{"id":894,"date":"2018-09-04T18:32:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T16:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/uncategorized\/894\/co-jsou-mikroplasty-a-proc-je-musime-omezit\/"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:32:53","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:32:53","slug":"co-jsou-mikroplasty-a-proc-je-musime-omezit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/894\/co-jsou-mikroplasty-a-proc-je-musime-omezit\/","title":{"rendered":"Co jsou mikroplasty a pro\u010d je mus\u00edme omezit"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-content\">\n<div>\n<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 o\u00a0to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli miniaturn\u00edm plastov\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dk\u00e1m \u2013 mikroplast\u016fm. Objevuj\u00ed se ve vod\u011b, kterou pijeme, ve vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, i\u00a0v p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u017eivu. Skrze potraviny se mohou dost\u00e1vat i\u00a0do\u00a0na\u0161eho t\u011bla. Co tam d\u011blaj\u00ed, nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b zdokumentov\u00e1no, ale u\u017e nyn\u00ed s\u00a0jistotou v\u00edme, \u017ee pro\u00a0vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/1a25ce90-1a25ce90-143647_260922.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Za mikroplasty se obecn\u011b pova\u017euj\u00ed plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed se na\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty, kter\u00e9 se do\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed kv\u016fli lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti p\u0159\u00edmo, a\u00a0na mikroplasty sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed rozpadem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch plast\u016f. V\u011bdci identifikovali t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed zdroje prim\u00e1rn\u00edch mikroplast\u016f. Pran\u00ed syntetick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1dla, p\u0159i\u00a0kter\u00e9m se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed miniaturn\u00ed mikrovl\u00e1kna. B\u011bhem jednoho prac\u00edho cyklu se z\u00a0fleecov\u00e9 bundy m\u016f\u017ee uvolnit a\u017e milion mikrovl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e1 kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st zachyt\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrny a\u00a0zbytek kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159ek\u00e1ch a\u00a0oce\u00e1nech. Dal\u0161\u00edm podstatn\u00fdm zdrojem mikroplastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je od\u011br pneumatik automobil\u016f. \u00a0Trojici uzav\u00edraj\u00ed kosmetick\u00e9 produkty, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed plastov\u00e9 mikroperli\u010dky. Ty by podle n\u00e1vrhu nov\u00e9 legislativy, m\u011bly b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny v\u00a0cel\u00e9 EU.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plastjepast.cz\/?faze=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Podpo\u0159te novou evropskou legislativu proti plast\u016fm sv\u00fdm podpisem<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Problematika mikroplastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0jeho dopadu na\u00a0\u017eiv\u00e9 organismy je z\u00a0hlediska v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b nov\u00e1 a\u00a0na \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ohledn\u011b vlivu na\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed \u2013 zat\u00edm nejsou jasn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. P\u0159esto st\u00e1le nar\u016fst\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na\u00a0to, \u017ee ekosyst\u00e9my jsou ovlivn\u011bny jak fyzick\u00fdmi, tak chemick\u00fdm vlastnostmi mikroplast\u016f. Fyzick\u00e9 \u201c\u00fa\u010dinky\u201d nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i\u00a0poz\u0159en\u00ed mikroplastov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dek nebo vl\u00e1ken organismy, kter\u00e9 je zam\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed s\u00a0potravou a\u00a0n\u00e1sledkem toho maj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nezbytn\u00fdch \u017eivin. Chemick\u00e9 efekty mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e se z\u00a0plast\u016f uvol\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky, nebo nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9, kdy\u017e mikroplasty nasaj\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jako \u00a0polychlorovan\u00e9 bifenyly (PCB), polyaromatick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky, organochlorovan\u00e9 pesticidy, polybromovan\u00e9 difenylethery, alkyfenoly a\u00a0bisfenol A\u00a0z okol\u00ed. Tyto l\u00e1tky pak mohou ovliv\u0148ovat organismy a\u00a0p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et se v\u00a0potravn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc se ukazuje, \u017ee mikroplasty ve tvaru vl\u00e1ken maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady, ne\u017e \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky obvykl\u00fdch tvar\u016f, maj\u00ed toti\u017e tendenci zaseknout se se v\u00a0tr\u00e1vic\u00ed soustav\u011b. Zde vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, ohro\u017euj\u00ed r\u016fst a\u00a0reprodukci a\u00a0vedou vyhladov\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch organism\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 dopadu na\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, nem\u00e1me od\u00a0v\u011bdc\u016f zat\u00edm v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f zat\u00edm zmapovaly potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika pro\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00e1 se daj\u00ed rozd\u011blit do\u00a0t\u0159\u00ed skupin:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Mikroplasty mohou do\u00a0lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla vstoupit p\u0159i\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed potravy nebo p\u0159i\u00a0pit\u00ed vody. Jako pro\u00a0jin\u00e9 organismy i\u00a0pro \u010dlov\u011bka mikrovl\u00e1kna p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu tvaru v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozbu ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed \u010daste\u010dky.<\/li>\n<li>Relativn\u011b velk\u00fd povrch mikrovl\u00e1ken a\u00a0jejich hydrofobn\u00ed vlastnosti napom\u00e1haj\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed z\u00a0okoln\u00ed vody, a\u00a0tak se zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee bude \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159i\u00a0konzumaci mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f vystaven karcinogenn\u00edm i\u00a0jinak \u0161kodliv\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>Biologick\u00e1 rizika se vyskytuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e mikroplasty p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed bakterie, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edmi infekcemi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b velk\u00e9 obavy vzbuzuj\u00ed ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed mikroplastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 nanoplasty. V\u00fdzkum Univerzity v\u00a0Gentu prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u00a099 % mikroplastov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk poz\u0159e, projde lidsk\u00fdm tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktem, nicm\u00e9n\u011b zbyl\u00e9 jedno procento m\u016f\u017ee proniknout a\u017e do\u00a0krevn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0akumulovat se v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Jde vl\u00e1kna do\u00a0velikosti \u00a0240 nanometr\u016f. V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 jasn\u011b dokazuje, \u017ee probl\u00e9m mikroplast\u016f je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it okam\u017eit\u011b, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee se jich do\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed uvol\u0148uje st\u00e1le v\u00edce. V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0oce\u00e1nech plave a\u017e 236 tis\u00edc tun mikroplast\u016f. Ov\u0161em plovouc\u00ed mikroplasty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jen jedno procento v\u0161ech mikroplast\u016f v\u00a0oce\u00e1nech. Kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna obsahuje okolo 70 kilogram\u016f mikroplast\u016f. To jsou jak prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, tak sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty. Pokud se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na\u00a0v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ohledn\u011b mikrovl\u00e1ken, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 stotis\u00edcov\u00e9 m\u011bsto vyprodukuje jen p\u0159i\u00a0pran\u00ed syntetick\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed 170 \u2013 441 kilogram\u016f mikrovl\u00e1ken denn\u011b. Z\u00a0toho se do\u00a0\u0159ek a\u00a0mo\u0159\u00ed vzhledem k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnosti \u010dist\u00edren dostane 9 \u2013 110 kg mikroplast\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba mno\u017estv\u00ed 15 000 plastov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek. Pokud si k\u00a0tomu p\u0159id\u00e1me mikroplasty z\u00a0od\u011bru pneumatik a\u00a0kosmetiky, dostaneme v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobek.<\/p>\n<p>Jan Freidinger je koordin\u00e1tor kampan\u011b Plast je past.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"EmptyMessage\">Block content is empty. Check the block&#8217;s settings or remove it.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 o\u00a0to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli miniaturn\u00edm plastov\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dk\u00e1m \u2013 mikroplast\u016fm. Objevuj\u00ed se ve vod\u011b, kterou pijeme, ve vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, i\u00a0v p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u017eivu. Skrze potraviny se mohou dost\u00e1vat i\u00a0do\u00a0na\u0161eho t\u011bla. Co tam d\u011blaj\u00ed, nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b zdokumentov\u00e1no, ale u\u017e nyn\u00ed s\u00a0jistotou v\u00edme, \u017ee pro\u00a0vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[21],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-plast-je-past","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=894"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15772,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/894\/revisions\/15772"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=894"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}