{"id":45497,"date":"2020-10-20T11:13:07","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T09:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/?p=45497"},"modified":"2025-08-26T17:32:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T15:32:05","slug":"indigenous-people-biodiversity-fortress-conservation-power-shift","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/45497\/indigenous-people-biodiversity-fortress-conservation-power-shift\/","title":{"rendered":"To protect nature, bring down the walls of fortress conservation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The crisis signs couldn\u2019t be clearer: fires, floods, droughts, pandemic, species extinction&#8230; Earth is screaming with all her might. We need to listen, and to act.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>We must defend the planet\u2019s life support <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/explore\/people\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">against relentless corporate greed<\/a> and rediscover <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/humanity-and-nature-are-not-separate-we-must-see-them-as-one-to-fix-the-climate-crisis-122110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">humanity as part of the natural world<\/a>, for current and future generations. Restoring balance requires governments to heed the knowledge of communities who have listened deeply and worked with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sZPSK6pGNNo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mother Nature<\/a> for generations &#8211; and to recognise and respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn-1024x683.jpg\" title=\"Bagyeli Community Leader in Cameroon. \u00a9 Micha Patault \/ Greenpeace\" alt=\"Bagyeli Community Leader in Cameroon. \u00a9 Micha Patault \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-45474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/a900c52b-gp0stpvrn.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Solange Sanhgan, 29, a leader of the Bagyeli, a Pygmy community in South Cameroon fighting for their rights against Socapalm company and the expansion of palm oil and rubber production. <div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Micha Patault \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Business-as-usual backed by polluted politics is the problem. The same destructive systems that are stripping our forests and oceans of life are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/environmental-activists\/defending-tomorrow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">killing environmental defenders<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/43837\/mining-yanomami-munduruku-amazon-forest-indigenous-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pushing people into peril<\/a>. To reset our relationship with nature, we need systemic change to the way we <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/44577\/alice-braga-food-commodities-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">produce and consume food<\/a>, energy and natural resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>At every level of governance &#8211; from our local community to the UN biodiversity <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/74\/united-nations-summit-on-biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\">summit<\/a> &#8211; political decisions can aid a green and just recovery from crises, build resilience against future epidemics, and allow people and the planet to thrive. As governments collectively agree on next steps for global nature protection, it\u2019s clear <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/45215\/failed-global-biodiversity-targets\/\" target=\"_blank\">we need a better plan<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Protecting at least 30% of land and oceans by 2030 can be an important component in planetary recovery. It\u2019s an ambitious, measurable target. A <a href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/6\/36\/eabb2824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">global safety net<\/a> preventing further degradation of critical eco-regions is essential and <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ecog.05166\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">could halve the extinction risk<\/a> for species. But only if failed conservation models are discarded in favour of a global push to recognise customary land and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/andes-to-the-amazon\/2018\/jul\/16\/rights-not-fortress-conservation-key-to-save-planet-says-un-expert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reinforce people\u2019s rights<\/a> &#8211; this is key if countries are to protect biodiversity, fight inequality and attain their climate goals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Cabo Pulmo: an ocean success story\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Sa-4MoGyD9o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<p>While many of the most effective and highly protected ocean sanctuaries have been championed and won by local coastal communities, the 30&#215;30 target for land has been met with <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/ngo-concerns-over-proposed-30-target-protected-areas-and-absence-safeguards-indigenous\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deep concern<\/a> from environmental and human rights groups and activists: designed without proper consultation and implemented wrongly, protected areas do not deliver protection but make matters worse for people, endangered species, and the planet. The current draft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/c\/3064\/749a\/0f65ac7f9def86707f4eaefa\/post2020-prep-02-01-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)<\/a> lacks credible guarantees against such an outcome. Success depends on approaches that both promote justice and protect biodiversity and the GBF must reflect that.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>We\u2019ve seen how people power can effectively push back on greedy companies. In Mexico\u2019s Cabo Pulmo, local communities secured legal protection and are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/44377\/cabo-pulmo-ocean-success\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reviving marine life and livelihoods<\/a>. With legal rights and instruments to enforce them, Indigenous People have defended their territories from encroachment, invasion and exploitation. Studies from Brazil show that this is <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2020\/08\/indigenous-best-amazon-stewards-but-only-when-property-rights-assured-study\/\" target=\"_blank\">the most effective way to safeguard forest and biodiversity in the Amazon<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>There is a lot of potential in ensuring people have the means to resist industrial expansion that\u2019s fuelling species loss, climate breakdown and deepening inequalities. For example, tedious <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2019\/06\/customary-land-map-a-first-for-indonesia-launches-to-mixed-reception\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bureaucratic processes must be simplified in Indonesia<\/a> and Indigenous people fighting for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2020\/8\/10\/indigenous-peoples-in-the-drc-need-our-support-to-save-the-forest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">community forestry management in Democratic Republic of Congo<\/a> must be sufficiently supported as part of new and more ambitious global protection targets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je-1024x684.jpg\" title=\"Farmer working in his Field in village of Lokolama. \u00a9 Kevin McElvaney \/ Greenpeace\" alt=\"Farmer working in his Field in village of Lokolama. \u00a9 Kevin McElvaney \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-45499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/763ee331-gp0str8je.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>A farmer works in his field near the village of Lokolama in the Democratic Republic of Congo where the Indigenous community secured rights to manage their land and protect their forest. <div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Kevin McElvaney \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>However, there is a much <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/collection\/wwfsecretwar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">darker side of conservation<\/a> that commits human rights violations and outright atrocities in its name. This needs a reckoning as governments set higher targets for protected areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>So-called <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/andes-to-the-amazon\/2018\/jul\/16\/rights-not-fortress-conservation-key-to-save-planet-says-un-expert\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cfortress conservation\u201d<\/a> which evicts people from land that\u2019s been home for Indigenous Peoples and local communities for generations is ethically deeply problematic and has had horrific consequences on the ground. In the Congo Basin and elsewhere armed eco-guards funded by international donors and organisations have reportedly harassed, abused, raped and murdered local people. These atrocities are not incidents, they are the outcome of a <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2018\/07\/16\/how-conservation-became-colonialism-environment-indigenous-people-ecuador-mining\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">failed conservation model predicated on colonialism<\/a> that treats marginalised and forest dependent communities as a threat to wildlife.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>This outdated conservation approach must be discarded entirely. It is not a solution to the planetary crisis we are faced with and needs ruling out before governments look for \u2018easy ways\u2019 to meet 30&#215;30 targets. This needs to happen fast or there\u2019s a very real risk we see a boom in colonial-style conservation that pushes millions of people off their land.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>A worst-case outcome of land protection targets would be a rush of offset or greenwashing projects that allow states and corporations with large ecological footprints and greenhouse gas emissions to retain their unsustainable business model by investing in top-down managed protected areas. This would further exacerbate social injustice, infringe rights, and undermine dignity and avenues for prosperity for local and Indigenous communities who are <a href=\"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/environment\/2020-09-29-a-healthy-earth-needs-its-indigenous-people\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">guardians of biodiversity<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0-1024x681.jpg\" title=\"Local Man on Lake Tumba. \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Philip Reynaers\" alt=\"Local Man on Lake Tumba. \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Philip Reynaers\" class=\"wp-image-45500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/10\/d0ace1ef-gp0ov0.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>A local fisherman guides his boat through the waters of Lake Tumba in the DRC. Around 40 million people in the country depend on the forest for basic needs such as food, medicine and shelter.<div class=\"credit icon-left\"> \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Philip Reynaers<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>We will not live in \u201charmony with nature\u201d as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/towards-vision-2050-biodiversity-living-harmony-nature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Convention on Biological Diversity vision<\/a> states if we throw people off their land and make it inaccessible for customary use. We can\u2019t remedy the immense destruction from industrialised capitalist exploitation of nature by placing the burden of repairing on those least responsible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>To turn the tide on nature destruction, decision-makers must listen to, support and respect those who have lived close and long with healthy ecosystems. Governments must ensure local and Indigenous rights to land, and leadership in planning and managing protected areas. And provide robust legal instruments to defend these rights.<\/p>\n\n<p>Global biodiversity decisions affect us all. Those shaping them must recognise the interconnected crises of climate, biodiversity and global inequality and promote a shift of power that enables the guardians of biodiversity to help protect us all.<\/p>\n<div data-render=\"planet4-blocks\/gallery\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;gallery_block_description&quot;:&quot;The Authors&quot;,&quot;multiple_image&quot;:&quot;45513,45514&quot;,&quot;image_data&quot;:[{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/fda8ce62-irene-wabiwa-betoko_bw_highcon.jpg&quot;,&quot;focalPoint&quot;:{&quot;x&quot;:0.5,&quot;y&quot;:0.5},&quot;id&quot;:45513},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/15a71561-savio_bw.jpg&quot;,&quot;focalPoint&quot;:{&quot;x&quot;:0.5,&quot;y&quot;:0.5},&quot;id&quot;:45514}],&quot;className&quot;:&quot;is-style-grid&quot;,&quot;gallery_block_style&quot;:0,&quot;gallery_block_title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;gallery_block_focus_points&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;image_src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/fda8ce62-irene-wabiwa-betoko_bw_highcon.jpg&quot;,&quot;image_srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/fda8ce62-irene-wabiwa-betoko_bw_highcon.jpg 684w, https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/fda8ce62-irene-wabiwa-betoko_bw_highcon-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/fda8ce62-irene-wabiwa-betoko_bw_highcon-510x340.jpg 510w&quot;,&quot;image_sizes&quot;:false,&quot;alt_text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focus_image&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;credits&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;image_src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/15a71561-savio_bw.jpg&quot;,&quot;image_srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/15a71561-savio_bw.jpg 684w, https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/15a71561-savio_bw-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/static\\\/planet4-international-stateless\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/15a71561-savio_bw-510x340.jpg 510w&quot;,&quot;image_sizes&quot;:false,&quot;alt_text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focus_image&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;credits&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\"><\/div>\n<p><em>Irene Wabiwa Betoko is Greenpeace Africa&#8217;s International Project Leader for the Congo Basin forest.<\/em> <em>Savio Carvalho is Global Campaign Leader on Food, Forest and Biodiversity for Greenpeace International<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>This story was originally posted by&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2020\/10\/12\/to-protect-nature-bring-down-the-walls-of-fortress-conservation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Al Jazeera<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"EmptyMessage\">Block content is empty. Check the block&#8217;s settings or remove it.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indigenous communities have been leading the way in conservation for centuries. Power needs to shift from polluting industries to people who know how to protect land and nature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":45474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"To protect nature, bring down the walls of fortress conservation \u2014 Greenpeace","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2020\/10\/12\/to-protect-nature-bring-down-the-walls-of-fortress-conservation\/","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[84],"p4-page-type":[59],"class_list":["post-45497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-forests","p4-page-type-story"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45497"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78122,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45497\/revisions\/78122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45497"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=45497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}