{"id":3828,"date":"2019-07-11T15:16:05","date_gmt":"2019-07-11T13:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=3828"},"modified":"2023-04-03T10:35:17","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T09:35:17","slug":"10-duvodu-proc-jadro-neni-reseni-klimaticke-krize-a-ohrozuje-transformaci-energetiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/3828\/10-duvodu-proc-jadro-neni-reseni-klimaticke-krize-a-ohrozuje-transformaci-energetiky\/","title":{"rendered":"10 d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d j\u00e1dro nen\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 krize a ohro\u017euje transformaci energetiky"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika se op\u011bt pustila do nesmysln\u00e9 diskuze o nov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b. K prakticky stejn\u00fdm argument\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsme sl\u00fdchali tak\u0159ka p\u0159ed 30 lety p\u0159i dostavb\u011b jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Temel\u00edn, p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a klimatu. Ani v jednom n\u00e1m ale jadern\u00e1 energetika pomoci nedok\u00e1\u017ee. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed stavba nov\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch reaktor\u016f jen nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Zde si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst 10 d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d bychom novou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu nem\u011bli stav\u011bt a m\u011bli bychom m\u00edsto n\u00ed d\u00e1t p\u0159ednost obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Climate

Prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Greenpeace, kter\u00e9 varovalo p\u0159ed investicemi do jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren v roce 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n

    \n
  1. Ne\u017e se elektr\u00e1rna postav\u00ed, bude u\u017e pozd\u011b na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 krize
    \n<\/b>Podle zpr\u00e1vy Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro zm\u011bny klimatu, mus\u00edme do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017eit emise CO<\/span>2<\/span> o 50 % a do roku 2050 m\u00edt emise v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b nulov\u00e9, abychom zabr\u00e1nili katastrofick\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016fm po zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty. Stavba JE ale v tomto kontextu nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b dlouho. Jak ukazuj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed, postavit jednu elektr\u00e1rnu trv\u00e1 10 – 19 let. Pl\u00e1n na\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dy po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se za\u010d\u00e1tkem stavby v roce 2028. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohla nov\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna spu\u0161t\u011bna mezi lety 2038 a\u017e 2047. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b by ji\u017e \u010desk\u00e1 energetika m\u011bla b\u00fdt pln\u011b transformovan\u00e1 a n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Jadern\u00e1 energie nenahrazuje uheln\u00e9 zdroje
    \n<\/b>Argument, kter\u00fd zazn\u00edval ji\u017e p\u0159i stavb\u011b elektr\u00e1rny Temel\u00edn, byla ochrana zdrav\u00ed obyvatel \u010cR a jejich pr\u00e1va na \u010dist\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 bloky n\u00e1m toti\u017e \u00fadajn\u011b dovoluj\u00ed zav\u00edrat uheln\u00e9 zdroje. Kdyby tento argument ale myslela \u010cesk\u00e1 republika opravdu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, byla by zav\u0159ela uheln\u00e9 zdroje ji\u017e po dostavb\u011b Temel\u00edna a dnes by nepokra\u010dovala ve zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a nevyv\u00e1\u017eela energii vyrobenou z uhl\u00ed za hranice. A\u00a0 hlavn\u011b by zvolila \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kde budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacity trv\u00e1 krat\u0161\u00ed dobu – tedy obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje – aby mohla uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny zav\u00edrat d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e za 19 – 29 let.<\/li>\n
  3. Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b drah\u00e1 – ekonomicky ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl
    \n<\/b>Odhad n\u00e1klad\u016f na stavbu je nyn\u00ed velmi optimisticky p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n na 250 miliard korun. Jak velmi dob\u0159e upozornil Ji\u0159\u00ed Hlavenka<\/a>: \u201cU posledn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 dostav\u011bn\u00fdch jaderek v Evrop\u011b do\u0161lo k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f, vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno procentu\u00e1ln\u011b takto: 332 %, 330 %, 283 %, 219 %. To jsou rozd\u00edly mezi „m\u00e1 st\u00e1t“ a „j\u00e9, fakt to tolik st\u00e1lo“. Po\u010d\u00edtejme tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e minim\u00e1ln\u011b s dvojn\u00e1sobkem ceny. A to je\u0161t\u011b chceme stav\u011bt reaktory dva. Pak se cena \u0161plh\u00e1 na \u00farove\u0148 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 1000 miliard, co\u017e je v\u00edce jak polovina sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho dluhu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Na stavbu nov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny tak \u010cR nem\u00e1 a nebude m\u00edt pen\u00edze. A kdyby je n\u00e1hodou sehnala, budou tyto finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky chyb\u011bt p\u0159i podpo\u0159e obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a transformace energetiky sm\u011brem k modern\u00edm a \u010dist\u00fdm technologi\u00edm.<\/li>\n
  4. Nev\u00edme, co si po\u010d\u00edt s radioaktivn\u00edm odpadem
    \n<\/b>St\u00e1le nem\u00e1me p\u0159ipraveno \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jadern\u00e9ho odpadu. Podle p\u0159\u00edstupu \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jej cht\u011bj\u00ed protla\u010dit silou, co\u017e rozhodn\u011b nepom\u00e1h\u00e1 smyslupln\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nen\u00ed ov\u0161em jasn\u00e9 ani, zda jsme schopn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jadern\u00e9ho odpadu postavit. Zde se toti\u017e dost\u00e1v\u00e1me do \u010dasov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek, kter\u00e9 se nedaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat na d\u00e9lku lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota ani na d\u00e9lku trv\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed civilizace. Samotn\u00e9 palivo budeme pot\u0159ebovat bezpe\u010dn\u011b skladovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 100 tis\u00edc let. Co\u017e jen pro p\u0159edstavu je zhruba 21x d\u00e9le, ne\u017e n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00ed od stavby Velk\u00e9 pyramidy v G\u00edze (postavena v 25. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem). Na tak dlouh\u00e9 projekty opravdu nejsme p\u0159ipraveni. A neum\u00edme si ani spo\u010d\u00edtat n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 budou s radioaktivn\u00edm odpadem spojen\u00e9, proto tyto sumy nenajdete nikde v ekonomick\u00fdch hodnocen\u00edch stavby elektr\u00e1rny.<\/li>\n
  5. Jadern\u00e1 energie nebude nikdy \u00fapln\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e1
    \n<\/b>Podle profesora     Marka Z. Jacobsona z Stanfordsk\u00e9 univerzity<\/a>, u 1,5 % ze v\u0161ech doposud postaven\u00fdch reaktor\u016f do\u0161lo k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu stupni \u201cmeltdownu\u201d. Vzhledem k obrovsk\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm spojen\u00fdch s hav\u00e1ri\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, pot\u0159ebujeme 100 % bezpe\u010dnost. A t\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout prost\u011b nelze.<\/li>\n
  6. Poji\u0161\u0165ovnou jsme my v\u0161ichni
    \n<\/b>Kv\u016fli hrozb\u011b jadern\u00e9 hav\u00e1rie je st\u00e1t jedin\u00fdm subjektem, kter\u00fd je schopen takovou stavbu pojistit. A pokud je cena za samotnou stavbu astronomick\u00e1, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hav\u00e1rie je je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Jen pro p\u0159edstavu, n\u00e1klady \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hav\u00e1rie v elektr\u00e1rn\u011b Fuku\u0161ima Dai-ichi se odhaduj\u00ed na     460 – 640 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/a> (10 409 – 14 482 miliard korun).<\/li>\n
  7. S\u00e1zka na jeden projekt nemus\u00ed vyj\u00edt
    \n<\/b>M\u00edsto snahy o diverzifikaci na\u0161ich finan\u010dn\u00edch investic do v\u00edce projekt\u016f s\u00e1z\u00edme pouze na jeden projekt s \u010dasov\u011b velmi dlouh\u00fdm horizontem a nejist\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem.<\/li>\n
  8. J\u00e1dro s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed riziko korupce
    \n<\/b>Obrovsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny se stavbou jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, s sebou nesou obrovsk\u00e9 riziko korupce a rozkladu na\u0161eho politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/li>\n
  9. Jadern\u00e1 energetika tak\u00e9 produkuje emise CO2
    \n<\/b>Je bl\u00e1hov\u00e9 si myslet, \u017ee jadern\u00e1 energie m\u00e1 nulov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. I existuj\u00edc\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny maj\u00ed na sv\u011bdom\u00ed emise, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu. U nov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren se nejv\u00edce emis\u00ed uvoln\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i jejich stavb\u011b – samotn\u00e1 stavba je ob\u0159\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd je energeticky i materi\u00e1lov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd. U nov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren se proto ud\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za     78 a\u017e 178 gram\u016f CO2<\/a> na kWh elekt\u0159iny, kterou vyrob\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  10. Nov\u00fd jadern\u00fd projekt ohro\u017euje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost
    \n<\/b>Postavit reaktory dok\u00e1\u017ee nyn\u00ed jen hrstka firem z n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou problematick\u00e9. Francouzsk\u00e1 Areva je vy\u010derp\u00e1na     stavbou elektr\u00e1rny Hinkley Point<\/a> a americk\u00fd Westinghouse si pro\u0161el bankrotem<\/a>. S \u010dist\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtem nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ani firma z Ji\u017en\u00ed Korei, ve sv\u00e9 domovin\u011b je toti\u017e spjat\u00e1 se skand\u00e1lem s fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm dokumentace<\/a>, kter\u00fd vedl k odklonu zem\u011b od jadern\u00e9 energetiky a k tomu, \u017ee firma chce expandovat k n\u00e1m, kdy\u017e pro ni mo\u017enosti na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu vyschly. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9<\/a> reaktory jsou zase spojeny s rizikem pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost<\/a>. A je celkem jedno, zda Rusko a \u010c\u00edna usp\u011bj\u00ed v tendru na stavbu nov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, ji\u017e v tomto okam\u017eiku pracuj\u00ed na tom, aby si kv\u016fli tomuto projektu upevnili sv\u016fj mocensk\u00fd a politick\u00fd vliv v \u010cR.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    To jsou jen v bodech hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhrady, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me v\u016f\u010di stavb\u011b nov\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho reaktoru v \u010cR. V\u00edce informac\u00ed lze naj\u00edt <\/span>ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m stanovisku ekologick\u00fdch organizac<\/span><\/a>\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00fdch pod hlavi\u010dkou Zelen\u00e9ho kruhu.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se op\u011bt pustila do nesmysln\u00e9 diskuze o nov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b. K prakticky stejn\u00fdm argument\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsme sl\u00fdchali tak\u0159ka p\u0159ed 30 lety p\u0159i dostavb\u011b jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Temel\u00edn, p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed nov\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":3830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[25,26],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-3828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-obnovitelne-zdroje","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3828"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18626,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3828\/revisions\/18626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3828"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=3828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}