{"id":5764,"date":"2020-02-05T17:07:39","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T15:07:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=5764"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:31:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:31:46","slug":"spinava-hra-okolo-zalohovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/5764\/spinava-hra-okolo-zalohovani\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160pinav\u00e1 hra okolo z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Novela z\u00e1kona o obalech se pr\u00e1v\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b. Nejt\u0159askav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm t\u00e9matem je absence zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed PET lahv\u00ed a hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch plechovek. Odp\u016frci zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1loh, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm subjekty profituj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, ale p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b i ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, h\u00e1j\u00ed nezaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu celou \u0159adou zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo nepravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed. I tak st\u00e1le existuje \u0161ance, \u017ee poslanci otev\u0159ou cestu pro z\u00e1lohovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m. 
<\/p>\n\n

Kolik to bude st\u00e1t? <\/h2>\n\n

Odp\u016frci z\u00e1loh, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm spole\u010dnost EKO-KOM, kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s obalov\u00fdm odpadem provozuje, ale i Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu bude \u010cesko a da\u0148ov\u00e9 poplatn\u00edky st\u00e1t miliardy. To je ov\u0161em informace naprosto zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Za sb\u011br, t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed, recyklaci \u010di likvidaci odpadu z obal\u016f jsou v r\u00e1mci tzv. roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti v\u00fdrobce odpov\u011bdni ti, kte\u0159\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdrobky s obalem na trh. Plat\u00ed za st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m a platili by i za zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Dlouhodob\u011b to opakuje i jeden z v\u00fdrobc\u016f \u2013 Karlovarsk\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vody (KVM), kter\u00fd si dokonce nechal zpracovat nez\u00e1vislou anal\u00fdzu<\/a>, kolik by zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1lo a jak by byl syst\u00e9m udr\u017eiteln\u00fd. Zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, tedy investici zhruba 2,45 miliardy korun a n\u00e1klady, by nesl pr\u016fmysl. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ji\u017e te\u010f se n\u00e1klady za likvidaci obal\u016f prom\u00edtaj\u00ed do ceny v\u00fdrobk\u016f a podobn\u00e9 to bude i se z\u00e1lohami. Je ov\u0161em jen na spot\u0159ebiteli, zda si koup\u00ed vodu v plastu a zaplat\u00ed i za l\u00e1hev a jej\u00ed likvidaci, \u010di si nato\u010d\u00ed vodu z kohoutku. Ale z dan\u00ed se sb\u011br obalov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f neplat\u00ed. Zku\u0161enosti z ciziny ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee na z\u00e1lohov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu profituj\u00ed i obchodn\u00edci, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed pen\u00edze z \u201enevyzvednut\u00fdch\u201c z\u00e1loh. Podle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy<\/a> provoz syst\u00e9mu pokryj\u00ed jeho ro\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Syst\u00e9m toti\u017e vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 na prodeji \u010dist\u00e9ho a vyt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, poplatc\u00edch od producent\u016f a na neproplacen\u00fdch z\u00e1loh\u00e1ch od z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n

P\u0159estanou \u010ce\u0161i t\u0159\u00eddit?<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco v t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed odpadu jsou \u010ce\u0161i premianti, v recyklaci siln\u011b pokulh\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Zrecykluje se odhadem \u2153 plast\u016f, a to se do toho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 i materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, tedy v\u00fdroba tuh\u00fdch alternativn\u00edch paliv, kter\u00e1 se sp\u00e1l\u00ed. PET lahve jsou ov\u0161em nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druhem plastov\u00e9ho odpadu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se nejl\u00e9pe recykluj\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b aby se z petky dala op\u011bt vyrobit petka, je t\u0159eba zajistit vysokou m\u00edru \u010distoty a zamezit mo\u017en\u00e9 kontaminaci z ostatn\u00edho odpadu. Tomu z\u00e1lohy v\u00edce ne\u017e nahr\u00e1vaj\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat zp\u011btn\u011b surovinu v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kvalit\u011b. Sociologick\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee by byli m\u00e9n\u011b motivovan\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddit, nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm podlo\u017eeno. Naopak 97 % lid\u00ed uvedlo v sociologick\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu<\/a> agentury Kantar, \u017ee by t\u0159\u00eddilo i po zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1loh. Podobn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti jsou i ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1loh by tak vylep\u0161ilo jak t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed, tak recyklaci PET lahv\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako prevence pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bch typ\u016f plast\u016f, kter\u00e9 se \u0161patn\u011b recykluj\u00ed, nen\u00ed o n\u011b z\u00e1jem mezi zpracovateli a PET ve \u017elut\u00fdch kontejnerech jejich sb\u011br a likvidaci v sou\u010dasnosti prakticky dotuje.  
<\/p>\n\n

Nejen PET, ale i hlin\u00edk\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n

Zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1loh by vy\u0159e\u0161ilo i probl\u00e9m se zp\u011btn\u00fdm odb\u011brem a recyklac\u00ed hlin\u00edku. Jen pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed: \u010cesko se zav\u00e1zalo, \u017ee do roku 2029 \u201esesb\u00edr\u00e1\u201c 90 % plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f, ty budou nav\u00edc muset obsahovat i 25 % recyklovan\u00e9 suroviny. Podobn\u00e9 c\u00edle v\u0161ak plat\u00ed i pro hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 plechovky. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b podobn\u00e9 c\u00edle nen\u00ed schopna plnit bez z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd by pokr\u00fdval hlin\u00edk i PET. Skand\u00e1ln\u00ed je, \u017ee \u010cesko u\u017e nyn\u00ed chce v\u00fdjimku z recykla\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f na hlin\u00edk (50 % v roce 2025). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nem\u00e1 pl\u00e1n, v\u010detn\u011b vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f, jak dos\u00e1hnout po\u017eadovan\u00e9 m\u00edry zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odb\u011bru 90 % v roce 2029 plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed a c\u00edl\u016f pro obsah recyklovan\u00e9ho pod\u00edl\u016f PETu a hlin\u00edku v lahv\u00edch a plechovk\u00e1ch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b v\u00edme, \u017ee syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd funguje \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v des\u00edtk\u00e1ch zem\u00ed, nechceme.       
<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Budou se lahve znovu plnit? <\/h2>\n\n

Jak by z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vypadal, je do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry v rukou regul\u00e1tor\u016f, tedy st\u00e1tu (M\u017dP), kte\u0159\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed podm\u00ednky a mohou prosadit pro ty n\u00e1poje, kde to je vhodn\u00e9, zaveden\u00ed znovu plniteln\u00fdch lahv\u00ed. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ten, kdo p\u0159ipravuje odpadovou a obalovou legislativu, posoudil LCA (life cycle assessment) posouzen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, jin\u00fdmi slovy dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve v\u0161ech f\u00e1z\u00edch (v\u00fdroba, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, likvidace) r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh (plniteln\u00e9, neplniteln\u00e9, kombinace), a z\u00e1rove\u0148 porovnal se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b na to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 studie V\u0160CHT<\/a>, kter\u00e1 porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m se syst\u00e9mem z\u00e1lohovan\u00fdch lahv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou znovu plniteln\u00e9, a z n\u011bj jednozna\u010dn\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed, \u017ee z pohledu dopad\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je syst\u00e9m z\u00e1loh cca o 30 % v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.    
<\/p>\n\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd odpad, dobr\u00fd odpad!<\/h2>\n\n

Pro n\u00e1s v Greenpeace je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v cel\u00e9 debat\u011b o z\u00e1loh\u00e1ch dodat to nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak \u0159e\u0161it plastovou a odpadovou celoplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi, je ho produkovat co nejm\u00e9n\u011b. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch obal\u016f. Kupovat vodu stejn\u00e9 kvality, jako n\u00e1m te\u010de z kohoutku, zabalenou v plastu je po\u0161etilost. Firmy, kter\u00e9 to mysl\u00ed s udr\u017eitelnost\u00ed a ochranou p\u0159\u00edrody v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, mus\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zet s inovacemi a nov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, jak zbo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm doru\u010dovat bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch obal\u016f. Realita dne\u0161ka je ov\u0161em takov\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e z\u00e1vislost na jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch plastech a obalech je tak velik\u00e1, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 zm\u011bna nep\u0159ijde ze dne na den. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed a hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch plechovek je ale cestou, jak st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m vylep\u0161it a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit princip\u016fm ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Jsi pro zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Podepi\u0161 v\u00fdzvu poslanc\u016fm<\/a><\/div>\n\n

<\/p>\n

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Novela z\u00e1kona o obalech se pr\u00e1v\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b. Nejt\u0159askav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm t\u00e9matem je absence zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed PET lahv\u00ed a hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch plechovek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":5772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[21,22],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-5764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-plast-je-past","tag-setrimeplanetu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5764"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15580,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5764\/revisions\/15580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5764"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}