![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/10\/2a67dcfb-gp0strfro_web_size.jpg\")
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Celkov\u00e1 produkce potravin, do n\u00ed\u017e je zahrnuto nejen zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a jej\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bna, ale i doprava, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, balen\u00ed, prodej, spot\u0159eba a ztr\u00e1ty, p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edm emis\u00edm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a\u017e 37 %. V Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei se v roce 2015 zem\u011b zav\u00e1zaly k tomu, \u017ee do roku 2100 udr\u017e\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed pod hranic\u00ed 1,5 <\/span>o<\/span>C v\u016f\u010di p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/span> K tomu je t\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017eit celkov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/span> do roku 2030 zhruba o polovinu oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu a do roku 2050 dos\u00e1hnout uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 neutrality, tedy vypou\u0161t\u011bt stejn\u011b sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kolik jsou ekosyst\u00e9my schopny pohltit. Bez razantn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed nejen v energetice, doprav\u011b a pr\u016fmyslu, ale i v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u00a0 nem\u00e1me \u0161anci zm\u011bnu klimatu udr\u017eet v alespo\u0148 trochu snesiteln\u00fdch mez\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili, jak produkce jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f potravin – a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejen jich, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f \u010di aktivit – p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke klimatick\u00e9 krizi, m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u011b\u0159it jejich uhl\u00edkovou stopu. Pokud se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na potraviny, pak uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa vyjad\u0159uje mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z produkce, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdroby a dopravy potravin, v\u010detn\u011b emis\u00ed z likvidace jejich obal\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa se v\u011bt\u0161inou m\u011b\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed tzv. LCA konceptu, tedy posouzen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu v\u00fdrobku (LCA \u2013 life cycle assessment). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed z takov\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed pak mohou z\u00e1kazn\u00edci vyb\u00edrat produkty, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed. LCA se neomezuje pouze na sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad i na spot\u0159ebu vody \u010di vliv na eutrofizaci, tedy zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vod nadm\u011brn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u017eivin.<\/span><\/p>\n Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se prim\u00e1rn\u011b o tyto t\u0159i plyny:<\/span><\/p>\n Pokud obecn\u011b porovn\u00e1me n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky v mno\u017estv\u00ed vyprodukovan\u00e9ho CO<\/span>2<\/span> na 1 kg potraviny, vyjde n\u00e1m nejh\u016f\u0159e hov\u011bz\u00ed a ov\u010d\u00ed maso (zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli neefektivn\u00edmu za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016f) s 20\u201360 kg CO<\/span>2<\/span>, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1no ostatn\u00edm masem (vep\u0159ov\u00e9, dr\u016fbe\u017e) a vejci s hodnotou kolem 5\u201315 kg CO<\/span>2<\/span>, okolo 1\u20135 kg CO<\/span>2<\/span> maj\u00ed vegansk\u00e9 n\u00e1hra\u017eky masa, lu\u0161t\u011bniny a zelenina. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je porovn\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f na jednotku proteinu, p\u0159ece jen 1 kg masa m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivovou hodnotu ne\u017e kilogram t\u011bstovin \u010di raj\u010dat. I v tomto porovn\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina rostlinn\u00fdch potravin v\u00fdrazn\u011b l\u00e9pe ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina produkt\u016f \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch, i kdy\u017e jsou rozd\u00edly nepatrn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa produkce \u010desk\u00e9ho kapra z extenzivn\u00edho chovu, kter\u00e9ho si koup\u00edte p\u0159i v\u00fdlovu rybn\u00edka, bude men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u tofu vyroben\u00e9ho ze s\u00f3jov\u00fdch bob\u016f t\u0159eba z Kanady.<\/span><\/p>\n Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 porovn\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f potravin pot\u0159ebujeme zn\u00e1t data o jejich p\u016fvodu, zp\u016fsobu produkce a \u00fapravy atd. Obecn\u011b lze ale konstatovat, \u017ee omezen\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010derven\u00e9ho masa, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch produkt\u016f a v\u00fdrobk\u016f, kter\u00e9 k n\u00e1m putuj\u00ed z velk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed, je ten nejsnaz\u0161\u00ed krok, kter\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat pro omezen\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Pro \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 83 % zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy a vyprodukuje 60 % sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f z cel\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Chov zv\u00ed\u0159at m\u00e1 nav\u00edc na sv\u011bdom\u00ed 80 % odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e kv\u016fli p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed krmiv \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00f3ji \u2013, nebo kv\u016fli vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch pastvin.<\/span><\/p>\n Podle studie Greenpeace by lidstvo m\u011blo sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f alespo\u0148 o polovinu do roku 2050. Pro dokreslen\u00ed cel\u00e9 problematiky je t\u0159eba dodat, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 spot\u0159eba masa na osobu stoupla od roku 1961 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b. Nejde tedy o po\u017eadavek, kter\u00fd by znamenal tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed, \u017ee by ho lidstvo nemohlo zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u011b\u017en\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b jeden mocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, jak omezit sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny z produkce potravin, kter\u00e9 nakupuje a j\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159estat pl\u00fdtvat. Podle OSN skon\u010d\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v popelnic\u00edch nebo je jinak znehodnoceno a\u017e 1,3 miliardy tun potravin. V rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kam se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 i \u010cesko, p\u0159ipad\u00e1 40 % ztr\u00e1t na maloobchod a dom\u00e1cnosti; v bohat\u00fdch zem\u00edch vyhod\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 95\u2013115 kg potravin, zat\u00edmco v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch to je 6\u201311 kg.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Sv\u011btov\u00e1 populace do roku 2050 naroste ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch sedmi miliard na dev\u011bt miliard. To nemus\u00ed znamenat, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b mus\u00ed vzr\u016fst emise z produkce potravin, naopak. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 postupy, m\u00e9n\u011b \u201euhl\u00edkov\u011b\u201c n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 potraviny a omezen\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed jsou kroky nejen k omezen\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, ale ke sv\u011btu, v n\u011bm\u017e m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd dostatek j\u00eddla.<\/span><\/p>\n Celkov\u00e1 produkce potravin, do n\u00ed\u017e je zahrnuto nejen zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a jej\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bna, ale i doprava, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, balen\u00ed, prodej, spot\u0159eba a ztr\u00e1ty, p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edm emis\u00edm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":4492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2],"tags":[20,22,24],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-4490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","category-priroda","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-setrimeplanetu","tag-aktivni-spolecnost","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4490"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15657,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4490\/revisions\/15657"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4490"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=4490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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