{"id":3507,"date":"2019-06-03T12:56:03","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T10:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=3507"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:32:28","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:32:28","slug":"vyzyvame-vladu-cr-poslaneckou-snemovnu-a-senat-parlamentu-cr-k-zavedeni-zalohovani-napojovych-pet-lahvi-a-plechovek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/3507\/vyzyvame-vladu-cr-poslaneckou-snemovnu-a-senat-parlamentu-cr-k-zavedeni-zalohovani-napojovych-pet-lahvi-a-plechovek\/","title":{"rendered":"Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1me vl\u00e1du \u010cR, Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnu a Sen\u00e1t Parlamentu \u010cR k zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch PET lahv\u00ed a plechovek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o obalech neumo\u017e\u0148uje zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1loh na jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 n\u00e1pojov\u00e9 obaly, jako jsou PET lahve a plechovky. \u017d\u00e1d\u00e1me o dopln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu o standardn\u00ed pravidla po vzoru \u0159ady evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u00edky z\u00e1lohov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu ji\u017e nyn\u00ed pln\u00ed nov\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 recykla\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edle. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a omezen\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed surovinami, kter\u00e9 posune \u010ceskou republiku bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u010dist\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d podporujeme zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cR?<\/p>\n

1) \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed litteringu \u2013 nez\u00e1konn\u011b pohozen\u00fdch odpadk\u016f v prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong>
\nPET lahve a plechovky jsou kolem silnic, chodn\u00edk\u016f, v les\u00edch, v parc\u00edch, na ulic\u00edch, na b\u0159ez\u00edch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, zkr\u00e1tka v\u0161ude, kde m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup \u010dlov\u011bk. Podrobn\u00e1 studie voln\u011b pohozen\u00fdch odpadk\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (2007) prok\u00e1zala, z\u030ce 77 % objemu odhozen\u00fdch na\u0301pojovy\u0301ch obalu\u030a byly PET la\u0301hve. Ty tak\u00e9 tvor\u030cily celkem 30 % hmotnosti v\u0161ech nalezen\u00fdch odpadk\u016f (Pr\u030cibylova\u0301 & S\u030ctejfa, 2007). Na Slovensku kolem analyzovan\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f silnic bylo nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b a\u017e 600 l n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch PET lahv\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00fd kilometr. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed prokazateln\u011b sni\u017euje odhazov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f a\u017e o 95 %, co\u017e se z\u00e1sadn\u011b projev\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrody i n\u00e1klad\u016f m\u011bst na \u00faklid ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostranstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Plastic

Plasty nejsou probl\u00e9m jen v oce\u00e1nech, ale i v \u0159ek\u00e1ch.<\/p><\/div>\n

2) Z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m by byl o t\u0159etinu \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed ne\u017e ten st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/strong>
\nZe studie V\u0160CHT (2018), kter\u00e1 posuzovala \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus syst\u00e9mu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho a z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu by vedlo k poklesu environment\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s transportem, balen\u00edm n\u00e1poj\u016f a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm o 28 %.<\/p>\n

3) Vysb\u00edr\u00e1 se v\u00edce \u010dist\u0161\u00ed suroviny a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme se k cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomice<\/strong>
\nSyst\u00e9my z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed v EU b\u011b\u017en\u011b dosahuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti sb\u011bru p\u0159es 90 %, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nap\u0159. z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed v N\u011bmecku dosahuje dlouhodob\u011b 98,5 %. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 lahve a plechovky ji\u017e nekon\u010d\u00ed ve sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu nebo v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Takto z\u00edskan\u00fd \u010dist\u00fd materi\u00e1l umo\u017e\u0148uje plnohodnotnou opakovanou recyklaci s vysokou p\u0159idanou hodnotou, zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdrobu nov\u00fdch PET lahv\u00ed \u201ebottle to bottle\u201c. Z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed obc\u00edm a ob\u010dan\u016fm extern\u00ed n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s \u00faklidem ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostranstv\u00ed, \u010di dot\u0159i\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm separovan\u00fdch plast\u016f a otev\u0159e nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti rozvoje recykla\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu v \u010cR.<\/p>\n

4) \u010cekaj\u00ed n\u00e1s legislativn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, na kter\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>
\nO d\u016fvod v\u00edc zav\u00e9st z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 sm\u011brnice o jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch plastech. Ur\u010duje povinnost pro \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zajistit 90 % m\u00edru t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch PET lahv\u00ed od roku 2029 a tak\u00e9 stanovuje obsah recyklovan\u00e9ho PETu v nov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch PET lahv\u00edch na 25 % v roce 2025. V EU zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jedin\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 by bez z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1zala vyt\u0159\u00eddit 90 % PET lahv\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch plechovek n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee splnit i c\u00edl sm\u011brnice o obalech a obalov\u00fdch odpadech, tedy recyklovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 50 % obalov\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku v roce 2025 (a 60% v roce 2030). Abychom b\u011bhem p\u011bti let dos\u00e1hli tak z\u00e1sadn\u00edho nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed recyklace PET lahv\u00ed a plechovek, pot\u0159ebujeme stanovit legislativn\u00ed pravidla nyn\u00ed. Jinak by pr\u016fmysl nem\u011bl dost \u010dasu v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 kroky prov\u00e9st. Nav\u00edc je \u0161koda ka\u017ed\u00e9ho roku, kdy pokra\u010duje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00fdmi surovinami, zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje obc\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n

5) Odstran\u011bn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru<\/strong>
\nZ\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 nezdrav\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru a recyklace jin\u00fdch plast\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm PET lahv\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba, aby spolu se zaveden\u00edm z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo ke spravedliv\u00e9 diferenciaci poplatk\u016f v\u00fdrobc\u016f podle recyklovatelnosti obalu \u010di v\u00fdrobku. To povede k pot\u0159ebn\u00e9mu rozvoji ekodesignu produkt\u016f nab\u00edzen\u00fdch kone\u010dn\u00e9mu spot\u0159ebiteli a k \u200b\u200brozvoji recykla\u010dn\u00edch kapacit v \u010cR. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m stane pr\u016fhledn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a f\u00e9rov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

6) Skute\u010dn\u00e1 cena z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, spravedliv\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong>
\nP\u0159i z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed se uplatn\u00ed spravedliv\u00fd princip \u201ezne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed\u201c. \u00daspory slovensk\u00fdch m\u011bst a obc\u00ed na \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ulic v souvislosti s podstatn\u00fdm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed voln\u011b pohozen\u00fdch odpad\u016f (litteringu) v d\u016fsledku zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u010d\u00edslila studia IEP [4] na 1,2 \u2013 2,7 mil. \u20ac ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dnes, p\u0159i neexistenci z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed se extern\u00ed n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 se sb\u011brem a likvidac\u00ed pohozen\u00fdch obal\u016f hrad\u00ed z kapsy v\u0161ech da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, tedy i t\u011bch, co si n\u00e1poje v PET lahv\u00edch a plechovk\u00e1ch nekupuj\u00ed. Tyto n\u00e1klady propl\u00e1cej\u00ed z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obce, spr\u00e1va silnic, d\u00e1lnic, \u017eeleznic nebo jsou skryt\u00e9 v stovk\u00e1ch hodin pr\u00e1ce dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, \u010di z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch svaz\u016f jako jsou ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody, ryb\u00e1\u0159i \u010di myslivci.<\/p>\n

Ze studie n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdnos\u016f z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syt\u00e9mu (2018) vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cR by p\u0159ineslo \u00faspory za sb\u011br a likvidaci odpadk\u016f v hodnot\u011b 199 milion\u016f K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f d\u00edky z\u00e1loh\u00e1m vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch pro rok, kdy m\u00e1 b\u00fdt z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m spu\u0161t\u011bn, je ohodnoceno na dal\u0161\u00edch 94 milion\u016f K\u010d.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1klady na provoz syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1loh by byly kryty jeho ro\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Syst\u00e9m toti\u017e vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 na prodeji \u010dist\u00e9ho a vyt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, poplatc\u00edch od producent\u016f, pop\u0159. i na neproplacen\u00fdch z\u00e1loh\u00e1ch od z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Investi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1kup stroj\u016f, by byly tak\u00e9 pokryty z ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f syst\u00e9mu v rozlo\u017een\u00ed 4 a v\u00edce let, v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti obchodu a po\u010dtu nakoupen\u00fdch stroj\u016f zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odb\u011bru. Je v\u0161ak jen na n\u00e1s, jak k v\u00fdsledk\u016fm studie p\u0159istoup\u00edme a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1lohov\u00e9 syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eeme op\u0159\u00edt o n\u00e1zory v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zahrnut\u00fdch stran.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ji\u017e leckde funguje, jinde ho nyn\u00ed testuj\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

7) Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed podporuje naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u010dan\u016f \u010cR<\/strong>
\nPr\u016fzkumem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v lednu 2019 bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 83 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f podporuje z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed PET lahv\u00ed a plechovek. Respondenti se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by to p\u0159inutilo lidi nevyhazovat tyto obaly do p\u0159\u00edrody nebo do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu. V\u00fdzkum z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyvrac\u00ed i m\u00fdtus, \u017ee by \u010ce\u0161i n\u00e1sledn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eili t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed ostatn\u00edho odpadu.<\/p>\n

8) Zlep\u0161en\u00ed evidence n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f<\/strong>
\nD\u00edky z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed bude p\u0159esn\u00e1 evidence n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f uveden\u00fdch na trh, jako\u017e i vyt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fdch a skute\u010dn\u011b recyklovan\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f. \u010cesko tak bude kone\u010dn\u011b disponovat p\u0159esn\u00fdmi daty p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edry sb\u011bru a recyklace t\u011bchto obal\u016f. Je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t z\u0159etel tak\u00e9 na mo\u017enosti nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed evidence, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eblockchain\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee tyto i dal\u0161\u00ed toky zcela ztransparentnit.<\/p>\n

9) Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed nezni\u010d\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fd sb\u011br v obc\u00edch a m\u011bstech \u010cR<\/strong>
\nT\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fd sb\u011br bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed i po zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1loh. N\u00e1pojov\u00e9 PET lahve a plechovky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed odpad, kter\u00fd je objemn\u00fd a lehk\u00fd, tak\u017ee zab\u00edr\u00e1 hodn\u011b m\u00edsta ve \u017elut\u00fdch kontejnerech \u010di sm\u011bsn\u00e9m komun\u00e1ln\u00edm odpadu. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00edm se uvoln\u00ed kapacita pro jin\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 odpady, hustota sv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch plast\u016f bude vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed emisemi a hlukem ze svoz\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. To je vedle \u010dist\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed velk\u00e1 p\u0159idan\u00e1 hodnota p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro obce a ob\u010dany. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout i adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f v\u00fdrobc\u016f pro pokryt\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch se sb\u011brem a recyklac\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch odpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 dnes nereflektuj\u00ed realitu a obce musej\u00ed dopl\u00e1cet na svoz a recyklaci plastov\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fdch odpad\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed odpad je ten, kter\u00fd nikdy nevznikne. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9 vzniku odpadu p\u0159edch\u00e1zet a vyhnout se zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch obal\u016f, jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad PET lahve. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale mus\u00edme vznikl\u00fd odpad t\u0159\u00eddit a recyklovat v co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e. Nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f je jejich z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o obalech neumo\u017e\u0148uje zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1loh na jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 n\u00e1pojov\u00e9 obaly, jako jsou PET lahve a plechovky. \u017d\u00e1d\u00e1me o dopln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu o standardn\u00ed pravidla po vzoru \u0159ady…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":3513,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[21,22],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-3507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-plast-je-past","tag-setrimeplanetu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3507"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15705,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions\/15705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3507"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=3507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}