u016f\u010di nerovnov\u00e1ze v toc\u00edch energie citliv\u00e9. Pokud planeta absorbuje energii, teploty se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd energetickou nerovnov\u00e1hu t\u00edm, \u017ee posiluje sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt. Historick\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy vlastn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy pro to, \u017ee klima na zm\u011bny v hladin\u011b oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho siln\u011b reaguje.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eSlune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita a klima: Je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno Sluncem?\u201c<\/strong>
B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 35 let glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed vykazuje slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita trend m\u00edrn\u00e9ho ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima a p\u016fsoben\u00ed Slunce jdou po opa\u010dn\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eMohou se \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 a rostliny p\u0159izp\u016fsobit glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed?\u201c<\/strong>
Velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f hromadn\u00e9ho vyhynut\u00ed v minulosti je pevn\u011b spjato s glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi zm\u011bnami klimatu. Proto\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 zm\u011bna klimatu je tak prudk\u00e1, typick\u00fd zp\u016fsob adaptace druhu (nap\u0159. migrace) ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jednodu\u0161e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bna je prost\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 a nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eJak citliv\u00e9 je na\u0161e klima?\u201c
<\/strong>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u201eskeptici\u201c pop\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee citlivost zemsk\u00e9ho klimatu je tak n\u00edzk\u00e1, \u017ee zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho CO 2 bude m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek zm\u011bnu povrchov\u00e9 teploty jen v \u0159\u00e1du 1 \u00b0C nebo m\u00e9n\u011b, a \u017ee tedy glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed nic, \u010deho bychom se museli b\u00e1t. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tak n\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnoty jsou v rozporu s mnoha studiemi zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le metod, v\u010detn\u011b paleoklimatick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, sou\u010dasn\u00fdch empirick\u00fdch dat a v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eM\u00ed\u0159\u00edme do nov\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9?\u201c<\/strong>
Starejme se o dopady glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 100 letech, ne o dobu ledovou n\u011bkdy za v\u00edc ne\u017e 10 000 let.<\/p>\n\n

\u201e500 v\u011bdc\u016f vyvrac\u00ed konsenzus.\u201c
<\/strong>Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum studi\u00ed, \u00fadajn\u011b vyvracej\u00edc\u00edch lidskou vinu na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, ukazuje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich nic takov\u00e9ho ned\u011bl\u00e1. Hrstka prac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee antropogenn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplen\u00ed vyvr\u00e1tily, jen opakuje ji\u017e dob\u0159e odhalen\u00e9 m\u00fdty.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eLedovce rostou a neustupuj\u00ed\u201c (speci\u00e1ln\u011b za\u0159azeno pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e Reflexu)<\/strong>
I kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdskyty rostouc\u00edch ledovc\u016f, naprosto p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00fd trend je \u00fastup ledovc\u016f. Ve skute\u010dnosti se glob\u00e1ln\u011b rychlost t\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje od poloviny sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eT\u00e1n\u00ed ledu je p\u0159irozen\u00fd cyklus.\u201c<\/strong>
Arktick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd led ub\u00fdval b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti let. Tempo \u00fabytku roste a opravdu p\u0159esahuje v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, jak vyplynuly z model\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eJe v\u011bda jednotn\u00e1?\u201c
<\/strong>V\u011bda nen\u00ed nikdy stoprocentn\u011b jednotn\u00e1 \u2013 \u00fakol v\u011bdy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nejistot. M\u00edra pochopen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 problematiky se obor od oboru li\u0161\u00ed. Nem\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad takovou znalost \u00fa\u010dinku aerosol\u016f, zat\u00edmco o oteplovac\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00e1me jasnou p\u0159edstavu. To, \u017ee \u00fapln\u011b nerozum\u00edme n\u011bkter\u00fdm jev\u016fm zm\u011bny klimatu, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nep\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed aspekty dob\u0159e prozkouman\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eProdukuj\u00ed sopky v\u00edce CO2 ne\u017e lid\u00e9?\u201c<\/strong>
Vulk\u00e1ny produkuj\u00ed kolem 0,3 miliardy tun CO 2 ro\u010dn\u011b. To je kolem 1 % lidsk\u00fdch emis\u00ed CO 2, kter\u00e9 dosud stoupaj\u00ed, v roce 2018 dos\u00e1hly 40 miliard tun za rok.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eJe to st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f.\u201c<\/strong>
Vnit\u0159n\u00ed prom\u011bnlivost klimatu vede jen k do\u010dasn\u00e9mu zpomalen\u00ed nebo zrychlen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud tuto intern\u00ed prom\u011bnlivost ze z\u00e1znamu teplot odfiltrujeme, objev\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 trval\u00e9, zrychluj\u00edc\u00ed se oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eLidsk\u00fd vliv nen\u00ed tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, aby ovlivnil sv\u011btov\u00e9 klima.\u201c<\/strong>
Mno\u017estv\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho CO2 roste o dvacet gigatun ro\u010dn\u011b. Lid\u00e9 vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b do atmosf\u00e9ry na \u010dty\u0159icet gigatun. Dramaticky tak m\u011bn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed na\u0161eho klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eB\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce nedo\u0161lo k oteplen\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong>
Sv\u011btov\u00e9 emise CO 2 uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce byly jen zlomkem toho, co vypou\u0161t\u00edme nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

A zn\u00e1te nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdty o fotovoltaice?<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n
\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n

EDIT 10. 9.: dopln\u011bno video, \u017eivotopis pana doktora a odkaz na m\u00fdty o fotovoltaice.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

EDIT 22. 4. 2020: dopln\u011bno video s p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou doktora Radima Tolasze<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u0161echna tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny neexistuj\u00ed \u010di \u017ee je nezp\u016fsobuje \u010dlovek, ji\u017e byla mnohokr\u00e1t vyvr\u00e1cena. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s v\u011bdcem Janem Hollanem z \u00dastavu v\u00fdzkumu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny jsme p\u0159ipravili p\u0159ehled nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":2391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-2389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2389"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15675,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389\/revisions\/15675"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2389"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=2389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}