{"id":16452,"date":"2018-05-11T14:04:53","date_gmt":"2018-05-11T14:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/?p=16452"},"modified":"2024-07-03T16:10:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:10:48","slug":"the-business-of-war-how-weapons-manufactured-in-europe-help-inflict-harm-in-the-rest-of-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/16452\/the-business-of-war-how-weapons-manufactured-in-europe-help-inflict-harm-in-the-rest-of-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"The Business of War: how weapons manufactured in Europe help inflict harm in the rest of the world"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world spends an estimated &nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/media\/press-release\/2018\/global-military-spending-remains-high-17-trillion\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$1.7 trillion a year<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on war<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Just to compare: global humanitarian funding is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fts.unocha.org\/?utm_source=IRIN+-+the+inside+story+on+emergencies\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.3% of that<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), international weapon sales around the world have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/news\/press-release\/2018\/asia-and-middle-east-lead-rising-trend-arms-imports-us-exports-grow-significantly-says-sipri\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jumped up by 10%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the last four years compared to 2008-12. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Everywhere on our precious planet, easy access to weapons and ammunition has led to human suffering, political repression, crime and terror among civilians.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Figures are difficult to come by in this trade; it\u2019s fraught with secrets and corruption. Arms sales of the world\u2019s 100 largest arms-producing and military services companies (the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/publications\/2017\/sipri-fact-sheets\/sipri-top-100-arms-producing-and-military-services-companies-2016\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SIPRI Top 100<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) were estimated at &nbsp;$375 billion in 2016, but the actual figure is likely to be higher. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">About three-quarters of these companies are from North America and Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-large wp-image-16463\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm-1024x639.png\" title=\"SIPRI weapons export graphic \u00a9 SIPRI\" alt=\"SIPRI weapons export graphic \u00a9 SIPRI \" class=\"wp-image-16463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm-1024x639.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm-510x318.png 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/b392761a-screen-shot-2018-05-11-at-1.50.43-pm.png 1486w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The world&#8217;s biggest arms trade exporters<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 SIPRI <\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2013, the UN adopted the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/att\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arms Trade Treaty<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. On paper, the Treaty was a great thing. It was meant <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to stop the selling of weapons to countries when it was obvious they would be used for genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in reality, the treaty\u2019s impact remains limited. The global arms trade is still on the rise and is continuing to supply weapons to some of the most deadly armed conflicts. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why is this still happening?<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The answer (at least in part) is the military industrial complex; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the informal alliance between a nation&#8217;s military and the arms industry which supplies it, and the impact this alliance has on public policy. Both sides benefit in this relationship\u2014one side from obtaining weapons of war, and the other from being paid to supply them.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gpes-static\/weapons-export-spain\/index.html\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take Spain, where Greenpeace has launched its first campaign on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/trabajamos-en\/desarme\/armas-marca-espana\/#normas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arms trade control<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While Spain ratified the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arms Trade Treaty in 2014, they are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">currently the seventh largest arms exporting country in the world.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Being a part of the EU means they need to comply with <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/GA\/TXT\/?uri=celex:32008E0944\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EU regulations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on selling weapons established in 2008, which means respecting human rights and international humanitarian law in the countries where their weapons could end up. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">between 2008 and 2016, the Spanish government authorised arms exports worth \u20ac22.6 billion to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over one hundred different countries<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Exports to 50 of these countries were identified as <\/span><b>\u2018<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exports of concern<\/span><b>\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in an independent investigation by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/trabajamos-en\/desarme\/armas-marca-espana\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spanish Arms Under Control coalition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of which Greenpeace Spain is a member.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018Exports of concern\u2019 and \u2018potential concern\u2019 defined as selling weapons to countries where arms have been used or could be used for serious violations of international human rights and\/or international humanitarian law, and where there is a substantial risk of illegitimate use. This means selling weapons to countries where there&#8217;s a chance they might be used against civilians; bombing hospitals, markets and schools, or violently repressing the population.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-large wp-image-16469\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res-1024x683.jpg\" title=\"Action against weapons trade in the Port of Bilbao \u00a9 Santi Burgos \/ Greenpeace\" alt=\"Action against weapons trade in the Port of Bilbao \u00a9 Santi Burgos \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-16469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/eeaab689-gp0strkrq_medium_res.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Activists stop a shipment of weapons bound for the countries of the Saudi-led coalition involved in the war in Yemen in the Port of Bilbao<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Santi Burgos \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exports of concern<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sales of weapons to the following countries have been categorised as \u2018exports of concern\u2019 in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/secured-static.greenpeace.org\/espana\/Global\/espana\/2017\/documentos\/desarme\/Contra-armas-2015-y-2016.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">latest report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the Spanish Arms Under Control Campaign:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Israel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; In the ongoing military occupation and in the blockade of the Gaza strip, the state army has been repeatedly accused by human rights organisations (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories\/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amnesty International<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Human Rights Watch) of involvement in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories\/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unlawful killings<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Palestinian civilians and the arrests without trial of thousands of opponents to the military occupation. It cannot be guaranteed that weapons exported to Israel will not be used to commit human rights and international humanitarian law violations. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Saudi Arabia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; There is a substantial risk that arms exported are used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in the war in Yemen by all sides of the conflict.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Brazil<\/strong> &#8211; Imports light weapons and ammunition from Spain, despite the risk that they could be used for serious violations of human rights. There is a high number of killings in policing operations, as well as excessive use of force and evidence of extrajudicial executions.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Iraq<\/strong> &#8211; There is a high risk that arms exported to the Armed Forces and Iraqi militias are used in the commission of war crimes, other violations of international humanitarian law and human rights in the ongoing armed conflict. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-large wp-image-16472\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2018\/05\/04f854b0-gp02mj_medium_res-1024x683.jpg\" title=\"Activists on a military tank in the UK, 2003<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 David Sims \/ Greenpeace<\/div> \u00a9 David Sims \/ Greenpeace&#8221; alt=&#8221;Activists on a military tank in the UK, 2003<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 David Sims \/ Greenpeace<\/div> \u00a9 David Sims \/ Greenpeace&#8221; class=&#8221;wp-image-16472&#8243;\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Activists on a military tank in the UK, 2003<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 David Sims \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why do some countries continue exporting weapons to states where they could be used to commit serious human rights violations? <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of Spain, like in many other countries, the decisions on where to sell weapons are made in back-rooms and are literally protected by a \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/trabajamos-en\/desarme\/armas-marca-espana\/#normas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law of secrecy\u2019<\/span><\/a>.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;Nobody gets to report on them. Nobody gets to criticise them. The profit-driven collusion between governments, the military and big business is a major roadblock in the way of change. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It starts at the top: Spain\u2019s Head of State, King Felipe VI, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/elpais\/2016\/11\/11\/inenglish\/1478853555_502912.html\">regularly acts as a mediator<\/a> and exerts his influence on behalf of Spanish arms corporations. Spain\u2019s current ambassador to the US was formerly the country\u2019s minister of defense. Prior to that, he spent decades working for several arms corporations.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The case of Spain is not an isolated one, but the reflection of a sadly global situation. Wherever the economic interests of the global arms industry defeats international law, you get the military industrial complex.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">So what can we do? <\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governments maintain that the secrecy engulfing the international arms trade is essential to maintain \u2018national security\u2019. In reality, this secrecy is mostly just another way for them to support a hugely profitable trade and benefit those who are in the business of war: arms manufacturing companies. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transparency is the sunlight that makes peace grow. It shines a light and makes those caught in it accountable. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a first step: we need to be aware of it, talk about, insist on getting information. Sunlight, after all, is said to be the best of disinfectants. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sara del Rio is Peace and Democracy Programme manager with Greenpeace Spain<\/span><\/i>. <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jen Maman is a Senior Peace Advisor at Greenpeace International<\/span><\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world spends an estimated \u00a0$1.7 trillion a year on war. Just to compare: global humanitarian funding is 1.3% of that. According to the the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":16469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[90,109],"p4-page-type":[59],"class_list":["post-16452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-and-economic-systems","tag-peace","tag-nuclear","p4-page-type-story"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16452"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68154,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16452\/revisions\/68154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16452"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=16452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}