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\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u8108\u76f8\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u628a\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u4fdd\u80b2\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6216\u5c07\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5283\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u517c\u9867\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u6216\u4fdd\u80b2\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u70ba\u8ab0\u800c\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u6216\u4fdd\u80b2\uff09\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\uff08\u6216\u6587\u5316\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\u6216\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u300d\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4fdd\u80b2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u767c\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u540c\u6642\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u6216\u4fdd\u80b2\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u540c\u6642\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u4e91\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5f97\u5148\u8981\u5c0d\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u767c\u5c55\uff0f\u7d93\u6fdf\uff1f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff0f\u4fdd\u80b2\uff1f\u300d\u6709\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E9%87%8B%E6%94%BE%E6%BD%9B%E8%83%BD_%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB\"><\/span><span class=\"empty_class\">\u767c\u5c55=\u91cb\u653e\u6f5b\u80fd + \u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u64da\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\uff08Raymond Williams\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08development\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u539f\u521d\u610f\u601d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8207\u5305\u88f9\u548c\u675f\u7e1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u8212\u5c55\u548c\u5c55\u958b\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u57c3\u65af\u5cb1\u74e6\uff08Gustavo Esteva\uff09\u5247\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u300d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u751f\u7269\uff08\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\uff09\u80fd\u8212\u5c55\u91cb\u653e\u5176\u81ea\u7136\uff08\u6216\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff09\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u5f8c\u88ab\u9010\u6f38\u7a84\u5316\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\uff08\u4ee5\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\uff09\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u6216\u6f14\u5316\uff09\u3001\u671d\u826f\u597d\u76ee\u6a19\u9032\u767c\u548c\u6539\u9032\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u589e\u9577\u7b49\u6307\u6a19\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9084\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u6027\u5225\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u4ee5\u4eba\u6c11\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff08the First UN Development Decade 1960-1970\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u767c\u5c55\u7b49\u540c\u589e\u9577\u52a0\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6539\u9032\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u6539\u9032\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cb\u653e\u8212\u5c55\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4fdd\u80b2\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u91cb\u653e\u6f5b\u80fd\u548c\u6539\u9032\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u7684\u512a\u826f\u7684\u6f5b\u8cea\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u62cb\u68c4\u3002\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c92\u6cd5\u91cb\u653e\u548c\u8212\u5c55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6839\u8396\uff0c\u82b1\u82de\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8212\u5c55\u751f\u9577\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5168\u76e4\u63a8\u5012\u4e86\u820a\u5340\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u826f\u597d\u7a7a\u9593\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u8ac7\u53ca\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u7684\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u53ea\u6703\u662f\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u820a\u7684\u6216\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u512a\u826f\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b55\u80b2\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u9019\u5169\u91cd\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u80b2\u7684\u72f9\u7fa9\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\uff08preservation \u6216 conservation\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5b55\u80b2\uff08cultivation\uff09\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f80\u5f80\u5f97\u66f4\u6539\u65e2\u5b58\u6216\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u571f\u58e4\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb2\u6c11\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u571f\u8cea\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u5e38\u8b8a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4ee4\u571f\u5730\u66f4\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u3001\u8212\u5c55\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u751f\u614b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u6de8\u5316\u7a7a\u6c23\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5167\u542b\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u6216\u6f14\u5316\uff09\u548c\u6539\u9032\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8b93\u4fdd\u80b2\u5c0d\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8212\u5c55\u548c\u91cb\u653e\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5faa\u9019\u4e00\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u963f\u99ac\u8482\u4e9e\uff0e\u68ee\uff08Amartya Sen\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff08development as freedom\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u50c5\u50c5\u4ee5\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u7b49\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u754c\u5b9a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u6975\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8212\u5c55\u548c\u91cb\u653e\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u628a\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4eba\u5747\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u4f5c\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\uff0c\u7d04\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E6%BB%BF%E8%BC%89%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9\"><\/span><span class=\"empty_class\">\u6d88\u8cbb\u6eff\u8f09\u751f\u7522\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u540c\u6642\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u7384\u4e4b\u53c8\u7384\u7684\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8b5a\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5bb6\u52d9\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u55ce\uff1f\u7236\u6bcd\u990a\u80b2\u5152\u5973\u662f\u5426\u6295\u8cc7\uff1f\u7d66\u5c0f\u5b69\u96f6\u7528\u9322\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8cbb\u7b97\u662f\u4fe1\u8cb8\u55ce\uff1f\u4e3b\u5a66\u7d50\u7b97\u5bb6\u5ead\u6bcf\u6708\u7684\u6536\u5165\u548c\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u6703\u8a08\u548c\u6838\u6578\u55ce\uff1f\u7236\u6bcd\u5047\u671f\u5e36\u5c0f\u5b69\u904a\u73a9\u8207\u65c5\u904a\u696d\u7684\u5c0e\u904a\u53c8\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u5728\u5bb6\u505a\u98ef\u3001\u7e2b\u8863\u662f\u751f\u7522\u55ce\uff1f\u8cb7\u83dc\u3001\u4ea4\u6c34\u96fb\u8cbb\u7528\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u55ce\uff1f\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u5167\u767c\u751f\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u9996\u8a69\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52d5\u55ce\uff1f 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