{"id":5881,"date":"2020-02-22T15:05:12","date_gmt":"2020-02-22T14:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=5881"},"modified":"2023-12-05T10:38:39","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T09:38:39","slug":"nejcastejsi-pricinou-lesnich-pozaru-je-clovek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/5881\/nejcastejsi-pricinou-lesnich-pozaru-je-clovek\/","title":{"rendered":"Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f je \u010dlov\u011bk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
\u00a9 Kiran Ridley \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Rozhovor s tiskov\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm Hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho sboru hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy Martinem Kavkou o suchu a lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1rech. <\/em><\/p>\n\n

Jak \u010dast\u00e9 jsou lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V obdob\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s tr\u00e1p\u00ed u\u017e dva nebo t\u0159i roky, jsou lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. J\u00e1 jako mluv\u010d\u00ed a vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel v Praze vid\u00edm, \u017ee tady se lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry neobjevuj\u00ed tak \u010dasto jako v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u010ceska. My tu obecn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00edme sp\u00ed\u0161e po\u017e\u00e1ry travin a lesopark\u016f, ale nejedn\u00e1 se o rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry toho typu, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v Austr\u00e1lii. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry se ale objevuj\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Liberecku jednou za rok nebo na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b. Kdy\u017e to shrnu: po\u017e\u00e1ry jsou ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m po\u010dtu, a to pr\u00e1v\u011b v obdob\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho sucha, ale nejsou to po\u017e\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 by hasi\u010de zam\u011bstnaly na t\u00fdden \u2013 po\u017e\u00e1ry jsou men\u0161\u00edho charakteru a da\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1m je podchytit a uhasit za den, za dva.<\/p>\n\n

Zm\u011bnil se zp\u016fsob pr\u00e1ce hasi\u010d\u016f b\u011bhem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Hodn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dobrovoln\u00e9 jednotky a sna\u017e\u00edme se s nimi spolupracovat, aby byly v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00edce p\u0159ipraveny a byly k dispozici, pokud by do\u0161lo k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u017e\u00e1ru. Ale dop\u0159edu takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti ovlivn\u00edme maxim\u00e1ln\u011b prevenc\u00ed \u2013 t\u00edm, \u017ee budeme lidem \u0159\u00edkat, aby se chovali obez\u0159etn\u011b, nerozd\u011bl\u00e1vali v lese ohe\u0148, nekou\u0159ili tam. A tomu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed i vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky v obdob\u00ed sucha. Kdy\u017e je vyd\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav nebo kdy\u017e kraj vyd\u00e1 tzv. na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se zp\u0159es\u0148uje, co<\/em> se nesm\u00ed d\u011blat a kde<\/em> se to nesm\u00ed d\u011blat. Jsou to obecn\u00e9 v\u011bci: rozd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b, kou\u0159en\u00ed v lese (nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad pades\u00e1t metr\u016f od lesa), z\u00e1bavn\u00ed pyrotechnika. Tyto informace a vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed k tomu, aby se lid\u00e9 chovali obez\u0159etn\u011b, nebo je to k tomu alespo\u0148 nab\u00e1d\u00e1. Minul\u00fd rok jsme zaznamenali \u00fasp\u011bch, co se t\u00fd\u010de zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee se zna\u010dn\u011b medializovalo, tak\u00e9 informace o suchu se objevovaly v m\u00e9di\u00edch. A v Praze jsme se instrukce na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sna\u017eili dostat do m\u00e9di\u00ed a k lidem, tak\u017ee jsme pot\u00e9 zaznamenali pokles rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f. Pot\u00fdkali jsme se sp\u00ed\u0161e s drobnostmi, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo rychle uhasit. <\/p>\n\n

Tak\u017ee lid\u00e9 na prevenci sly\u0161\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

J\u00e1 mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ano. A kdy\u017e budeme d\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edklady po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f v \u0158ecku \u010di Austr\u00e1lii, tak lid\u00e9 budou obez\u0159etn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nebudou pou\u017e\u00edvat otev\u0159en\u00fd ohe\u0148.<\/p>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji za to m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk. Bu\u010f nedbalost\u00ed, kdy\u017e rozd\u011bl\u00e1 t\u00e1bor\u00e1k v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nebo kdy\u017e kou\u0159\u00ed v lese a odhod\u00ed nedopalek nebo ten ohe\u0148 zap\u00e1l\u00ed \u00famysln\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny po\u017e\u00e1ru v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou \u00fadery blesku, ale to jsou pouze ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady.<\/p>\n\n

Lze pova\u017eovat za prevenci i t\u0159eba nesek\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou traviny vlh\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b. Such\u00e1 tr\u00e1va d\u011bl\u00e1 asi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. To je p\u0159\u00edpad Prahy, kde p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 les\u016f nem\u00e1me, ale je tu hodn\u011b travin. Kdy\u017e se tr\u00e1va m\u00e9n\u011b sek\u00e1 a je zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, tak je taky m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k tomu, aby na n\u00ed vznikl po\u017e\u00e1r. Ale ovliv\u0148uje to tak\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru. Pokud u\u017e n\u011bkdo rozd\u011bl\u00e1 ohe\u0148 a ta louka je zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, po\u017e\u00e1r se tolik ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a n\u011bkdy i uhasne s\u00e1m, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u00e1me v\u00edce \u010dasu p\u0159ijet a uhasit jej. Je to dobr\u00e1 prevence p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru, proto\u017ee to nejhor\u0161\u00ed, co se objevuje v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a lesech, je pr\u00e1v\u011b rychl\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se do toho je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1 v\u00edtr, tak je to skoro neuhasiteln\u00e9 a hasi\u010di se mus\u00ed soust\u0159edit sp\u00ed\u0161e na oblasti, kde ohe\u0148 je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed \u2013 d\u011blat tam p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky nebo to preventivn\u011b zkr\u00e1p\u011bt vodou. Nebo kdy\u017e ho\u0159\u00ed louka, d\u011bl\u00e1 se tam pruh ornice: zlikviduje se to, co by mohlo ho\u0159et, aby po\u017e\u00e1r nep\u0159esko\u010dil d\u00e1l. Kdy\u017e ho\u0159\u00ed louka, zem\u011bd\u011blci v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od po\u017e\u00e1ru vezmou pluh a ud\u011blaj\u00ed t\u0159eba \u010dty\u0159metrov\u00fd pruh \u2013 zaoraj\u00ed pole \u2013 a po\u017e\u00e1r se nem\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it. <\/p>\n\n

Jak se u lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f postupuje? Tam asi bude jin\u00fd proces ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Ano. Na uha\u0161en\u00ed lesn\u00edho po\u017e\u00e1ru pot\u0159ebujete hodn\u011b hasi\u010d\u016f. B\u00fdv\u00e1 to v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy hasi\u010di b\u00fdvaj\u00ed celkov\u011b vy\u010derpan\u00ed, tak\u017ee je mus\u00edte \u010dast\u011bji st\u0159\u00eddat. B\u00fdv\u00e1 to v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde nen\u00ed zdroj vody, nejsou tam hydranty, rybn\u00edky \u2013 tak\u017ee my mus\u00edme do t\u011bch m\u00edst vodu dov\u00e1\u017eet, b\u00fdv\u00e1 tam velk\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed cisteren. A pokud je to opravdu velk\u00fd lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, tak nastupuje leteck\u00e9 ha\u0161en\u00ed, u n\u00e1s nej\u010dast\u011bji z vrtuln\u00edku, a to pomoc\u00ed bambi vaku<\/em>. To je vak, kter\u00fd se rychle napln\u00ed, vrtuln\u00edk nalet\u00ed nad zdroj po\u017e\u00e1ru a z paluby vrtuln\u00edku odjist\u00ed bambi vak a n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc litr\u016f vody se naleje na ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto. A tohle m\u016f\u017ee ten vrtuln\u00edk d\u011blat prakticky nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b, i kdy\u017e mus\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b natankovat. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, kdy\u017e je t\u00fdm sehran\u00fd. Piloti vrtuln\u00edk\u016f na to p\u0159\u00edmo tr\u00e9nuj\u00ed, my pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bambi vaku tr\u00e9nujeme intenzivn\u011b na ja\u0159e, aby se hasi\u010di neob\u00e1vali pod vrtuln\u00edkem, aby v\u011bd\u011bli, co to d\u011bl\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 aby pilot vrtuln\u00edku v\u011bd\u011bl, jak se mu s t\u00edm l\u00e9t\u00e1\u2026 Vrtuln\u00edk se nav\u00edc dostane tam, kam by se lid\u00e9 nedostali, a m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed pozici ne\u017e letadlo \u2013 vrtuln\u00edk m\u00e1 \u010das p\u0159esn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159it m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n\n

Sledoval jste pr\u00e1ci hasi\u010d\u016f v Austr\u00e1lii?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Sledoval. Co se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii, je \u010cesku na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00e9. Tam ho\u0159\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 plochy, kter\u00e9 v\u017edycky nejdou uhasit a hasi\u010di se sp\u00ed\u0161e soust\u0159ed\u00ed na to, aby se ohe\u0148 d\u00e1l ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159il. To, co u\u017e ho\u0159\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou nem\u00e1 cenu hasit. Hasi\u010di se mus\u00ed dostat na okraj po\u017e\u00e1ru a uhasit tento okraj, aby plameny nepostupovaly d\u00e1l. V\u00a0t\u00e9 Austr\u00e1lii to bylo tak brut\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u017ee se hasi\u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e sna\u017eili dostat lidi do bezpe\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee po\u017e\u00e1r byl v\u00a0takov\u00e9m stadiu, \u017ee se s\u00a0t\u00edm skoro nedalo nic d\u011blat.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

V\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor s tiskov\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm Hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho sboru hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy Martinem Kavkou o suchu a lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1rech.  Jak \u010dast\u00e9 jsou lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry? V obdob\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s tr\u00e1p\u00ed u\u017e dva nebo t\u0159i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":5882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[35],"class_list":["post-5881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","p4-page-type-magazin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5881"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6073,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5881\/revisions\/6073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5881"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}