{"id":916,"date":"2021-10-07T14:08:01","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/uncategorized\/916\/jak-se-stala-antarktida-svetovym-parkem\/"},"modified":"2023-08-29T08:07:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T07:07:36","slug":"jak-se-stala-antarktida-svetovym-parkem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/916\/jak-se-stala-antarktida-svetovym-parkem\/","title":{"rendered":"Z historie Greenpeace: Jak se stala Antarktida sv\u011btov\u00fdm parkem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Navzdory v\u011btr\u016fm dosahuj\u00edc\u00edm rychlosti a\u017e 450 km za hodinu a teplot\u00e1m klesaj\u00edc\u00edm k -50 \u00b0C m\u00e1 Antarktida ze v\u0161ech m\u00edst na Zemi nejchoulostiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m a otisk lidsk\u00e9 stopy v mechu zde m\u016f\u017ee vydr\u017eet i des\u00edtky let. Proto si zasluhuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 ochrany. Organizace Greenpeace vedla v osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech za vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho parku Antarktida masivn\u00ed kampa\u0148, na ni\u017e vynakl\u00e1dala polovinu sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. A poda\u0159ilo se. Od roku 1991 je pevninsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st kontinentu na pades\u00e1t let chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ebou surovin a dal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Lo\u010f Greenpeace v Antarktid\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

1958<\/h2>\n\n

Antarktida je \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nepat\u0159\u00ed nikomu a vlastn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed tak trochu n\u00e1m v\u0161em. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se za\u010dalo p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, co d\u011blat s takov\u00fdmi sporn\u00fdmi oblastmi, aby nemohly za\u017eehnout dal\u0161\u00ed zk\u00e1zonosn\u00fd konflikt. V\u00fdsledkem t\u011bchto debat je i prvn\u00ed Smlouva o Antarktid\u011b z roku 1958, kter\u00e1 prohl\u00e1sila Antarktidu za jedine\u010dn\u00fd zdroj v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho a planet\u00e1rn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed pro cel\u00e9 lidstvo. Pevninsk\u00e9 oblasti byla na t\u0159icet let poskytnuta ochrana, kterou si zasluhovala, bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no vyu\u017e\u00edvat ji pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a byly domluveny podm\u00ednky, za jak\u00fdch zde bude prob\u00edhat v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n

1975<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1975 p\u0159i\u0161el Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land \u2013 jeden za signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f smlouvy \u2013 s pl\u00e1nem, jak zav\u00e9st na kontinentu pravidla podobn\u00e1 ochran\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f. Bylo to ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b \u2013 s technologick\u00fdm pokrokem se zv\u00fd\u0161ila proveditelnost p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby ropy a dal\u0161\u00edch nerostn\u00fdch surovin v Antarktid\u011b. Ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty proto n\u00e1vrh Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu odm\u00edtly, zat\u00edmco my jsme si ho nad\u0161en\u011b p\u0159isvojili. Abychom ale v\u016fbec mohli zasednout ke stejn\u00e9mu jednac\u00edmu stolu s ostatn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty sdru\u017een\u00fdmi ve Smlouv\u011b o Antarktid\u011b, museli jsme m\u00edt na Antarktid\u011b st\u00e1lou v\u011bdeckou stanici.<\/p>\n\n

1985<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e stejnojmenn\u00e1 lo\u010f Greenpeace poprv\u00e9 vyr\u00e1\u017eela sm\u011brem k Antarktid\u011b, nikdo ne\u010dekal, \u017ee tam ani nedopluje. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky za posledn\u00edch t\u0159icet let ji ale p\u0159inutily k obratu.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Z\u00e1kladna World Park Base. \u00a9 Timothy A. Baker \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

1986<\/h2>\n\n

Druh\u00fd pokus o dobyt\u00ed Antarktidy. Lo\u010f Greenpeace tehdy znovu vyplula z Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu, v lodn\u00edm prostoru m\u011bla p\u0159edmontovanou z\u00e1kladnu a z\u00e1soby pro \u010dty\u0159i dobrovoln\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se zde rozhodli str\u00e1vit zimu \u2013 mechanika, radistu, v\u011bdce a l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Tentokr\u00e1t byla lo\u010f schopna zakotvit 200 metr\u016f od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Rossova ostrova, lokality vybran\u00e9 pro trvalou z\u00e1kladnu World Park Base.<\/p>\n\n

1987<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem antarktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta se poda\u0159ilo za n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f postavit pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu, kterou tvo\u0159ily individu\u00e1ln\u00ed ubikace, spole\u010densk\u00e1 m\u00edstnost, toaleta, sprcha, laboratorn\u00ed prostory, komunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a hydroponick\u00fd sklen\u00edk, kde bylo mo\u017eno p\u011bstovat zeleninu na dopln\u011bn\u00ed stravy p\u0159ezimuj\u00edc\u00edch dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. Pos\u00e1dka za\u010dala tak\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b mapovat, zda m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 stanice nezne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed byla alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed. Vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee spousta st\u00e1t\u016f m\u011bla probl\u00e9m odv\u00e1\u017eet odpadky, nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 a rozbit\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed \u010di pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 barely od ropy. V Antarktid\u011b tak vznikaly velk\u00e9 skl\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Skl\u00e1dka pobl\u00ed\u017e v\u011bdeck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v Antarktid\u011b. \u00a9 Keith-Nels Swenson \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

1988<\/h2>\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku se Greenpeace dostalo na tituln\u00ed strany sv\u011btov\u00fdch den\u00edk\u016f, kdy\u017e patn\u00e1ct aktivist\u016f zablokovalo staveni\u0161t\u011b francouzsk\u00e9 leti\u0161tn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy v Dumont D\u2019Urville. Stavebn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byly kontroverzn\u00ed, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daly vyu\u017eit\u00ed dynamitu v lokalit\u00e1ch, kde hn\u00edzdili tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci, a dokonce i francouz\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci uznali, \u017ee leti\u0161tn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha je poru\u0161en\u00edm podm\u00ednek Smlouvy o Antarktid\u011b. V den protestu francouz\u0161t\u00ed stavebn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci popuzen\u011b reagovali na demonstraci Greenpeace zorganizovanou na m\u00edst\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy \u2013 aktivisty s pou\u017eit\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00ed vyhnali a zdemolovali chatu, kterou tam aktivist\u00e9 postavili. Navzdory pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m se v\u0161ak demonstranti vr\u00e1tili, aby obsadili p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed dr\u00e1hu i na druh\u00fd den. Francouzi pozd\u011bji pl\u00e1ny na stavbu dr\u00e1hy opustili.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Blok\u00e1da stavby francouzsk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b v Antarktid\u011b. \u00a9 Steve Morgan \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

1989<\/h2>\n\n

Hav\u00e1rie tankeru Exxon Valdez usv\u011bd\u010dila ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ze l\u017ei a dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee v odlehl\u00fdch a ekologicky citliv\u00fdch oblastech nelze prov\u00e1d\u011bt t\u011b\u017ebu a p\u0159epravu ropy bez rizika. Tato hav\u00e1rie byla tak d\u011bsiv\u00e1, \u017ee sehr\u00e1la roli i v debat\u00e1ch o budoucnosti Antarktidy.<\/p>\n\n

1991<\/h2>\n\n

Po intenzivn\u00ed n\u011bkolikalet\u00e9 kampani nejen p\u0159\u00edmo v Antarktid\u011b, ale i v kulo\u00e1rech v\u011bhlasn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed se z Greenpeace m\u00edsto pohrdan\u00e9ho outsidera st\u00e1v\u00e1 respektovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o budoucnosti kontinentu. Kampa\u0148 podporuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 osobnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd exilov\u00fd princ a b\u00fdval\u00fd komisa\u0159 OSN Sadruddin Aga Kh\u00e1n, filma\u0159 a v\u011bdec Jacques Cousteau \u010di medi\u00e1ln\u00ed magn\u00e1t Ted Turner. Signat\u00e1\u0159i Smlouvy o Antarktid\u011b v roce 1991 odsouhlasili p\u0159ijet\u00ed nov\u00e9ho Environment\u00e1ln\u00edho protokolu, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho minim\u00e1ln\u011b pades\u00e1tilet\u00fd z\u00e1kaz t\u011b\u017eby v\u0161ech nerost\u016f a z\u00e1kaz dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na pevnin\u011b Antarktidy.<\/p>\n\n

2022 ?<\/h2>\n\n

Nyn\u00ed je mo\u017enost ochr\u00e1nit nejen pevninu kontinentu, ale i Ji\u017en\u00ed ledov\u00fd oce\u00e1n, kter\u00fd om\u00fdv\u00e1 b\u0159ehy Antarktidy. V posledn\u00edch letech ho toti\u017e decimuje pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rybolov, kter\u00fd zde v masivn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku lov\u00ed kril, drobn\u00ed kor\u00fd\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce pro v\u0161echna m\u00edstn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, v\u010detn\u011b tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, tulen\u00ed a velryb. Brzy se bude p\u016fd\u011b OSN projedn\u00e1vat n\u00e1vrh nov\u00e9 Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody o oce\u00e1nech, kter\u00fd by mohl ochr\u00e1nit a\u017e 30 % voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed do roku 2030.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChci darovat\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

P\u0159idej se k hnut\u00ed mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jen spole\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme prosadit skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu a zachr\u00e1nit to, co z p\u0159\u00edrody je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Navzdory v\u011btr\u016fm dosahuj\u00edc\u00edm rychlosti a\u017e 450 km za hodinu a teplot\u00e1m klesaj\u00edc\u00edm k -50 \u00b0C m\u00e1\u00a0Antarktida ze v\u0161ech m\u00edst na Zemi nejchoulostiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":13740,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[13,24,18],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-o-greenpeace","tag-aktivni-spolecnost","tag-oceany","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=916"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19324,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916\/revisions\/19324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=916"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}