{"id":5208,"date":"2019-06-27T21:48:44","date_gmt":"2019-06-27T19:48:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/?p=5208"},"modified":"2021-12-01T17:30:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:30:10","slug":"les-requins-attaques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/actualites\/5208\/les-requins-attaques\/","title":{"rendered":"Les requins attaqu\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Surp\u00eache et manque de protection<\/strong><\/h2>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le 11 avril 2019, le navire Esperanza de Greenpeace a quitt\u00e9 la Tamise pour une exp\u00e9dition de p\u00f4le \u00e0 p\u00f4le \u00e0 travers l\u2019Atlantique. Ce p\u00e9riple s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre de la campagne de Greenpeace pour la protection des oc\u00e9ans, qui appelle \u00e0 un trait\u00e9 mondial substantiel pour prot\u00e9ger au moins 30% des mers du globe d\u2019ici 2030. L\u2019exp\u00e9dition durera onze mois et a pour but d\u2019identifier et de documenter les menaces qui p\u00e8sent actuellement sur les oc\u00e9ans du monde, tout en menant des recherches scientifiques.<\/p>\n

\"Requin

Requin bleu en proximit\u00e9 des A\u00e7ores<\/p><\/div>\n

En juin, l\u2019Esperanza a travers\u00e9 les zones de capture de l\u2019espadon(Xiphias gladius)\u00a0<\/em>dans l\u2019Atlantique Nord, entre le Royaume-Uni et les A\u00e7ores. La p\u00eache \u00e0 l\u2019espadon est un triste exemple de l\u2019exploitation abusive des oc\u00e9ans, malgr\u00e9 la crise mondiale de la biodiversit\u00e9 marine et du climat.<\/p>\n

Au niveau mondial, environ 100 millions de requins\u00a0[1]<\/a>\u00a0sont captur\u00e9s dans des filets de p\u00eache et tu\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e, dont une grande partie sont des \u00ab\u00a0prises accessoires\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des captures \u00ab\u00a0accidentelles\u00a0\u00bb non intentionnelles, mais qui stimulent un commerce lucratif d\u2019ailerons de requin.<\/p>\n

Ce chiffre doit diminuer massivement, si nous voulons pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9 des oc\u00e9ans pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures. Or les institutions de p\u00eache actuelles, qui pourraient mettre fin \u00e0 ce carnage, \u00e9chouent lamentablement depuis des d\u00e9cennies ! La seule solution serait un trait\u00e9 mondial sur les oc\u00e9ans, porteur d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019ensemble de lutte contre les menaces et pour la biodiversit\u00e9, et qui mettrait clairement l\u2019accent sur la protection des mers.<\/p>\n

Principaux r\u00e9sultats\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Requin

Requin mako – Defendant nos oc\u00e9ans (mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e: 2007)<\/p><\/div>\n

Bien qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse officiellement de la p\u00eache \u00e0 l\u2019espadon, l\u2019essentiel de cette activit\u00e9 dans l\u2019Atlantique Nord concerne des prises de requins, captur\u00e9s directement ou comme prise accessoire. En 2017\u00a0[2]<\/a>, le ratio \u00e9tait de 4:1 (en poids).<\/p>\n

L\u2019organisation r\u00e9gionale responsable de cette p\u00eache (ORGP) est la Commission internationale pour la conservation des thonid\u00e9s de l\u2019Atlantique (CICTA). Comme beaucoup d\u2019organisations de ce type, elle rate r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les occasions de prendre des mesures efficaces pour assurer la durabilit\u00e9 environnementale des activit\u00e9s de p\u00eache dans son domaine de comp\u00e9tence. Elle est aussi critiqu\u00e9e pour son incomp\u00e9tence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u00a0[3]<\/a>. Actuellement, la CICTA ne fixe pas de limites de capture pour le nombre de requins dans l\u2019Atlantique Nord\u00a0[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le requin-taupe bleu\u00a0(Isurus oxyrinchus)<\/em>\u00a0et le petit requin taupe\u00a0(Isurus paucus),<\/em>\u00a0deux requins de la famille des lamnid\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0menac\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb par l\u2019Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (IUCN) en mars 2019. L\u2019autorit\u00e9 de p\u00eache estime elle-m\u00eame que les captures doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9duites \u00e0 z\u00e9ro afin de donner aux stocks de requin-taupe bleu une chance de 50% de se reconstituer\u00a0[5]<\/a>. Toutefois, les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es disponibles indiquent 3\u00a0600 \u00e0 4\u00a0750 tonnes de captures. Un volume de prise qui d\u00e9cime encore davantage les populations de cette esp\u00e8ce\u00a0[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019approche fragment\u00e9e adopt\u00e9e par les institutions pour g\u00e9rer les activit\u00e9s de p\u00eache dans les eaux internationales n\u2019assure pas la protection n\u00e9cessaire aux oc\u00e9ans et aux organismes marins. Les menaces sont multiples\u00a0: surp\u00eache, polluants, d\u00e9chets, effets cumulatifs du changement climatique\u2026 Il faut un trait\u00e9 oc\u00e9anique mondial substantiel, pour assurer que les institutions et les entit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales ou industrielles adoptent une approche holistique de la conservation de nos oc\u00e9ans, notamment en d\u00e9signant des zones marines int\u00e9gralement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. C\u2019est la seule solution pour permettre aux populations de poissons de se reconstituer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rapport complet :<\/strong> \u00ab Sharks under Attack. Overfished and under protected<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes :<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Boris Worm, Brendal Davis, Lisa Kettemer, Christine A. Ward-Paige, Demian Chapman, Michael R. Heithaus, Steven T. Kessel, Samuel H. Gruber. \u2018Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks\u2019, Elsevier, 21 December 2012 http:\/\/wormlab.biology.dal.ca\/publication\/view\/worm-etal-2013-global-catches-exploitation-rates-and-rebuilding-options-for-sharks\/<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0ICCAT, Report of the Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS), 5 October 2018 https:\/\/www.iccat.int\/Documents\/Meetings\/Docs\/2018\/REPORTS\/2018_SCRS_REP_FRA.pdf<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0PEW, International Fisheries Managers\u2019 Response to Performance Reviews Insufficient, 1 May 2018 https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/issue-briefs\/2019\/05\/international-fisheries-managers-response-to-performance-reviews-insufficient<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0ICCAT, Recommendation by ICCAT on Management Measures for the Conservation of Atlantic Blue Shark Caught in Association with ICCAT Fisheries https:\/\/www.iccat.int\/Documents\/Recs\/compendiopdf-f\/2016-12-f.pdf<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0ICCAT, Atlantic Sharks Executive Summary https:\/\/www.iccat.int\/Documents\/SCRS\/ExecSum\/SHK_FRA.pdf<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0ICCAT, Report of the 2017 Shortfin Mako Assessment Meeting https:\/\/www.iccat.int\/Documents\/SCRS\/DetRep\/SMA_SA_FRA.pdf<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article Source :<\/strong> <\/em><\/a>Greenpeace Suisse<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDevenir Adh\u00e9rent\u00b7e\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Donnez vie \u00e0 vos id\u00e9aux : votre don nous permet d’agir au Luxembourg et partout dans le monde !<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n S'engager\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Surp\u00eache et manque de protection R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Le 11 avril 2019, le navire Esperanza de Greenpeace a quitt\u00e9 la Tamise pour une exp\u00e9dition de p\u00f4le \u00e0 p\u00f4le \u00e0 travers l\u2019Atlantique. Ce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":5210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[29,38],"p4-page-type":[85],"class_list":["post-5208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-oceans","tag-biodiversite","p4-page-type-actualites"],"yoast_head":"\nLes requins attaqu\u00e9s - Greenpeace Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/actualites\/5208\/les-requins-attaques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les requins attaqu\u00e9s\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Surp\u00eache et manque de protection R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Le 11 avril 2019, le navire Esperanza de Greenpeace a quitt\u00e9 la Tamise pour une exp\u00e9dition de p\u00f4le \u00e0 p\u00f4le \u00e0 travers l\u2019Atlantique. 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