{"id":1634,"date":"2018-03-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/actualites\/1634\/creer-des-reserves-marines\/"},"modified":"2019-11-06T10:54:53","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:54:53","slug":"creer-des-reserves-marines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/actualites\/1634\/creer-des-reserves-marines\/","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9serves marines"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\tGreenpeace demande la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau mondial de r\u00e9serves marines, qui couvriraient au moins 30 % de nos oc\u00e9ans. L\u2019objectif est de pr\u00e9server les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins.\n<\/div>\n
\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une r\u00e9serve marine ?<\/h2>\n

Les r\u00e9serves marines sont l\u2019\u00e9quivalent en mer des parcs nationaux. Il s\u2019agit de prot\u00e9ger tout un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de l\u2019exploitation humaine.<\/p>\n

En mer, cela signifie\u00a0interdire la p\u00eache, l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re et l\u2019\u00e9limination des d\u00e9chets<\/strong>. Aucune extraction, aucune d\u00e9gradation n\u2019est possible. C\u2019est le plus haut degr\u00e9 existant de protection des mers et des oc\u00e9ans. Toutes les autres formes d\u2019\u00ab aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es \u00bb sont moins performantes.<\/p>\n

Mais pour \u00eatre efficaces, ces r\u00e9serves doivent \u00eatre con\u00e7ues en partenariat avec les p\u00eacheurs.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9serves marines ?<\/h2>\n

Les oc\u00e9ans sont des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles. Leur avenir est gravement compromis par les activit\u00e9s humaines, en particulier la p\u00eache. On croit trop souvent que les ressources de la mer sont illimit\u00e9es, peut-\u00eatre parce qu\u2019elles sont moins visibles que celles sur terre. Mais elles sont malheureusement menac\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9puisement et l\u2019encadrement de la p\u00eache ne suffira pas. Il faut aller plus loin, avec la cr\u00e9ation de r\u00e9serves marines.<\/p>\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e n\u2019est pas nouvelle. Elle a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voqu\u00e9e lors des Sommets de la Terre, \u00e0 Rio en 1992 et \u00e0 Johannesburg en 2002. Les engagements internationaux et r\u00e9gionaux qui pr\u00e9conisent la mise en place de r\u00e9serves marines sont nombreux. Mais la volont\u00e9 de passer \u00e0 l\u2019action fait d\u00e9faut.<\/p>\n

En France, sur terre, 10\u00a0% de la superficie est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e dans le cadre de parcs nationaux. Aujourd\u2019hui, \u00e0 peine 1 % des oc\u00e9ans sont int\u00e9gralement prot\u00e9g\u00e9s, et seulement 3 % b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une forme de protection.<\/p>\n

O\u00f9 cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9serves marines ?<\/h2>\n

Greenpeace a \u00e9tabli\u00a0une carte mondiale des r\u00e9serves marines \u00e0 cr\u00e9er<\/a>. Elles couvriraient\u00a0au moins 30 % de nos oc\u00e9ans<\/span><\/strong>. Ce chiffre n\u2019a rien de fantaisiste. Les scientifiques estiment que 20 \u00e0 50\u00a0% de nos oc\u00e9ans devraient \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9s r\u00e9serves marines.<\/p>\n

Ces r\u00e9serves formeraient un r\u00e9seau coh\u00e9rent de grandes \u00e9tendues en haute mer et de plus petites superficies le long des c\u00f4tes. Les sites \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier seraient les zones de reproduction des poissons, les habitats vuln\u00e9rables (r\u00e9cifs coralliens, monts sous-marins) et les zones abritant des esp\u00e8ces rares et\/ ou surexploit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Concernant la France, elle s\u2019est engag\u00e9e \u00e0 cr\u00e9er 10% de r\u00e9serves marines<\/span>\u00a0dans ses eaux territoriales, notamment en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et dans le Pacifique, \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2020. Cette d\u00e9cision avait \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite des n\u00e9gociations du Grenelle de la Mer en 2009.<\/p>\n

Quels effets ?<\/h2>\n

Des exemples concluants de r\u00e9serves marines existent d\u00e9j\u00e0 en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, aux A\u00e7ores, en Corse. Quelle que soit la superficie de ces r\u00e9serves, leurs effets sont prouv\u00e9s apr\u00e8s quelques ann\u00e9es d\u2019existence.<\/p>\n

Le premier est bien s\u00fbr le repeuplement. Prot\u00e9g\u00e9s de tout pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement, les poissons se reproduisent tranquillement, leur taille augmente. Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes sont restaur\u00e9s, leurs capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9sistance renforc\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9serve participe aussi \u00e0 la reconstitution des zones environnantes et augmente le rendement des p\u00eacheries adjacentes (soit parce que les poissons sortent de leur zone, soit parce que les \u0153ufs et larves migrent vers les zones de p\u00eache).<\/p>\n

Les p\u00eacheurs sont ainsi les principaux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de la cr\u00e9ation de r\u00e9serves marines.<\/p>\n

Article Source<\/a> : Greenpeace France<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\tGreenpeace demande la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau mondial de r\u00e9serves marines, qui couvriraient au moins 30 % de nos oc\u00e9ans. 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