{"id":768,"date":"2018-09-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/uncategorized\/768\/studie-cechy-ohrozuje-jedovata-rtut-pomohlo-by-splneni-novych-limitu-pro-uhelne-elektrarny\/"},"modified":"2019-11-06T10:38:12","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:38:12","slug":"studie-cechy-ohrozuje-jedovata-rtut-pomohlo-by-splneni-novych-limitu-pro-uhelne-elektrarny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/768\/studie-cechy-ohrozuje-jedovata-rtut-pomohlo-by-splneni-novych-limitu-pro-uhelne-elektrarny\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie: \u010cechy ohro\u017euje jedovat\u00e1 rtu\u0165. Pomohlo by spln\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch limit\u016f pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdroba energie spalov\u00e1n\u00edm hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed \u0159ad\u00ed \u010ceskou republiku mezi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele jedovatou rtut\u00ed. V oblasti emis\u00ed rtuti z v\u00fdroby energie zauj\u00edm\u00e1me 4. m\u00edsto v EU. V\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce v\u0161ak zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje N\u011bmecko a Polsko. Uk\u00e1zala to nov\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed [1].<\/p>\n

Studie z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edky nov\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm limit\u016fm pro zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren klesnou ro\u010dn\u00ed emise z t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f v EU z 15,5 tuny (v roce 2013) na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 9 tun (po roce 2021, kdy maj\u00ed b\u00fdt limity spln\u011bny). Pokud by v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty aplikovaly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed standardy, pak by emise klesly a\u017e na 2,5 tun za rok [2].<\/p>\n

\"Neurath\"<\/p>\n

Studie popisuje celkovou situaci v Evrop\u011b takto: \u201cHistorick\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 emise rtuti jsou st\u00e1le z\u00e1sadn\u00edm ohro\u017een\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem nov\u00fdch emis\u00ed rtuti je p\u00e1len\u00ed uhl\u00ed. Polovina rtuti poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zdroj\u016f mimo Evropu.\u201d
\nJak uk\u00e1zala d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u0161ak rtu\u0165 nejen vypou\u0161t\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm spadem rtuti na \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed kilometr. 55 procent tohoto spadu poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zdroj\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [3]. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem rtuti vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je dle Integrovan\u00e9ho registru zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna V\u0159esov\u00e1 (372 kg za rok 2016, kdy jsou nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed data), na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b je elektr\u00e1rna Po\u010derady (293 kg) a na t\u0159et\u00edm Elektr\u00e1rny Tu\u0161imice (159 kg). Za nimi n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny \u2013 Kladno, Prun\u00e9\u0159ov, M\u011bln\u00edk, Chvaletice a Tisov\u00e1 [4].<\/p>\n

Hnut\u00ed DUHA a Greenpeace proto po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby st\u00e1t zamezil ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek z nov\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho limitu pro emise rtuti z velk\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a naopak donutil provozovatele k jeho spln\u011bn\u00ed (term\u00edn je do srpna 2021), nebo k odstaven\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny. Nen\u00ed d\u016fvod vystavovat obyvatelstvo zdravotn\u00edm rizik\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti nemodernizovan\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny vyr\u00e1b\u00ed \u2013 vzhledem k vysok\u00e9mu p\u0159ebytku v\u00fdroby nad spot\u0159ebou \u2013 elekt\u0159inu na v\u00fdvoz [5]. Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie je v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozumn\u00e9ho rozvoje obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 bez ohro\u017een\u00ed stability s\u00edt\u011b a dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny \u2013 zav\u0159\u00edt v\u0161echny uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (s v\u00fdjimkou tepl\u00e1ren) do roku 2030 [6]. Stejn\u011b tak st\u00e1t mus\u00ed p\u0159itvrdit proti p\u00e1len\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed v dom\u00e1c\u00edch kotl\u00edch a kamnech a naopak vy\u010dlenit dal\u0161\u00ed pen\u00edze na kotl\u00edkov\u00e9 dotace [7].
\n\u010cesko pat\u0159\u00ed paradoxn\u011b i do des\u00edtky zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejv\u00edce p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e rtut\u00ed, sice daleko m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Polsko \u010di N\u011bmecko, av\u0161ak je jedin\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatelem, kter\u00fd nele\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo u mo\u0159e [8]. Pr\u00e1v\u011b hromad\u011bn\u00ed rtuti ve vod\u011b, jej\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bna na extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dnou formu methylrtu\u0165 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to formy v t\u011blech vodn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, nebo\u0165 skrze konzumaci ryb a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f se methylrtu\u0165 hlavn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 i do organism\u016f lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Methylrtu\u0165 m\u00e1 vysoce toxick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na nervovou soustavu. M\u00e1 schopnost prostupovat placentou a negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat v\u00fdvoj mozku je\u0161t\u011b nenarozen\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v t\u011ble t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny. Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble a b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed se postupn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho se organismu d\u00edt\u011bte [9].
\n
Ji\u0159\u00ed Ko\u017eelouh, programov\u00fd \u0159editel Hnut\u00ed DUHA, \u0159ekl:
\n<\/strong>\u201eKv\u016fli masivn\u00edmu p\u00e1len\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed nen\u00ed rtu\u0165 jen ve vzduchu, v p\u016fd\u011b a vod\u011b u n\u00e1s, ale \u010cesko se \u2013 jako jedin\u00fd vnitrozemsk\u00fd st\u00e1t \u2013 um\u00edstilo v des\u00edtce hlavn\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Rtu\u0165 se pak \u010cech\u016fm v nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed form\u011b vrac\u00ed na st\u016fl v mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb\u00e1ch. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed je na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed takt\u00e9\u017e na stole \u2013 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny mus\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit emise rtuti dle nov\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho limitu. Maj\u00ed na to 3 roky a ministr \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed by m\u011bl zaru\u010dit, \u017ee jeho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci nedovol\u00ed, aby elektr\u00e1rny dostaly z t\u011bchto limit\u016f v\u00fdjimky. Pokud plnit necht\u011bj\u00ed, tak a\u0165 se odstav\u00ed nebo funguj\u00ed v omezen\u00e9m re\u017eimu. Uheln\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina jde stejn\u011b na v\u00fdvoz. Podobn\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 je p\u00e1lit hn\u011bd\u00e9 uhl\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch kotl\u00edch a kamnech.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Luk\u00e1\u0161 Hr\u00e1bek, tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed Greenpeace \u010cR, \u0159ekl:<\/strong>
\u201eRtu\u0165 je vysoce toxick\u00e1 a ohro\u017euje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na\u0161i nervovou soustavu, v organismech se akumuluje a velmi \u0161patn\u011b se z nich vylu\u010duje. Omezov\u00e1n\u00ed rtuti mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro \u010ceskou republiku prioritou. U\u017e nyn\u00ed je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 ji pou\u017e\u00edvat v nov\u00fdch teplom\u011brech a postupn\u011b miz\u00ed i z osv\u011btlen\u00ed. Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by m\u011bly na vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rtuti do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vat v\u00fdjimku uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 jej\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed drasticky sn\u00ed\u017eit.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

MUDr. Miroslav \u0160uta, expert v oblasti ekologick\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch rizik, \u0159ekl:
\n<\/strong>\u201eRtu\u0165 a jej\u00ed slou\u010deniny jsou toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed jak zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, tak ekosyst\u00e9my. Po\u0161kozuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na nervov\u00fd a srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed jsou mal\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed, u nich\u017e naru\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a jsou schopny putovat na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Probl\u00e9m zamo\u0159en\u00ed rtut\u00ed z tohoto d\u016fvodu nen\u00ed schopna vy\u0159e\u0161it \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b osamocen\u011b, a proto v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2017 vstoupila v platnost celosv\u011btov\u00e1 Minamatsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o rtuti. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika \u00famluvu ratifikovala podobn\u011b jako dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty EU. Krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho se tak \u010cesko zav\u00e1zalo sni\u017eovat emise rtuti za pou\u017eit\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Kontakty:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jan Rovensk\u00fd, Greenpeace \u010cR, 734 620 844, jan.rovensky@greenpeace.org<\/a>