{"id":2479,"date":"2019-01-24T12:14:24","date_gmt":"2019-01-24T10:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=2479"},"modified":"2019-11-06T10:37:57","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:37:57","slug":"ceska-republika-musi-snizovat-znecistovani-prachem-sedmkrat-rychleji-nez-dosud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/2479\/ceska-republika-musi-snizovat-znecistovani-prachem-sedmkrat-rychleji-nez-dosud\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00e1 republika mus\u00ed sni\u017eovat zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachem sedmkr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e dosud"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na\u0161e zem\u011b mus\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159idat ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho jemn\u00e9ho pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu (PM2,5 – \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 tis\u00edcin milimetru), pokud chce dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle pro \u010dist\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed do roku 2030. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z anal\u00fdzy n\u00e1vrhu N\u00e1rodn\u00edho programu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed \u010cR, kter\u00fd p\u0159edlo\u017eilo Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed k ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e1n\u00ed [1].\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed u n\u00e1s ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zabije p\u0159es deset tis\u00edc lid\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuje ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody 150 miliard korun ro\u010dn\u011b [2]. Limity pro koncentraci jemn\u00e9ho prachu doporu\u010den\u00e9 Sv\u011btovou zdravotnickou organizac\u00ed u n\u00e1s spl\u0148uj\u00ed jen nejhlub\u0161\u00ed lesy [3].<\/p>\n

\"\"

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny.<\/p><\/div>\n

P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e1 anal\u00fdza – kterou zpracovali odborn\u00edci z \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu – tak\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed prachu na pot\u0159ebnou \u00farove\u0148 je provediteln\u00e9 [4]. Podle nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se ochranou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed to v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se rozhodn\u011b neobejdeme bez v\u00fdm\u011bny star\u00fdch (zejm\u00e9na uheln\u00fdch) kotl\u016f a kamen, \u00fatlumu uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nafty a benz\u00ednu v doprav\u011b. Tyto zm\u011bny jsou nav\u00edc nutn\u00e9 kv\u016fli sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a \u010desk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu sna\u017een\u00ed o zastaven\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu na relativn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Od roku 2007 do roku 2016 se poda\u0159ilo v \u010cR sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed prachu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o t\u0159i tis\u00edce tun. Tempo v\u0161ak bylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomal\u00e9 (a u dom\u00e1c\u00edch kotl\u016f dokonce emise vzrostly), a proto n\u00e1m nyn\u00ed zb\u00fdv\u00e1 za dal\u0161\u00edch jeden\u00e1ct let sn\u00ed\u017eit o 22 tis\u00edc tun, abychom\u00a0 dos\u00e1hli c\u00edle pro rok 2030 a dostate\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1nili zdrav\u00ed [4]. Tak\u00e9 oxidy dus\u00edku a oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd je nutn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit (o 40 % oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed), mimo jin\u00e9 proto, \u017ee z t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek vznik\u00e1 prach druhotn\u011b a\u017e v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed prach [6]. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje imisn\u00ed limity pro nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, a proto je pod zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm dohledem Evropsk\u00e9 komise. Ta proti n\u00ed vede \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro nespln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti, tzv. infringement [7].<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi zdroji jemn\u00e9ho pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu (prim\u00e1rn\u00edho i sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho dohromady) dle anal\u00fdzy jsou [6]:
\n\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 40 % – kotle a kamna na uhl\u00ed a d\u0159evo (pod\u00edl biomasy a uhl\u00ed na zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je vyrovnan\u00fd, ale biomasy se k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed spot\u0159ebuje dvojn\u00e1sobek, topen\u00ed biomasou tedy zp\u016fsobuje v pr\u016fm\u011bru polovi\u010dn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, 80 % zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z lok\u00e1ln\u00edch topeni\u0161\u0165 poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u00fdch kotl\u016f na uhl\u00ed \u010di d\u0159evo a kamen na uhl\u00ed),
\n\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20 % – uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a tepl\u00e1rny (zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee jsou hlavn\u00edmi zdroji oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho, z nich\u017e prach za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek vznik\u00e1 v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed),
\n\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 doprava (celkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nen\u00ed velk\u00fd, ale je hlavn\u00edm zdrojem\u00a0 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prachem v oblastech s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed lid\u00ed, nav\u00edc je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed limit\u016f pro oxidy dus\u00edku v Praze a Brn\u011b).<\/p>\n

Nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace proto apeluj\u00ed na M\u017dP, aby v dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi p\u0159\u00edpravy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho programu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed \u010cR, tedy v n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9to koncepce, zapracovalo zejm\u00e9na (ale nejen) tato nutn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 komplexn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed [8]: pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kotl\u00edkov\u00fdch dotac\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnou i n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, \u00fapravu d\u00e1vek na energie na \u010dist\u00e1 paliva pro nejchud\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti, nastaven\u00ed postupn\u00e9ho r\u016fstu energetick\u00e9 dan\u011b z uhl\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch poplatk\u016f u hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed,
\n\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vylou\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdjimek z nov\u00fdch limit\u016f pro zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed z uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren [9] a realizaci St\u00e1tn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 koncepce \u010cR, kter\u00e1 po\u017eaduje \u00fatlum n\u00edzko\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny z uhl\u00ed,
\n\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ve m\u011bstech p\u0159ipravit a schv\u00e1lit regula\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy pro smogov\u00e9 situace, novelizovat pravidla pro vznik n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n a p\u0159ednostn\u011b p\u0159ipravit a schv\u00e1lit z\u00f3ny ve m\u011bstech, kde je zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z dopravy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.
\n
\nJi\u0159\u00ed Ko\u017eelouh, programov\u00fd \u0159editel\u00a0Hnut\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0DUHA, \u0159ekl:<\/b>
\n\u201cPodrobn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza stavu a v\u00fdvoje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed od odborn\u00edk\u016f z \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prachem sni\u017eujeme dosud p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomalu. K ochran\u011b lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed podle \u010desk\u00fdch i evropsk\u00fdch pravidel bude nutn\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech sni\u017eovat mno\u017estv\u00ed prachu sedmkr\u00e1t rychleji. Nevid\u00edm jinou mo\u017enost, ne\u017e aby Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159ipravilo komplexn\u00ed program pro \u010dist\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a rezolutn\u011b odm\u00edtlo ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek z nov\u00fdch limit\u016f pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. Krizov\u00e9 je v\u0161ak i zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed z dopravy ve m\u011bstech.\u201d\u00a0<\/i>
\n
\nDaniel Vondrou\u0161, \u0159editel Zelen\u00e9ho kruhu, \u0159ekl:<\/b>
\n\u201cOce\u0148ujeme, \u017ee Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed umo\u017enilo z\u00e1stupc\u016fm ekologick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkovat p\u0159\u00edpravu programu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161kodlivin v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Minul\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro nejposti\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed regiony soudy odm\u00edtly jako nedostate\u010dn\u00e9. Ministerstvo u\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt jednat, anal\u00fdza jeho vlastn\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f mu k tomu d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edc ne\u017e dostate\u010dnou oporu.\u201d\u00a0<\/i>
\n
\nLuk\u00e1\u0161 Hr\u00e1bek, tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed Greenpeace \u010cR, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/b>
\n\u201cPokud jde o zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z velk\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nemus\u00ed v tuto chv\u00edli vym\u00fd\u0161let ani zav\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b plat\u00ed nov\u00e9 emisn\u00ed limity a ministerstvo by tedy m\u011blo hlavn\u011b dohl\u00e9dnout, aby se dodr\u017eovaly a aby z nich elektr\u00e1rny nedost\u00e1valy v\u00fdjimky. Ji\u017e brzy bude m\u00edt z\u0159ejm\u011b prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. O v\u00fdjimku si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice, a to obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 drz\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Na jeden z blok\u016f chce nainstalovat levnou a nedostate\u010dnou technologii, na ni\u017e si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdjimku, proto\u017ee by se do z\u00e1konn\u00e9 normy neve\u0161la. A to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee by mohla klidn\u011b zvolit \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filtry, kter\u00e9 by nov\u00e9 emisn\u00ed limity splnily. Takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f by ministerstvo rozhodn\u011b nem\u011blo podporovat.\u201d<\/i>
\n
\nMiroslav \u0160uta, expert v oblasti ekologick\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch rizik, Centrum pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/b>
\n\u201cZ anal\u00fdzy nen\u00ed jasn\u011b, zda a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zohlednila emise z automobil\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fd nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vymontovan\u00fd filtr prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (DPF). Tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed uvedeno, zda uveden\u00e9 emise oxid\u016f dus\u00edku vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z fiktivn\u00edch laboratorn\u00edch emis\u00ed nebo zda zohled\u0148uj\u00ed a\u017e mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m provozu, kter\u00e9 odhalila af\u00e9ra dieselgate. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v Praze a v Brn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z dopravy m\u00e1 p\u0159itom na sv\u011bdom\u00ed n\u011bkolik stovek p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdskytu bronchitidy a astmatu u d\u011bt\u00ed a zna\u010dn\u00fdch po\u010det hospitalizac\u00ed pro nemoci d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na\u0161e zem\u011b mus\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159idat ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho jemn\u00e9ho pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu (PM2,5 – \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 tis\u00edcin milimetru), pokud chce dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle pro \u010dist\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed do…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[19],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-2479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-ovzdusi","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2479"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2481,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions\/2481"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2479"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=2479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}