{"id":10036,"date":"2020-10-30T16:39:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T14:39:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/?p=10036"},"modified":"2021-12-01T17:26:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:26:10","slug":"une-politique-dachat-de-la-bce-faussee-en-faveur-des-industries-climaticides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/actualites\/10036\/une-politique-dachat-de-la-bce-faussee-en-faveur-des-industries-climaticides\/","title":{"rendered":"Une politique d’achat de la BCE fauss\u00e9e en faveur des industries climaticides"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un nouveau rapport (1) r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment la politique de “neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9” proclam\u00e9e par la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) favorise les achats d’obligations d’entreprises \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone. Le rapport “Decarbonising Is Easy : Beyond Market Neutrality in the ECB’s Corporate QE<\/a>” <\/strong>a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par la New Economics Foundation (NEF), la SOAS University of London, l’University of the West of England, l’University of Greenwich et Greenpeace Central and Eastern Europe. L’analyse de ce rapport, qui propose deux sc\u00e9narios alternatifs \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone, fait suite aux commentaires de Christine Lagarde la semaine derni\u00e8re remettant en cause la neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9 dans le contexte de la crise climatique. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e \u00e0 la veille d’une r\u00e9union de la BCE avec des repr\u00e9sentant\u00b7es de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pour discuter de la r\u00e9vision des politiques de la banque, notamment de ses orientations mon\u00e9taires.<\/p>\n\n

Le nouveau rapport montre que plus de la moiti\u00e9 des 241,6 milliards d’euros d’obligations de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9tenues par la BCE \u00e0 la fin du mois de juillet 2020 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mises par des entreprises de secteurs \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone, qui contribuent de mani\u00e8re significative aux \u00e9missions de l’UE et alimentent encore la crise climatique. La nouvelle analyse r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment la politique de “neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9” de la BCE conduit \u00e0 un biais carbone important dans les achats d’obligations. La BCE d\u00e9tient des obligations de plusieurs des plus grands \u00e9metteurs de l’UE, dont Total, Shell, OMV et Eni. L’analyse indique \u00e9galement que 62,7 % des obligations d\u00e9tenues par la BCE proviennent de secteurs \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone qui ne contribuent que pour 17,8 % \u00e0 l’emploi et 29,1 % \u00e0 la valeur ajout\u00e9e brute dans la zone euro. <\/p>\n\n

\u00ab Il est temps d’arr\u00eater de se cacher derri\u00e8re la soi-disant neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9 et de commencer \u00e0 prendre en compte l’impact de nos choix sur les autres et sur la plan\u00e8te. La Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne doit rejeter les obligations des entreprises qui d\u00e9truisent le climat, en particulier en raison de leur sous-performance en mati\u00e8re d’emploi et de valeur \u00e9conomique pour les communaut\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes. Le conseil des gouverneurs de la banque doit adapter sa politique mon\u00e9taire, cesser d’acheter des obligations aux grands pollueurs et soutenir la transition vers un monde vert et juste \u00bb, <\/em>a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Jennifer Morgan, directrice ex\u00e9cutive de Greenpeace International.<\/p>\n\n

Les chercheu\u00b7r\u00b7ses proposent deux sc\u00e9narios politiques que la BCE pourrait adopter pour soutenir la transition vers les \u00e9nergies renouvelables et faire face \u00e0 l’urgence climatique. Dans le sc\u00e9nario “plus faible en carbone”<\/strong>, la BCE cesse d’acheter toutes les obligations \u00e9mises par les entreprises de combustibles fossiles et par d’autres entreprises \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone. Elle ach\u00e8tera plut\u00f4t davantage d’obligations \u00e9mises par des entreprises ayant une empreinte carbone plus faible. Dans le sc\u00e9nario “faible en carbone”<\/strong>, toutes les obligations \u00e9mises par des entreprises \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone sont retir\u00e9es du portefeuille de la BCE et des obligations \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9 de carbone sont ajout\u00e9es, en assouplissant les crit\u00e8res d’\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 de la banque, comme l’abandon de l’exigence d’une notation “investment grade” pour les obligations. Les deux sc\u00e9narios augmenteraient le nombre et la valeur des obligations que la BCE ach\u00e8te, et seraient donc en accord avec le r\u00f4le de soutien \u00e9conomique que la BCE joue pendant la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab Le programme d’assouplissement quantitatif de la BCE est entach\u00e9 d’un biais carbone, dans la mesure o\u00f9 il abaisse activement le co\u00fbt de l’emprunt (une subvention implicite) et encourage les entreprises les plus intensives en carbone \u00e0 \u00e9mettre davantage de dettes que les entreprises \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9 de carbone. Cela met la BCE en d\u00e9saccord avec les objectifs environnementaux et mine effectivement l’Accord de Paris sur le climat, auquel la BCE est partie. Pour aider \u00e0 reconstruire en mieux et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat financier favorable \u00e0 un \u201cgreen deal\u201d, nous avons \u00e9labor\u00e9 un cadre qui favorisera les investissements qui soutiennent r\u00e9ellement une reprise verte et r\u00e9sistante \u00bb<\/em>, a dit Miatta Fahnbulleh, PDG de la New Economics Foundation.    <\/p>\n\n

\u00ab Depuis 2016, le programme d’assouplissement quantitatif corporatif de la BCE a soutenu un grand nombre d’entreprises tr\u00e8s polluantes. C’est le r\u00e9sultat de l’application du principe de neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9, que la BCE elle-m\u00eame a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre comme probl\u00e9matique en cette \u00e9poque d’urgence climatique. Il est maintenant temps que l’institution financi\u00e8re la plus puissante d’Europe d\u00e9carbonise son programme d’assouplissement quantitatif et contribue \u00e0 notre effort collectif pour une transition rapide vers une \u00e9conomie \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone. Notre analyse des donn\u00e9es montre comment cela peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00bb<\/em>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Yannis Dafermos, ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en \u00e9conomie \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 SOAS de Londres.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Note aux r\u00e9dactions <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

(1) \u201cDecarbonising Is Easy: Beyond Market Neutrality in the ECB\u2019s Corporate QE<\/a><\/strong>\u201d a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par la New Economics Foundation (NEF), la SOAS University of London, l’University of the West of England, l’University of Greenwich et Greenpeace Central and Eastern Europe.<\/p>\n

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La\u00a0neutralit\u00e9 de march\u00e9\u00a0de la BCE favorise les achats d’obligations d’entreprises \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de carbone. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":10040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41,42,17],"tags":[32,35,95,97],"p4-page-type":[85],"class_list":["post-10036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climat","category-energie","category-greenpeace","tag-luxembourg","tag-energiesfossiles","tag-secteurfinancier","tag-justice","p4-page-type-actualites"],"yoast_head":"\nUne politique d'achat de la BCE fauss\u00e9e en faveur des industries climaticides - 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