{"id":5867,"date":"2020-02-25T12:22:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T11:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=5867"},"modified":"2023-12-05T10:38:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T09:38:12","slug":"katastroficke-pozary-v-australii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/5867\/katastroficke-pozary-v-australii\/","title":{"rendered":"Katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry v Austr\u00e1lii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry v Austr\u00e1lii jsou uk\u00e1zkou dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 krize <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Apokalyptick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny z Austr\u00e1lie ukazuj\u00ed, jak ni\u010divou s\u00edlu maj\u00ed zu\u0159iv\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry. Vedou k \u00famrt\u00edm, vyh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed tis\u00edce lid\u00ed z jejich domov\u016f a zachv\u00e1tily u\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed o plo\u0161e milion\u016f hektar\u016f. V plamenech hyne i divo\u010dina. Jak po\u017e\u00e1ry zhor\u0161ila zm\u011bna klimatu? A jak se jim d\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit? Austr\u00e1lie \u010del\u00ed neb\u00fdvale siln\u00fdm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si u\u017e vy\u017e\u00e1daly nejm\u00e9n\u011b 23 lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f. Prudk\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry berou rodin\u00e1m domovy a decimuj\u00ed i populace jednoho z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch australsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at \u2013 koaly \u2013 i dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem se objevuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, jak klimatick\u00e1 krize umoc\u0148uje katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry, zp\u016fsobuje nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed a ni\u010d\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pod\u00edvejme se na dosavadn\u00ed fakta.<\/p>\n\n

Kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Austr\u00e1lie po\u017e\u00e1ry postihly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V podstat\u011b cel\u00fd kontinent. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 krut\u011b se projevuj\u00ed v Nov\u00e9m Ji\u017en\u00edm Walesu, a to zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli hust\u00e9mu os\u00eddlen\u00ed ve velkom\u011bstech jako Sydney nebo Canberra a jejich okol\u00ed. Siln\u011b ale byla zasa\u017eena i Viktorie, ji\u017en\u00ed st\u00e1t, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Melbourne. Z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku tohoto st\u00e1tu poch\u00e1zej\u00ed sn\u00edmky lid\u00ed \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00edch na z\u00e1chranu z mo\u0159e na pl\u00e1\u017ei, kter\u00e1 je ze v\u0161ech stran obklopen\u00e1 ohn\u011bm. Mnoho po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f zu\u0159\u00ed i v Queenslandu (na severov\u00fdchod\u011b Austr\u00e1lie, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed m\u011bsta Brisbane a Cairns) nebo ve st\u00e1tech Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie a Ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Andrew Quilty \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 \u0161kody po\u017e\u00e1ry nap\u00e1chaly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Nar\u016fst\u00e1 po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed (dosud minim\u00e1ln\u011b 23 mrtv\u00fdch osob) a des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch se st\u00e1le poh\u0159e\u0161uj\u00ed. Jen v Nov\u00e9m Ji\u017en\u00edm Walesu vyho\u0159elo p\u0159es 1500 domov\u016f. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch zpr\u00e1v se ji\u017e ohe\u0148 zmocnil \u00fazem\u00ed o plo\u0161e 10,7 milionu hektar\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rozloze Anglie. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: p\u0159i masivn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1rech v Amazonii lehlo popelem na 900 000 hektar\u016f a v Kalifornii t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 800 000 hektar\u016f. Ekologov\u00e9 z Univerzity v Sydney odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee ohe\u0148 zabil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl miliardy zv\u00ed\u0159at v\u010detn\u011b tis\u00edc\u016f koal, kter\u00e9 plamen\u016fm nedovedou ut\u00edkat dostate\u010dn\u011b rychle. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v Sydney a Brisbane dlouhodob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b a nyn\u00ed se d\u00fdchac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b umoc\u0148uj\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u d\u011bt\u00ed, star\u0161\u00edch osob nebo t\u011bch, kdo trp\u00ed astmatem a dal\u0161\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ale dol\u00e9h\u00e1 i na sousedn\u00ed Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, p\u0159esto\u017ee je od po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f vzd\u00e1len\u00fd p\u0159es tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f. Zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 ledovce se zbarvily do \u0161pinav\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 n\u00e1sledkem prachu a \u010d\u00e1stic p\u0159iv\u00e1t\u00fdch z ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed australsk\u00e9 bu\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n

\u010c\u00edm jsou po\u017e\u00e1ry zp\u016fsoben\u00e9? Copak v Austr\u00e1lii neho\u0159\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na vin\u011b je siln\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho a rekordn\u00ed vlny veder. Na severov\u00fdchod\u011b Austr\u00e1lie, kde se po\u017e\u00e1ry projevuj\u00ed nejmocn\u011bji, byla zachv\u00e1cena nejhor\u0161\u00edmi suchy v historii. V roce 2019 bylo rekordn\u00ed sucho za obdob\u00ed od ledna do srpna zaznamen\u00e1no v mnoha dnes ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edch oblastech. V listopadu austral\u0161t\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9 zdokumentovali v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed den, kdy v cel\u00e9 Austr\u00e1lii v\u016fbec nezapr\u0161elo. Teploty z\u00e1vratn\u011b nar\u016fstaj\u00ed. Rekordy padly v polovin\u011b prosince a na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020 vy\u0161plhaly op\u011bt v\u00fd\u0161. V mnoha posti\u017een\u00fdch oblastech teploty vyst\u0159elily do v\u00fd\u0161e okolo 45 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Nejrozp\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem se za\u010d\u00e1tkem ledna stalo p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Sydney s 48,9 stupn\u011b. V tomto ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed k po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm v Austr\u00e1lii obvykle doch\u00e1z\u00ed, ale tentokr\u00e1t kv\u016fli zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu za\u010daly d\u0159\u00edve, trvaj\u00ed d\u00e9le a jsou v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Kv\u016fli problematick\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed je tak\u00e9 mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed si s po\u017e\u00e1ry poradit b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi metodami.<\/p>\n\n

Jak na krizi reaguje vl\u00e1da?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na pomoc s evakuac\u00ed a ha\u0161en\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f byla nasazena arm\u00e1da v takov\u00e9m rozsahu, kter\u00fd Austr\u00e1lie nepamatuje od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Premi\u00e9r Scott Morrison nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010del\u00ed kritice za nedostate\u010dnou anga\u017eovanost a nep\u0159\u00edtomnost v m\u00edst\u011b po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, a rovn\u011b\u017e za zleh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed role klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Vy\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no mu bylo mimo jin\u00e9 to, \u017ee v dob\u011b, kdy prosincov\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry vypukly obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 siln\u011b, tr\u00e1vil zrovna dovolenou na Havaji. Lid\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 Austr\u00e1lii se ale aktivizuj\u00ed, nab\u00edzej\u00ed ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, l\u00e9ky a potraviny t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry postihly. Hasi\u010di a hasi\u010dky, mezi nimi\u017e je \u0159ada neplacen\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, ne\u00fanavn\u011b bojuj\u00ed s ohn\u011bm a zahra\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivoty a domovy.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Kiran Ridley \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Co vl\u00e1da d\u011bl\u00e1 s klimatickou kriz\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Rozhodn\u011b mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e by mohla. V roce 2019 byla Austr\u00e1lie druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem uhl\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Uhl\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m klimatick\u00e9 krize, kter\u00e1 sezonu po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f zhor\u0161uje. Australsk\u00e9 emise v posledn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech letech stoupaj\u00ed a vl\u00e1da nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd pl\u00e1n, jak tento trend zvr\u00e1tit. Morrison dokonce dlouho zpochyb\u0148oval spojen\u00ed mezi podm\u00ednkami umoc\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi po\u017e\u00e1ry a zm\u011bnou klimatu, proto\u017ee to podle n\u011bj nebylo dostate\u010dn\u011b \u201ev\u011brohodn\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Australsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se mus\u00ed vyrovnat nejen s bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky katastrofy, ale tak\u00e9 r\u00e1zn\u011b zakro\u010dit a sn\u00ed\u017eit emise, aby se omezil dopad klimatick\u00e9 krize jak na obyvatelstvo Austr\u00e1lie, tak na dal\u0161\u00ed lidi jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Vl\u00e1dy cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v tom, \u017ee mus\u00ed jasn\u011b spojit australsk\u00e9 katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry se stavem glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 pohotovosti. Katastrofick\u00fdm dopad\u016fm oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed planety lze zabr\u00e1nit jen tehdy, za\u010dne-li se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017eovat spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

V\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry v Austr\u00e1lii jsou uk\u00e1zkou dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 krize  Apokalyptick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny z Austr\u00e1lie ukazuj\u00ed, jak ni\u010divou s\u00edlu maj\u00ed zu\u0159iv\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry. Vedou k \u00famrt\u00edm, vyh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed tis\u00edce lid\u00ed z jejich domov\u016f a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":5870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[35],"class_list":["post-5867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","p4-page-type-magazin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5867"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6076,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5867\/revisions\/6076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5867"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}