{"id":25302,"date":"2026-08-10T12:08:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T11:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=25302"},"modified":"2026-08-10T12:08:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T11:08:54","slug":"mezinarodni-vyjednavani-o-hlubokomorske-tezbe-v-mezinarodnich-vodach-celi-tlaku-soukromych-spolecnosti-navzdory-silici-podpore-statu-pro-jeji-pozastaveni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/25302\/mezinarodni-vyjednavani-o-hlubokomorske-tezbe-v-mezinarodnich-vodach-celi-tlaku-soukromych-spolecnosti-navzdory-silici-podpore-statu-pro-jeji-pozastaveni\/","title":{"rendered":"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch \u010del\u00ed tlaku soukrom\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed navzdory s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed podpo\u0159e st\u00e1t\u016f pro jej\u00ed pozastaven\u00ed\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V \u010dervenci prob\u011bhlo 31. zased\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1nu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA), regula\u010dn\u00edho org\u00e1nu p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9ho k OSN, kter\u00fd dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby<\/a> v oblastech mimo jurisdikci jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je prodlou\u017een\u00ed kontroverzn\u00ed smlouvy o pr\u016fzkumu hlubinn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby navzdory nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed podpo\u0159e \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ISA proti za\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011b\u017eby. <\/p>\n\n

\"Hercules
Hercules captured this image of a deep-sea jelly fish, possibly Poralia rufescens, undulating several meters above the seafloor just south of the IMAX vent at Lost City, Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Date\tJuly 2005
Source\tNOAA Photo Library: expl2248
Author\tIFE, URI-IAO, UW, Lost City

Science Party; NOAA\/OAR\/OER; The Lost City 2005 Expedition. Creative commons CC BY 2.0
\u00a9 NOAA\/IFE\/UW\/URI-IAO<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

36\u010dlenn\u00e1 rada ISA, kter\u00e1 zasedala 13. a\u017e 24. \u010dervence, rozhodla o prodlou\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 smlouvy pro dce\u0159inou spole\u010dnost kanadsk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 firmy The Metals Company (TMC) \u010d\u00edm\u017e t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti umo\u017enila zachovat si v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na pr\u016fzkum mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo ze zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ISA,  podle kter\u00e9ho dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost TMC, Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. (NORI), splnila v\u0161echna krit\u00e9ria pro prodlou\u017een\u00ed smlouvy. Spole\u010dnosti NORI bylo ud\u011bleno dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt let na pr\u016fzkum miner\u00e1l\u016f na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed toho, \u017ee se v budoucnu pokus\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1dat o komer\u010dn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu v t\u011bchto oblastech.<\/p>\n\n

Tento krok se setkal s kritikou jak ze strany \u010dlen\u016f rady ISA, tak ze strany pozorovatel\u016f, jeliko\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost TMC, TMC USA, rovn\u011b\u017e prov\u00e1d\u00ed hlubinnou t\u011b\u017ebu ve stejn\u00fdch oblastech mimo pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec ISA. K obch\u00e1zen\u00ed jej\u00ed kontroly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kontroverzn\u00ed strategie –  na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervence dokonce podala \u017ealobu proti ISA<\/a> kv\u016fli jej\u00edmu p\u0159ezkumu \u010dinnost\u00ed spole\u010dnosti TMC.<\/p>\n\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed rady o prodlou\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 licence vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd precedens jak pro hlubok\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno, tak pro princip pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zpochyb\u0148uje schopnost regula\u010dn\u00edho org\u00e1nu zajistit dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f v r\u00e1mci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel.<\/p>\n\n

V\u011bdci dlouhodob\u011b upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee dopady hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1ny a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 dopady na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed by mohly b\u00fdt devastuj\u00edc\u00ed a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed po stalet\u00ed. Greenpeace proto dlouhodob\u011b po\u017eaduje zaveden\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho moratoria na hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebu minim\u00e1ln\u011b do doby, ne\u017e budou jej\u00ed dopady spolehliv\u011b vyhodnoceny. Rovn\u011b\u017e 46 zem\u00ed na jedn\u00e1n\u00edch vyzvalo k zaveden\u00ed moratoria nebo preventivn\u00ed pauzy v t\u011b\u017eb\u011b na hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b. Zast\u00e1nci tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i by byla mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b destruktivn\u00ed ne\u017e t\u011b\u017eba na pevnin\u011b a poskytla by d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie a obrann\u00e9 technologie. T\u011b\u017eba v jednom z posledn\u00edch nedot\u010den\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f na Zemi v\u0161ak nikdy nebude \u201eudr\u017eiteln\u00e1\u201c. Nav\u00edc nen\u00ed v\u016fbec jist\u00e9 jak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kov\u016f, bude do budoucna pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u2013 zejm\u00e9na pokud minimalizujeme popt\u00e1vku a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edme recyklaci a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f v bateri\u00edch. Spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se hlubokomo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebou tuto cestu ale odm\u00edtaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee by to pro n\u011b znamenalo ztr\u00e1tu budouc\u00edho zisku \u2013 proto p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po sv\u00fdch produktech. <\/p>\n\n

Samotn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost TMC se ale vydala jin\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Nam\u00edsto toho, aby \u010dekala na pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed licenci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA), obr\u00e1tila se spole\u010dnost TMC USA v roce 2025 na americk\u00fd N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro oce\u00e1ny a atmosf\u00e9ru (NOAA) s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o povolen\u00ed k pr\u016fzkumu a t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v mnoha stejn\u00fdch oblastech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vod, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed jej\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 smlouvy s ISA. NOAA \u010derp\u00e1 svou pravomoc k vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto povolen\u00ed z feder\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona USA z roku 1980 zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Z\u00e1kon o tvrd\u00fdch nerostn\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b (Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act, DSHMRA)<\/a>. A\u010dkoli je DSHMRA platn\u00fdm vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u00e1konem, jeho z\u00e1konnost z hlediska mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va je sporn\u00e1. Rozhodnut\u00ed NOAA o \u017e\u00e1dostech spole\u010dnosti TMC USA ale dosud nebylo vyd\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n

Obrat spole\u010dnosti TMC sm\u011brem k USA pod veden\u00edm prezidenta D. Trumpa, kter\u00fd je t\u011b\u017eb\u011b naklon\u011bn, vedla ISA k tomu, \u017ee v \u010dervenci 2025 zah\u00e1jila \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed s c\u00edlem zjistit, zda spole\u010dnost st\u00e1le pln\u00ed z\u00e1vazky vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z jej\u00edch smluv s ISA. V reakci na to podaly dv\u011b dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti TMC, NORI a Tonga Offshore Mining Limited (TOML), v \u010dervnu 2026 \u017ealobu na ISA u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho tribun\u00e1lu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo (ITLOS) s argumentem, \u017ee \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed bylo nespravedliv\u00e9 a spole\u010dnosti nebyla poskytnuta dostate\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost reagovat na n\u00e1mitky vznesen\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00edm org\u00e1nem. Dne 18. \u010dervence vydal ITLOS sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e konstatoval, \u017ee ISA m\u016f\u017ee ve sv\u00e9m \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pokra\u010dovat, mus\u00ed v\u0161ak respektovat pr\u00e1vo organizac\u00ed NORI a TOML na spravedliv\u00fd proces. <\/p>\n\n

Na sv\u00e9m \u010dervencov\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bnovala rada ISA tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel, kter\u00e1 by v budoucnu upravovala f\u00e1zi t\u011b\u017eby v hlubok\u00e9m mo\u0159i. A\u010dkoli ISA ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve sl\u00edbila, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed kodex bude hotov do konce tohoto roku, podle pozorovatel\u016f je jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed st\u00e1le v nedohlednu. ISA na t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edm kodexu pracuje ji\u017e od roku 2014, av\u0161ak term\u00edny pro jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed opakovan\u011b nedodr\u017eela. I po dlouh\u00fdch vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161eno n\u011bkolik ustanoven\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b toho, jak by se m\u011blo \u0159e\u0161it sd\u00edlen\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch \u010di ekonomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f z t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b, a zda by m\u011bly b\u00fdt normy a pokyny \u2013 podp\u016frn\u00e9 dokumenty vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed, jak by m\u011bl b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed z\u00e1kon prov\u00e1d\u011bn \u2013 p\u0159ijaty sou\u010dasn\u011b se samotn\u00fdm t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edm z\u00e1konem. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed budou pokra\u010dovat na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm pl\u00e1novan\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed rady v b\u0159eznu 2027. <\/p>\n\n

Poprv\u00e9 po mnoha letech se Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ISA z\u00fa\u010dastnil i z\u00e1stupce \u010desk\u00e9ho Ministerstva pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu, ale \u010cesko v\u00fdznamnou roli na konferenci nehr\u00e1lo. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika sice nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, ale jej\u00ed hlas m\u00e1 v\u00e1hu v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch. Je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby \u010cesk\u00e1 republika sehr\u00e1la konstruktivn\u00ed roli p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho pozastaven\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby a podpo\u0159ila mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ochranu oce\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou na\u0161\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdm d\u011bdictv\u00edm. Vyv\u00edjen\u00ed tlaku na \u010deskou vl\u00e1du, aby podpo\u0159ila ochranu oce\u00e1nu a zabr\u00e1nila rozvoji hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy \u201eZachra\u0148me oce\u00e1ny\u201c<\/a>, kterou Greenpeace spustilo v \u010dervnu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V \u010dervenci prob\u011bhlo 31. zased\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1nu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno (ISA), regula\u010dn\u00edho org\u00e1nu p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9ho k OSN, kter\u00fd dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby v oblastech mimo jurisdikci jednotliv\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":13719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[18,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-25302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazeno","tag-oceany","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25302"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25304,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25302\/revisions\/25304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25302"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=25302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}