{"id":5215,"date":"2019-12-10T16:21:20","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T14:21:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=5215"},"modified":"2026-06-29T11:58:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:58:31","slug":"pozary-pralesu-jsou-komplexni-problem-rika-fotografka-ktera-dokumentovala-domorode-kmeny-v-brazilii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/5215\/pozary-pralesu-jsou-komplexni-problem-rika-fotografka-ktera-dokumentovala-domorode-kmeny-v-brazilii\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8222;Po\u017e\u00e1ry prales\u016f jsou komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 fotografka, kter\u00e1 dokumentovala domorod\u00e9 kmeny v Braz\u00edlii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1 cestovala s kolegou Davidem T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00fdm do brazilsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a Amazonas, kde spole\u010dn\u011b fotili, jak leto\u0161n\u00ed ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry z\u00e1s\u00e1hly \u017eivoty b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde \u017eij\u00ed. &#8222;Ty lidi spojuje fakt, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161li o zna\u010dn\u00fd majetek,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee nejv\u00edce ji zas\u00e1hl p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ekologick\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 sho\u0159ela farma.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pro\u010d jste se rozhodli vydat se do Braz\u00edlie a nafotit sp\u00e1lenou zem?<br><\/strong>Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a po\u017e\u00e1ry n\u00e1s velmi zas\u00e1hly. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jsme, co bychom jako jednotlivci mohli ud\u011blat a rozhodli jsme se pomoc\u00ed na\u0161ich fotografi\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tomto probl\u00e9mu. Proto\u017ee oba dva r\u00e1di fot\u00edme lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, vyhledali jsme lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edmo posti\u017eeni po\u017e\u00e1ry a jejich ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a probl\u00e9my jsme zdokumentovali.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-blue-overlay caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" title=\"Organic Farmer and Remains of Forest Fires in Acre\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Small organic farmer Dona J\u00f4 from the State of Acre, Brazil, lost everything but her house because of 2019 forest fires. She wants to stay and plant vegetables, crops and trees again. Dona J\u00f4 has not always been an organic farmer - when she started 25 years ago, she was using chemical fertilizers and unintentionally poisoned several people including her son. Then she immediately switched to organic production even though it is much harder because the soil in Amazon is poor in nutrients. In the country where most of the production is heavily dependent on chemicals and genetically modified crops she sees herself as an organic seed keeper.\" class=\"wp-image-5218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/12252f49-gp0stu59s.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">Ekologick\u00e1 farm\u00e1\u0159ka Dona Jo p\u0159i\u0161la o svou farmu. (c) Greenpeace &#8211; Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Denisa \u0160terbov\u00e1 \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jak jste s m\u00edstn\u00edmi lidmi nav\u00e1zali kontakt?<br><\/strong>V Braz\u00edlii jsem \u017eila a mluv\u00edm plynule portugalsky. Navazovat kontakt s lidmi je pro m\u011b naprosto p\u0159irozen\u00e9 a v podstat\u011b d\u00edky t\u00e9to z\u00e1lib\u011b dnes hovo\u0159\u00edm p\u011bti jazyky. Domorod\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 hovo\u0159\u00ed portugalsky, p\u0159esto\u017ee si st\u00e1le udr\u017euj\u00ed i sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed jazyky. Do Braz\u00edlie jsme odjeli jen s n\u011bkolika kontakty a v podstat\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e1 organizace prob\u00edhala a\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b. P\u0159i za\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed mi velmi pomohly hlavn\u011b dv\u011b organizace &#8211; Cimi (Mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 rada) a Comissao Pro-Indio (Proindi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 komise) ve m\u011bst\u011b Rio Branco, kde pracuje jako vrchn\u00ed koordin\u00e1torka m\u00e1 kamar\u00e1dka &#8211; antropolo\u017eka Paula. Ob\u011b organizace mi poskytly p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 kontakty a pomohly napl\u00e1novat logistiku. D\u00edky tomu jsme se dok\u00e1zali dostat na sp\u00e1len\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed velmi rychle, nap\u0159\u00edklad kmen Huni Kuin jsme nav\u0161t\u00edvili jen p\u00e1r dn\u00ed po po\u017e\u00e1ru.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159ekvapilo v\u00e1s n\u011bco na m\u00edst\u011b?<br><\/strong>Braz\u00edlii zn\u00e1m dob\u0159e. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vlastn\u00edho focen\u00ed a organizace, tak m\u011b osobn\u011b nep\u0159ekvapilo v\u016fbec nic. P\u0159ekvapilo m\u011b snad jen to, \u017ee velkostatk\u00e1\u0159i a t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i d\u0159eva v\u016fbec nerespektuj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou vymezen\u00e9 z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Je n\u011bco, co spojuje lidi, kter\u00e9 jste v Amazonii potkali?<br><\/strong>V\u0161echny spojuje fakt, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161li o zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st majetku. Mapu a Fransisco jsou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci domorod\u00fdch kmen\u016f, Dona Jo je ekologick\u00e1 farm\u00e1\u0159ka.&nbsp; Osobn\u011b m\u011b jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh &#8211; asi proto, \u017ee jsem \u017eena &#8211; zas\u00e1hl \u00fapln\u011b nejv\u00edc. Je to velk\u00e1 bojovnice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jsou informace, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed o po\u017e\u00e1rech v \u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch \u00fapln\u00e9? Nechyb\u00ed v nich n\u011bjak\u00fd podstatn\u00fd aspekt?<br><\/strong>Za m\u011b je to ur\u010dit\u011b komplexnost cel\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu. M\u00e9dii letos prob\u011bhla zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee ho\u0159\u00ed Amazonie a \u017ee je to vina sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho prezidenta Jaira Bolsonaro. Nic na sv\u011bt\u011b ale nen\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9. Nechci se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Bolsonara zast\u00e1vat, sp\u00ed\u0161 naopak. Bolsonaro jasn\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 zelenou velkofarm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edm firm\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 pralesy k\u00e1cej\u00ed a vypaluj\u00ed. Pokud se ale pod\u00edv\u00e1me na statistiky, \u00fapln\u00e9ho vrcholu k\u00e1cen\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo u\u017e v roce 2004 za vl\u00e1dy levicov\u00e9ho prezidenta Luly da Silvy. A p\u0159esto\u017ee se poda\u0159ilo to omezit, k\u00e1celo a vypalovalo se i za vl\u00e1dy Dilmy Rousseouf, kter\u00e1 dokonce m\u011bla jako ministryni \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159edi Marinu Silvu, velkou ekologickou aktivistku. Ano, letos nastal v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vzr\u016fst oproti lo\u0148sk\u00e9mu roku, ale ten probl\u00e9m je dlouhodob\u00fd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-blue-overlay caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" title=\"Members of Huni Kuin Tribe in Brazil\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Members of Huni Kuin tribe inspect the destruction of forests neighbouring their home in the state of Acre, Brazil. The community suffered because of the massive forest fires in 2019. They are determined to reforest and establish a spiritual and cultural centre which would preserve their culture and knowledge about the natural medicine and serve as the shelter for Indigenous people in need.\" class=\"wp-image-5219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">Lid\u00e9 z kmene Huni Kuin p\u0159i\u0161li o prales vedle sv\u00e9 vesnice. (c) Greenpeace &#8211; Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Denisa \u0160terbov\u00e1 \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Co je tedy podle v\u00e1s ten hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod pro k\u00e1cen\u00ed a vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed prales\u016f?<br><\/strong>Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee fotografuji, jsem in\u017een\u00fdrkou ekonomie a v\u017edy m\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u00fahel pohledu. Pen\u00edze h\u00fdbou sv\u011btem a v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe to plat\u00ed dvojn\u00e1sob. Spousta lid\u00ed si p\u0159edstavuje, \u017ee v Amazonii \u017eije hrstka indi\u00e1n\u016f, ale v brazilsk\u00e9 Amazonii krom\u011b asi milionu p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel \u017eije je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch 23 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Z\u00e1konit\u011b se mus\u00edme zeptat: z \u010deho ti lid\u00e9 v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa \u017eij\u00ed? Pokud chceme probl\u00e9mu k\u00e1cen\u00ed pralesa porozum\u011bt, je pot\u0159eba se pod\u00edvat do historie. Velk\u00e1 amazonsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta byla os\u00eddlena v obdob\u00ed boomu kau\u010duku na konci 19. stolet\u00ed, lid\u00e9 se st\u011bhovali za vidinou bohatstv\u00ed z chud\u00e9ho severov\u00fdchodu. Kdy\u017e se semena kau\u010dukovn\u00edku dostala do Asie, p\u0159i\u0161la do regionu obrovsk\u00e1 chudoba. To se poda\u0159ilo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it a\u017e v roce 1957, kdy byla ve v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch amazonsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech ustanovena z\u00f3na s \u0159adou da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00falev. Do amazonsk\u00fdch m\u011bst p\u0159es\u00eddlily firmy, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b lid\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. A je dob\u0159e, \u017ee ta z\u00f3na vznikla, proto\u017ee kdyby byla ze dne na den zru\u0161ena, m\u00edstn\u00ed by museli asi za\u010d\u00edt lovit kapybary, aby p\u0159e\u017eili. Probl\u00e9m ov\u0161em je, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 podnikaj\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b uplat\u0148uj\u00ed klasick\u00fd brazilsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd model: p\u011bstuj\u00ed monokultury, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geneticky modifikovanou s\u00f3ju, a chovaj\u00ed skot na export. Uprost\u0159ed amazonsk\u00e9ho pralesa. To je naprosto absurdn\u00ed. A bohu\u017eel je tento ekonomick\u00fd model b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017e i v Argentin\u011b, Paraguayi, Bol\u00edvii a dal\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1tech.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e1 se tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it?&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><\/strong>V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed se zamyslet, z jak\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch aktivit by m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele mohli \u017e\u00edt, aby to bylo udr\u017eiteln\u00e9. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se sb\u011br para o\u0159ech\u016f \u010di amazonsk\u00fdch rostlin do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kosmetiky a l\u00e9\u010div. Ale co d\u00e1l? P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ovoce uprost\u0159ed pralesa nen\u00ed moc re\u00e1ln\u00e9, proto\u017ee amazonsk\u00e1 p\u016fda je extr\u00e9mn\u011b ne\u00farodn\u00e1. M\u011bl by to b\u00fdt \u00fakol sv\u011btov\u00fdch politik\u016f, v\u011bdc\u016f a ekonom\u016f se hluboce zamyslet, jak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity je mo\u017en\u00e9 v Amazonii udr\u017eiteln\u011b vykon\u00e1vat. Proto\u017ee je \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e9, \u017ee kdy\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed co j\u00edst, vyk\u00e1c\u00ed kus lesa a budou na n\u011bm p\u011bstovat s\u00f3ju, kterou pot\u00e9 snadno prodaj\u00ed. Naprosto souhlas\u00edm s t\u00edm, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba bojkotovat nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed giganty, kter\u00e9 s\u00f3ju a maso vykupuj\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele utvrzuj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee k\u00e1cen\u00ed pralesa za \u00fa\u010delem roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pastvin a plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je jedin\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ob\u017eivy. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ilo pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, pro\u010d Amazonie ho\u0159\u00ed, a lid\u00e9 za\u010dali p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad p\u016fvodem potravin, kter\u00e9 nakupuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 va\u0161e spolupr\u00e1ce s Greenpeace?<br><\/strong>\u010cesk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka Greenpeace n\u00e1m poskytla finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 jsme pou\u017eili na pokryt\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1klad\u016f na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt. Poskytli jsme Greenpeace na\u0161e fotografie a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00edme v jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Pevn\u011b douf\u00e1m, \u017ee na\u0161e fotografie a sv\u011bdectv\u00ed pomohou zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o probl\u00e9mu, a \u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edc obyvatel planety za\u010dne p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad udr\u017eitelnost\u00ed ekonomiky, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 osobn\u00ed spot\u0159ebou jednotlivc\u016f.<br><\/p>\n<div class=\"EmptyMessage\">Block content is empty. Check the block&#8217;s settings or remove it.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1 cestovala s kolegou Davidem T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00fdm do brazilsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a Amazonas, kde spole\u010dn\u011b fotili, jak leto\u0161n\u00ed ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry z\u00e1s\u00e1hly \u017eivoty b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde \u017eij\u00ed. &#8222;Ty lidi spojuje&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":5219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"[caption id=\"attachment_5219\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1200\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-5219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2019\/12\/9e49b9a7-gp0stu59t.jpg\" alt=\"Members of Huni Kuin Tribe in Brazil. \u00a9 Denisa \u0160terbov\u00e1 \/ Greenpeace\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/> Lid\u00e9 z kmene Huni Kuin p\u0159i\u0161li o prales vedle sv\u00e9 vesnice.[\/caption]","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-5215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5215"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25024,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions\/25024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5215"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}