{"id":2738,"date":"2018-10-15T16:19:59","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T14:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=2738"},"modified":"2022-01-12T14:11:33","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T13:11:33","slug":"uhelne-elektrarny-vevodi-znecistovatelum-toxickou-rtuti-potvrzuji-to-cerstve-udaje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/2738\/uhelne-elektrarny-vevodi-znecistovatelum-toxickou-rtuti-potvrzuji-to-cerstve-udaje\/","title":{"rendered":"Uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny v\u00e9vod\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm toxickou rtut\u00ed, potvrzuj\u00ed to \u010derstv\u00e9 \u00fadaje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zastaral\u00e1 uheln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna \u010cEZ Po\u010derady byla loni nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rtut\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch dat v Integrovan\u00e9m registru zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vypustila 188 kilogram\u016f t\u00e9to toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky [1].<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hnut\u00ed DUHA a Greenpeace upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1t m\u00e1 v ruce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, jak srazit zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v \u010cR, kde se do p\u016fdy, vody a organism\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00ed rtuti v EU [2], a chr\u00e1nit tak zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou rtut\u00ed ohro\u017eeny nejv\u00edce) [3]. Jsou j\u00edm nov\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 limity pro zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 spalovac\u00ed zdroje, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 rtuti a jsou odvozeny od nejlep\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed [4]. Provozovatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed limity splnit do srpna 2021. Krajsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady a Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jim v\u0161ak mohou ud\u011blit v\u00fdjimku, tak\u017ee zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed jist\u00e9 [5].<\/p>\n

\"\"

Elektr\u00e1rna Po\u010derady je jednou z nejho\u0161\u00edch v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, co se t\u00fd\u010de emis\u00ed i energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p><\/div>\n

Druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem rtuti v \u010cR byly v roce 2017 T\u0159ineck\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny (161 kg). V\u0161echna dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta v nelichotiv\u00e9m \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku TOP 10 ji\u017e obsadily op\u011bt uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a tepl\u00e1rny: Prun\u00e9\u0159ov (133 kg), V\u0159esov\u00e1 (104 kg), Tisov\u00e1 (105 kg), M\u011bln\u00edk II a III (89 kg), Tu\u0161imice (86 kg), Tepl\u00e1rna Plze\u0148 (81 kg), Kladno (76 kg), Chlaveltice (74 kg). Des\u00edtku uzav\u00edr\u00e1 tepl\u00e1rna T\u0159inec (73 kg) [1]. Hodnoty rtuti rok od roku kol\u00edsaj\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm se tak\u00e9 da\u0159\u00ed d\u00edky modern\u00edm technologi\u00edm obsah rtuti ve spalin\u00e1ch c\u00edlen\u011b sni\u017eovat, ale st\u00e1le jsou zdaleka nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zdroji jedovat\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b toto nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zdroje rtuti jsou i nejzbyte\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o zastaral\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 – vzhledem k vysok\u00e9mu p\u0159ebytku v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny nad spot\u0159ebou – nepot\u0159ebujeme a m\u016f\u017eeme z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti odstavit hned [6]. Nav\u00edc podle podrobn\u00e9 studie je mo\u017en\u00e9 bez ohro\u017een\u00ed stability s\u00edt\u011b a dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny zav\u0159\u00edt v\u0161echny uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (s v\u00fdjimkou tepl\u00e1ren) do roku 2030 [7]. Nen\u00ed tedy v\u016fbec od\u016fvodniteln\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vat uheln\u00fdm elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m v\u00fdjimky z limitu pro rtu\u0165, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e maj\u00ed mo\u017enost jej plnit nebo se pln\u011bn\u00ed vyhnout omezen\u00edm provozu na 60 dn\u00ed za rok a slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed zdroje.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak v\u0161ak st\u00e1t mus\u00ed p\u0159itvrdit proti p\u00e1len\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed v dom\u00e1c\u00edch kotl\u00edch a kamnech, kde se produkce rtuti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u016fbec nesleduje, a naopak vy\u010dlenit dal\u0161\u00ed pen\u00edze na kotl\u00edkov\u00e9 dotace ur\u010den\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze pro p\u0159echod na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed bez uhl\u00ed\u00a0 [8].<\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Ko\u017eelouh, programov\u00fd \u0159editel Hnut\u00ed DUHA, \u0159ekl:<\/strong>
\u201cJako ka\u017ed\u00fd rok i loni pumpovaly do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nejv\u00edce toxick\u00e9 rtuti uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. \u00dapln\u011b nejv\u00edc elektr\u00e1rna \u010cEZ Po\u010derady. P\u0159esn\u011b ta, kterou v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed firma st\u00e1le nezav\u0159ela a naopak se ji pokusila prodat uhlobaronu pavlu Tyka\u010dovi, kter\u00fd ji m\u00e1 chu\u0165 provozovat dal\u0161\u00edch mnoho let. P\u0159itom je jednou z mnoha zastaral\u00fdch v\u00fdroben, kterou d\u00edky velk\u00e9mu p\u0159ebytku elekt\u0159iny prost\u011b nepot\u0159ebujeme. Nen\u00ed tedy sebemen\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod, aby Po\u010derady a dal\u0161\u00ed dostaly v\u00fdjimky z nov\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch limit\u016f pro rtu\u0165 a d\u00e1l ohro\u017eovaly zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na nejmen\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]\u00a0https:\/\/portal.cenia.cz\/irz\/formularUnikyPrenosy.jsp<\/a>\u00a0(vyhledat pouze rtu\u0165 – Hg)<\/p>\n

[2] \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u0161ak rtu\u0165 nejen vypou\u0161t\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm spadem rtuti na \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed kilometr. 55 procent tohoto spadu poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zdroj\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.\u00a0http:\/\/www.msceast.org\/reports\/2_2012.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(str. 40, graf 3.23.)<\/p>\n

Studie Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed popisuje celkovou situaci v Evrop\u011b takto: \u201cHistorick\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 emise rtuti jsou st\u00e1le z\u00e1sadn\u00edm ohro\u017een\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem nov\u00fdch emis\u00ed rtuti je p\u00e1len\u00ed uhl\u00ed. Polovina rtuti poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zdroj\u016f mimo Evropu.\u201d
https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/mercury-in-europe-s-environment<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] Rtu\u0165 se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla zejm\u00e9na z potravou z rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji obsahuj\u00ed kv\u016fli spadu na p\u016fdu. Velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 je p\u0159em\u011bna rtuti na extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dnou formu methylrtu\u0165 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011blech vodn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Skrze konzumaci ryb a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f se methylrtu\u0165 hlavn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 i do organism\u016f lid\u00ed. Methylrtu\u0165 m\u00e1 vysoce toxick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na nervovou soustavu. M\u00e1 schopnost prostupovat placentou a negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat v\u00fdvoj mozku je\u0161t\u011b nenarozen\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v t\u011ble t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny. Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble a b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed se postupn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho se organismu d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

[4] Nov\u00e9 standardy jsou stanoveny jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 technologie (BAT – Best Available Techniques) v revidovan\u00e9m dokumentu LCP BREF (Large Combustion Plants Best Available Techniques Reference Document). Krom\u011b uheln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f se nov\u00e1 legislativa t\u00fdk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 elektr\u00e1ren spaluj\u00edc\u00edch biomasu, plyn, ra\u0161elinu \u010di ropu. Jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 legislativy, kter\u00e1 si klade za c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017eit dopad velk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Dokumenty LCP BREF stanovuj\u00ed limity emis\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do vzduchu pro oxidy dus\u00edku (NOx), oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd (SO2), prach a poprv\u00e9 tak\u00e9 rtu\u0165 (Hg). Limity se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody kadmiem \u010di rtut\u00ed.
http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/pdf\/31_07_2017_news_en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[5] Nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika navr\u017een\u00e9 limity implementovat do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce. Firmy si v\u0161ak ve specifick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou za\u017e\u00e1dat o v\u00fdjimku. Musej\u00ed ale dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee by n\u00e1klady na nov\u00e9 technologie byly ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna pak mus\u00ed proj\u00edt komplexn\u00edm povolovac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, v\u00fdjimky ji\u017e nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blovat automaticky a plo\u0161n\u011b. Povolovac\u00edmi org\u00e1ny jsou v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b krajsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady, v druh\u00e9 instanci pak Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/loni-vyrazne-vzrostl-vyvoz-elektriny<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0http:\/\/glopolis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Czech-Grid-Without-Coal-By-2030_fin.pdf<\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0http:\/\/hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/vymena-starych-kamen-podporena-z-nove-zelene-usporam-prospeje-cistsimu-ovzdusi<\/p>\n

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Zastaral\u00e1 uheln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna \u010cEZ Po\u010derady byla loni nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rtut\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch dat v Integrovan\u00e9m registru zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vypustila 188 kilogram\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[19],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-2738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-ovzdusi","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2738"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15964,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2738\/revisions\/15964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2738"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=2738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}