{"id":5215,"date":"2019-12-10T16:21:20","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T14:21:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=5215"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:31:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:31:57","slug":"pozary-pralesu-jsou-komplexni-problem-rika-fotografka-ktera-dokumentovala-domorode-kmeny-v-brazilii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/5215\/pozary-pralesu-jsou-komplexni-problem-rika-fotografka-ktera-dokumentovala-domorode-kmeny-v-brazilii\/","title":{"rendered":"„Po\u017e\u00e1ry prales\u016f jsou komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 fotografka, kter\u00e1 dokumentovala domorod\u00e9 kmeny v Braz\u00edlii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1 cestovala s kolegou Davidem T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00fdm do brazilsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a Amazonas, kde spole\u010dn\u011b fotili, jak leto\u0161n\u00ed ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry z\u00e1s\u00e1hly \u017eivoty b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde \u017eij\u00ed. „Ty lidi spojuje fakt, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161li o zna\u010dn\u00fd majetek,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee nejv\u00edce ji zas\u00e1hl p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ekologick\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 sho\u0159ela farma.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d jste se rozhodli vydat se do Braz\u00edlie a nafotit sp\u00e1lenou zem?
<\/strong>Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a po\u017e\u00e1ry n\u00e1s velmi zas\u00e1hly. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jsme, co bychom jako jednotlivci mohli ud\u011blat a rozhodli jsme se pomoc\u00ed na\u0161ich fotografi\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tomto probl\u00e9mu. Proto\u017ee oba dva r\u00e1di fot\u00edme lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, vyhledali jsme lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edmo posti\u017eeni po\u017e\u00e1ry a jejich ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a probl\u00e9my jsme zdokumentovali.<\/p>\n\n

\"Organic
Ekologick\u00e1 farm\u00e1\u0159ka Dona Jo p\u0159i\u0161la o svou farmu. (c) Greenpeace – Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1
\u00a9 Denisa \u0160terbov\u00e1 \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Jak jste s m\u00edstn\u00edmi lidmi nav\u00e1zali kontakt?
<\/strong>V Braz\u00edlii jsem \u017eila a mluv\u00edm plynule portugalsky. Navazovat kontakt s lidmi je pro m\u011b naprosto p\u0159irozen\u00e9 a v podstat\u011b d\u00edky t\u00e9to z\u00e1lib\u011b dnes hovo\u0159\u00edm p\u011bti jazyky. Domorod\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 hovo\u0159\u00ed portugalsky, p\u0159esto\u017ee si st\u00e1le udr\u017euj\u00ed i sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed jazyky. Do Braz\u00edlie jsme odjeli jen s n\u011bkolika kontakty a v podstat\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e1 organizace prob\u00edhala a\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b. P\u0159i za\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed mi velmi pomohly hlavn\u011b dv\u011b organizace – Cimi (Mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 rada) a Comissao Pro-Indio (Proindi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 komise) ve m\u011bst\u011b Rio Branco, kde pracuje jako vrchn\u00ed koordin\u00e1torka m\u00e1 kamar\u00e1dka – antropolo\u017eka Paula. Ob\u011b organizace mi poskytly p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 kontakty a pomohly napl\u00e1novat logistiku. D\u00edky tomu jsme se dok\u00e1zali dostat na sp\u00e1len\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed velmi rychle, nap\u0159\u00edklad kmen Huni Kuin jsme nav\u0161t\u00edvili jen p\u00e1r dn\u00ed po po\u017e\u00e1ru. <\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ekvapilo v\u00e1s n\u011bco na m\u00edst\u011b?
<\/strong>Braz\u00edlii zn\u00e1m dob\u0159e. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vlastn\u00edho focen\u00ed a organizace, tak m\u011b osobn\u011b nep\u0159ekvapilo v\u016fbec nic. P\u0159ekvapilo m\u011b snad jen to, \u017ee velkostatk\u00e1\u0159i a t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i d\u0159eva v\u016fbec nerespektuj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou vymezen\u00e9 z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n

Je n\u011bco, co spojuje lidi, kter\u00e9 jste v Amazonii potkali?
<\/strong>V\u0161echny spojuje fakt, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161li o zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st majetku. Mapu a Fransisco jsou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci domorod\u00fdch kmen\u016f, Dona Jo je ekologick\u00e1 farm\u00e1\u0159ka.  Osobn\u011b m\u011b jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh – asi proto, \u017ee jsem \u017eena – zas\u00e1hl \u00fapln\u011b nejv\u00edc. Je to velk\u00e1 bojovnice. <\/p>\n\n

Jsou informace, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed o po\u017e\u00e1rech v \u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch \u00fapln\u00e9? Nechyb\u00ed v nich n\u011bjak\u00fd podstatn\u00fd aspekt?
<\/strong>Za m\u011b je to ur\u010dit\u011b komplexnost cel\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu. M\u00e9dii letos prob\u011bhla zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee ho\u0159\u00ed Amazonie a \u017ee je to vina sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho prezidenta Jaira Bolsonaro. Nic na sv\u011bt\u011b ale nen\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9. Nechci se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Bolsonara zast\u00e1vat, sp\u00ed\u0161 naopak. Bolsonaro jasn\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 zelenou velkofarm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edm firm\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 pralesy k\u00e1cej\u00ed a vypaluj\u00ed. Pokud se ale pod\u00edv\u00e1me na statistiky, \u00fapln\u00e9ho vrcholu k\u00e1cen\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo u\u017e v roce 2004 za vl\u00e1dy levicov\u00e9ho prezidenta Luly da Silvy. A p\u0159esto\u017ee se poda\u0159ilo to omezit, k\u00e1celo a vypalovalo se i za vl\u00e1dy Dilmy Rousseouf, kter\u00e1 dokonce m\u011bla jako ministryni \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159edi Marinu Silvu, velkou ekologickou aktivistku. Ano, letos nastal v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vzr\u016fst oproti lo\u0148sk\u00e9mu roku, ale ten probl\u00e9m je dlouhodob\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n

\"Members
Lid\u00e9 z kmene Huni Kuin p\u0159i\u0161li o prales vedle sv\u00e9 vesnice. (c) Greenpeace – Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1
\u00a9 Denisa \u0160terbov\u00e1 \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Co je tedy podle v\u00e1s ten hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod pro k\u00e1cen\u00ed a vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed prales\u016f?
<\/strong>Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee fotografuji, jsem in\u017een\u00fdrkou ekonomie a v\u017edy m\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u00fahel pohledu. Pen\u00edze h\u00fdbou sv\u011btem a v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe to plat\u00ed dvojn\u00e1sob. Spousta lid\u00ed si p\u0159edstavuje, \u017ee v Amazonii \u017eije hrstka indi\u00e1n\u016f, ale v brazilsk\u00e9 Amazonii krom\u011b asi milionu p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel \u017eije je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch 23 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Z\u00e1konit\u011b se mus\u00edme zeptat: z \u010deho ti lid\u00e9 v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa \u017eij\u00ed? Pokud chceme probl\u00e9mu k\u00e1cen\u00ed pralesa porozum\u011bt, je pot\u0159eba se pod\u00edvat do historie. Velk\u00e1 amazonsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta byla os\u00eddlena v obdob\u00ed boomu kau\u010duku na konci 19. stolet\u00ed, lid\u00e9 se st\u011bhovali za vidinou bohatstv\u00ed z chud\u00e9ho severov\u00fdchodu. Kdy\u017e se semena kau\u010dukovn\u00edku dostala do Asie, p\u0159i\u0161la do regionu obrovsk\u00e1 chudoba. To se poda\u0159ilo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it a\u017e v roce 1957, kdy byla ve v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch amazonsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech ustanovena z\u00f3na s \u0159adou da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00falev. Do amazonsk\u00fdch m\u011bst p\u0159es\u00eddlily firmy, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b lid\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. A je dob\u0159e, \u017ee ta z\u00f3na vznikla, proto\u017ee kdyby byla ze dne na den zru\u0161ena, m\u00edstn\u00ed by museli asi za\u010d\u00edt lovit kapybary, aby p\u0159e\u017eili. Probl\u00e9m ov\u0161em je, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 podnikaj\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b uplat\u0148uj\u00ed klasick\u00fd brazilsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd model: p\u011bstuj\u00ed monokultury, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geneticky modifikovanou s\u00f3ju, a chovaj\u00ed skot na export. Uprost\u0159ed amazonsk\u00e9ho pralesa. To je naprosto absurdn\u00ed. A bohu\u017eel je tento ekonomick\u00fd model b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017e i v Argentin\u011b, Paraguayi, Bol\u00edvii a dal\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1tech.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

D\u00e1 se tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it?  
<\/strong>V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed se zamyslet, z jak\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch aktivit by m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele mohli \u017e\u00edt, aby to bylo udr\u017eiteln\u00e9. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se sb\u011br para o\u0159ech\u016f \u010di amazonsk\u00fdch rostlin do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kosmetiky a l\u00e9\u010div. Ale co d\u00e1l? P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ovoce uprost\u0159ed pralesa nen\u00ed moc re\u00e1ln\u00e9, proto\u017ee amazonsk\u00e1 p\u016fda je extr\u00e9mn\u011b ne\u00farodn\u00e1. M\u011bl by to b\u00fdt \u00fakol sv\u011btov\u00fdch politik\u016f, v\u011bdc\u016f a ekonom\u016f se hluboce zamyslet, jak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity je mo\u017en\u00e9 v Amazonii udr\u017eiteln\u011b vykon\u00e1vat. Proto\u017ee je \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e9, \u017ee kdy\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed co j\u00edst, vyk\u00e1c\u00ed kus lesa a budou na n\u011bm p\u011bstovat s\u00f3ju, kterou pot\u00e9 snadno prodaj\u00ed. Naprosto souhlas\u00edm s t\u00edm, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba bojkotovat nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed giganty, kter\u00e9 s\u00f3ju a maso vykupuj\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele utvrzuj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee k\u00e1cen\u00ed pralesa za \u00fa\u010delem roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pastvin a plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je jedin\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ob\u017eivy. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ilo pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, pro\u010d Amazonie ho\u0159\u00ed, a lid\u00e9 za\u010dali p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad p\u016fvodem potravin, kter\u00e9 nakupuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 va\u0161e spolupr\u00e1ce s Greenpeace?
<\/strong>\u010cesk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka Greenpeace n\u00e1m poskytla finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 jsme pou\u017eili na pokryt\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1klad\u016f na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt. Poskytli jsme Greenpeace na\u0161e fotografie a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00edme v jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Pevn\u011b douf\u00e1m, \u017ee na\u0161e fotografie a sv\u011bdectv\u00ed pomohou zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o probl\u00e9mu, a \u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edc obyvatel planety za\u010dne p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad udr\u017eitelnost\u00ed ekonomiky, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 osobn\u00ed spot\u0159ebou jednotlivc\u016f.
<\/p>\n

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Denisa \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1 cestovala s kolegou Davidem T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00fdm do brazilsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a Amazonas, kde spole\u010dn\u011b fotili, jak leto\u0161n\u00ed ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry z\u00e1s\u00e1hly \u017eivoty b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde \u017eij\u00ed. „Ty lidi spojuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":5219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"[caption id=\"attachment_5219\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1200\"]\"Members Lid\u00e9 z kmene Huni Kuin p\u0159i\u0161li o prales vedle sv\u00e9 vesnice.[\/caption]","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-5215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5215"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15613,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions\/15613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5215"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}