{"id":3336,"date":"2019-05-13T12:15:16","date_gmt":"2019-05-13T10:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=3336"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:32:30","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:32:30","slug":"rtut-v-ovzdusi-musime-snizovat-ulevy-pro-znecistovatele-jsou-zbytecne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/3336\/rtut-v-ovzdusi-musime-snizovat-ulevy-pro-znecistovatele-jsou-zbytecne\/","title":{"rendered":"Rtu\u0165 v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed mus\u00edme sn\u00ed\u017eovat. \u00dalevy pro zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele jsou zbyte\u010dn\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed rozeslalo do p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh zm\u011bny vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, kter\u00fd by velk\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm umo\u017enil vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o 40 % v\u00edce rtuti. Kdy\u017e na to ekologick\u00e9 organizace upozornily<\/a>, z\u00e1stupci ministerstva v\u010detn\u011b ministra Richarda Brabce za\u010dali sv\u016fj n\u00e1vrh br\u00e1nit, nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 rtuti se bude d\u00edky ministerstvu sni\u017eovat a \u017ee zaveden\u00ed ode\u010dtu odchylky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nepovede k tomu, \u017ee by elektr\u00e1rny za\u010daly vypou\u0161t\u011bt v\u00edce rtuti, ne\u017e vypou\u0161t\u00ed dnes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Problematika, kter\u00e9 se nov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka dot\u00fdk\u00e1, je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e1, proto bychom si m\u011bli hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku ujasnit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fakta: Uhl\u00ed obsahuje rtu\u0165. Kdy\u017e se uhl\u00ed p\u00e1l\u00ed, rtu\u0165 se uvol\u0148uje a vyl\u00e9t\u00e1 z kom\u00edn\u016f \u010di chladic\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee rtu\u0165 je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed hromad\u00ed, neplat\u00ed pro ni zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 limity omezuj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvolnit. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kolik rtuti elektr\u00e1rny vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi nep\u0159esn\u00e9. Emise se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed jednou ro\u010dn\u011b a pak se dopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1, jak\u00e9 by asi mohly b\u00fdt, kdyby se m\u011b\u0159ily po\u0159\u00e1d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Chvaletice

Elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u0161e se ov\u0161em zm\u011bn\u00ed v roce 2021, kdy se v Evropsk\u00e9 unii pro rtu\u0165 zav\u00e1d\u00ed emisn\u00ed limit, kter\u00fd uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010dovat. Nav\u00edc se zavede i kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a podle v\u00fdzkumu Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly b\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 by m\u011blo uk\u00e1zat hodnoty o 25 procent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho. Provozovatel\u00e9 elektr\u00e1ren tak budou muset instalovat nov\u00e9 filtry, nebo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u00fa\u0159ady, \u017ee by m\u011bly z limit\u016f pro rtu\u0165 dostat v\u00fdjimku. Nov\u00e1 pravidla pro omezen\u00ed emis\u00ed rtuti v\u0161ak nevymyslelo Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jak by se mohlo zd\u00e1t z jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, ale jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nov\u00e9 legislativy schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Evropskou uni\u00ed. Legislativy, p\u0159i jej\u00edm\u017e schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/span>\u010cesko hlasovalo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed proti<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee nov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed – a\u010dkoli by mohla za\u010d\u00edt platit ji\u017e brzy – na sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav vliv m\u00edt nebude. Od\u0161krtnout t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovinu nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch emis\u00ed si podle n\u00ed budou moci jen elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed rtu\u0165 kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b. A to v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010cesku r ned\u011bl\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee to z\u00e1kon nevy\u017eaduje. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b by vl\u00e1da mohla zav\u00e9st kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rtuti d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e j\u00ed to ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nov\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 legislativa, tedy je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 2021, ale nic nenasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee by se na to chystala. Sp\u00ed\u0161e si po\u010dk\u00e1 na celoevropsk\u00fd deadline.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odchylka m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, nebo modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filtry?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ministerstvo celkem sebev\u011bdom\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nedos\u00e1hnou na emisn\u00ed limity pro rtu\u0165, ani kdy\u017e budou nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 o odchylku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, ale to je sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e9 koule. A\u017e ve chv\u00edli, kdy se za\u010dne rtu\u0165 m\u011b\u0159it kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b, uvid\u00edme, jestli n\u011bkter\u00fdm uheln\u00fdm elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m ode\u010dten\u00ed odchylky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nepom\u016f\u017ee k tomu, aby se s od\u0159en\u00fdma u\u0161ima do z\u00e1konn\u00fdch limit\u016f ve\u0161ly. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b provozovatel uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny – a aby nebyl anonymn\u00ed, \u0159\u00edkejme mu t\u0159eba \u010cEZ, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cEZ m\u00e1 hned n\u011bkolik zdroj\u016f, u kter\u00fdch k tomuto p\u0159\u00edpadu m\u016f\u017ee re\u00e1ln\u011b doj\u00edt – nebude muset instalovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 technologie na zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rtuti. Technologie, kter\u00e9 by sn\u00ed\u017eily mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u00e9to vysoce toxick\u00e9 a jedovat\u00e9 l\u00e1tky t\u0159eba na polovinu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu. Nebo dokonce na t\u0159etinu. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad, kdy se n\u011bkter\u00e1 z elektr\u00e1ren \u010cEZu kv\u016fli odchylce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u jin\u00fdch \u0161kodlivin vyhnula investic\u00edm do \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch filtr\u016f, u\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1me. Elektr\u00e1rna Po\u010derady by ji\u017e dva roky po sob\u011b neplnila emisn\u00ed limity pro oxidy dus\u00edku, pokud by 20 % nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch emis\u00ed neode\u010detla jako odchylku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Odchylka m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159itom nen\u00ed jedinou \u00falevou, kterou mohou provozovatel\u00e9 uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren dostat. V souvislosti se zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm nov\u00fdch pravidel si mohou \u017e\u00e1dat o v\u00fdjimku z emisn\u00edch limit\u016f, z velk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f <\/span>u\u017e tak u\u010dinila elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice<\/span><\/a>. Jej\u00ed vlastn\u00edk – uhlobaron Pavel Tyka\u010d – chce m\u00edsto z\u00e1konn\u00fdch 7 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd vypou\u0161t\u011bt a\u017e 25 mikrogram\u016f. Kdyby Chvaletice v\u00fdjimku dostaly, v kombinaci s odchylkou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed by provozovatel mohl nam\u011b\u0159it dokonce 35 mikrogram\u016f – tedy p\u011btin\u00e1sobek z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho limitu – a st\u00e1le by to bylo v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Ch\u00e1pal bych, kdyby ministerstvo zavedlo institut odchylky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a pak provozovatel\u016fm v\u00fdjimky z emisn\u00edch limit\u016f nerozd\u00e1valo. Ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se ale, \u017ee nic takov\u00e9ho se nechyst\u00e1. Ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek pro rtu\u0165 je p\u0159itom \u00fapln\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e9, instalace nov\u00fdch filtr\u016f nen\u00ed ekonomicky natolik n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, \u017ee by na n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 firmy vykrv\u00e1cely.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale zp\u011bt k odchylce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Ministerstvo argumentuje, \u017ee evropsk\u00e1 legislativa umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo na\u0159izuje, aby se u emis\u00ed rtuti operovalo s odchylkou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Je pravda, \u017ee sm\u011brnice o pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch emis\u00edch stanovuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu nejistoty m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u0161kodliviny v \u0159\u00e1du 10 a\u017e 40 %.<\/span> Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale tato sm\u011brnice stanovuje, u jak\u00fdch polutant\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ode\u010d\u00edst. A rtu\u0165 mezi nimi nen\u00ed. Ministerstvo tedy uvol\u0148uje pravidla pro velk\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele, ani\u017e by ho k tomu cokoli nutilo a zavazovalo. Kde je v n\u00e1vrhu ministerstva p\u0159\u00ednos pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jeho\u017e z\u00e1jmy by m\u011blo prim\u00e1rn\u011b h\u00e1jit, je pro m\u011b z\u00e1hadou. J\u00e1 jsem ho tam nena\u0161el. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u011bt\u011b zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm na ruku nejdou<\/h4>\n

A jak to funguje jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b? Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160v\u00e9dsko neaplikuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd<\/span> ode\u010det nejistoty m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u emisn\u00edch limit\u016f nad r\u00e1mec evropsk\u00fdch pravidel. V USA tamn\u00ed regulace tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ode\u010det chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed neumo\u017e\u0148uje. Ot\u00e1zku nep\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zde \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tak, \u017ee elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed povinnost \u010dasto kalibrovat m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

A v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ud\u00e1v\u00e1 jako inspiraci, si jako odchylku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sice mohou provozovatel\u00e9 ode\u010d\u00edst 40 procent, ov\u0161em jen v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee prok\u00e1\u017eou, \u017ee jejich m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed metoda m\u00e1 odchylku 40 procent. V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech ode\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed re\u00e1lnou odchylku, kter\u00e1 se ukazuje p\u0159i kalibraci m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jde tedy o maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nejistotu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v \u010cR by si uheln\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 podle nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky mohli 40 % nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch emis\u00ed ode\u010d\u00edtat plo\u0161n\u011b a automaticky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Christian Tebert, n\u011bmeck\u00fd odborn\u00edk na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed emis\u00ed z pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, k tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: „Nerozum\u00edm tomu, pro\u010d chce \u010desk\u00fd regul\u00e1tor zkop\u00edrovat jen polovinu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Jestli se u n\u00e1s chce inspirovat, m\u011bl by n\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edvat zp\u016fsobem, ke kter\u00e9mu je ur\u010den, tedy jako bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 rezerva pro emitenty, ale bez plo\u0161n\u00e9ho ode\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed od nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejde se tedy zbavit dojmu, \u017ee novou vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku p\u0159ipravoval n\u011bkdo, komu na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a na \u010distot\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. A vlastn\u011b to potvrzuje samotn\u00e9 Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nakonec nepokryt\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zn\u011bn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u0159e\u0161ila pracovn\u00ed skupina p\u0159i Ministerstvu pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu, v n\u00ed\u017e maj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed slovo z\u00e1stupci uheln\u00e9ho byznysu. Zat\u00edmco vlastn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupinu, kter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed emise rtuti a v\u00fdjimky pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed o nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce pro jistotu rad\u011bji ani neinformovalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ps\u00e1no pro Den\u00edkreferendum.cz<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed rozeslalo do p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh zm\u011bny vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, kter\u00fd by velk\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm umo\u017enil vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o 40 % v\u00edce rtuti. Kdy\u017e na to ekologick\u00e9 organizace upozornily, z\u00e1stupci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":3338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[19],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-3336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-ovzdusi","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3336"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15711,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions\/15711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3336"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=3336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}