{"id":9725,"date":"2020-09-07T09:51:52","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T07:51:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/?p=9725"},"modified":"2021-12-01T17:26:38","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:26:38","slug":"premiere-methode-au-monde-en-open-source-de-detection-dun-ogm-developpe-par-edition-genomique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/communiques-de-presse\/9725\/premiere-methode-au-monde-en-open-source-de-detection-dun-ogm-developpe-par-edition-genomique\/","title":{"rendered":"Premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode au monde en open source de d\u00e9tection d\u2019un OGM d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Luxembourg, le 7 septembre 2020 <\/em><\/strong>– Greenpeace, en collaboration avec d’autres associations, des organismes de certification ainsi qu\u2019une entreprise de grande distribution [1] a annonc\u00e9 ce matin le d\u00e9veloppement et la publication effective de la toute premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode publique de d\u00e9tection d’une culture g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9e par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique. Cette nouvelle recherche r\u00e9fute les affirmations de l’industrie biotechnologique et de certaines autorit\u00e9s publiques selon lesquelles les organismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s (OGM) obtenus par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique, une nouvelle forme de g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, sont indiscernables des cultures similaires non modifi\u00e9es et ne peuvent ainsi pas \u00eatre r\u00e9glement\u00e9es. [2] Greenpeace appelle le gouvernement luxembourgeois \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des protocoles bas\u00e9s sur cette m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9tection open source dans le contr\u00f4le alimentaire afin de pr\u00e9venir la contamination ill\u00e9gale des importations par de nouvelles plantes du g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n

Cette nouvelle m\u00e9thode permet de d\u00e9tecter une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de colza rendue tol\u00e9rante aux herbicides par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique. Les autorit\u00e9s luxembourgeoises peuvent donc initier les contr\u00f4les n\u00e9cessaires afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher cette culture g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9e d’entrer ill\u00e9galement au sein des cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement en Europe. Jusqu’alors, les pays de l’UE n’\u00e9taient pas en mesure de tester leurs importations pour d\u00e9tecter la pr\u00e9sence de ce colza cultiv\u00e9 dans certaines r\u00e9gions des \u00c9tats-Unis et du Canada.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cIl s\u2019agit d\u2019une \u00e9tape cl\u00e9 dans la protection des  consommateurs et des entreprises europ\u00e9ens. Les autorit\u00e9s peuvent commencer \u00e0 identifier les cultures modifi\u00e9es non autoris\u00e9es. Les apiculteurs, agriculteurs, \u00e9leveurs ainsi que les industriels agro-alimentaires pourront ainsi s\u2019assurer de l\u2019absence de ces nouveaux OGM dans leur cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement et ainsi satisfaire la demande des consommateurs.\u201d <\/em>estime Heike Moldenhauer, conseill\u00e8re en politique europ\u00e9enne pour VLOG, une association allemande d\u2019organismes de certification oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019OGM dans la nourriture.<\/p>\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans le journal scientifique Foods<\/em> apr\u00e8s \u00e9valuation coll\u00e9giale [3] et montre comment le test est capable de d\u00e9celer SU Canola, une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de colza con\u00e7ue par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine Cibus pour r\u00e9sister \u00e0 certains herbicides [4]. L’agence autrichienne pour l’environnement (Umweltbundesamt), membre du r\u00e9seau europ\u00e9en de laboratoires de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les OGM, a valid\u00e9 la m\u00e9thode qui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 toutes les normes de l’UE.<\/p>\n\n

Il y a deux ans, la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur le fait que les organismes modifi\u00e9s par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique relevaient de la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne sur les OGM. La Cour a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l’exclusion des nouveaux OGM de la r\u00e9glementation irait \u00e0 l’encontre de l’objectif de la l\u00e9gislation et qu\u2019elle ne respecterait pas le principe de pr\u00e9caution inscrit dans les trait\u00e9s fondateurs de l’UE et \u00e0 la base de ses r\u00e8gles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. [5] Ce nouveau test confirme que la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne r\u00e9gissant les organismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s (OGM) peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e aux nouveaux OGM produits par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique, en maintenant les standards de l\u2019UE en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cLa plus haute juridiction de l\u2019UE a estim\u00e9 que les organismes modifi\u00e9s par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique relevaient de la r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne sur les OGM et que celle-ci \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire pour prot\u00e9ger les consommateurs et l\u2019environnement. Certains pr\u00e9tendent que ces cultures ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9es et, de ce fait, ne peuvent \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne existante. Nous avons d\u00e9montr\u00e9 le contraire : il n\u2019y a plus d\u2019excuse pour ne pas appliquer les exigences en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9tiquetage \u00e0 ces nouveaux OGM,<\/em> assure la directrice de la politique alimentaire de Greenpeace pour l\u2019UE, Franziska Achterberg. La Commission europ\u00e9enne et le gouvernement luxembourgeois doivent se saisir des r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9tude afin de mettre au point des proc\u00e9dures qui permettront d\u2019identifier les produits modifi\u00e9s par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Notes aux \u00e9diteurs : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tous les documents peuvent \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9s sur : www.detect-GMO.org<\/a> <\/p>\n\n

[1] La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e par un consortium dirig\u00e9 par le Dr John Fagan au Health Research Institute<\/em> (Iowa, \u00c9tats-Unis). Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e par l\u2019unit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne et le bureau allemand de Greenpeace, le Sustainability Council of New Zealand, l\u2019association repr\u00e9sentant des organismes de certification oppos\u00e9s aux OGM VLOG (Allemagne), ARGE Gentechnik-frei (Autriche), le Non-GMO Project (\u00c9tats-Unis), l’Organic and Natural Health Association (\u00c9tats-Unis), l’association europ\u00e9enne pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture biologiques IFOAM Organics Europe ; et SPAR, la principale enseigne de grande distribution en Autriche.<\/p>\n\n

[2] Le terme \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique (ou \u00e9dition de g\u00e8nes) est souvent utilis\u00e9 pour se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux nouvelles techniques du g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique qui permettent d’obtenir de nouveaux traits sans ajouter de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e9tranger. La technique la plus connue est le CRISPR-Cas. Outre les modifications intentionnelles, l’\u00e9dition de g\u00e8nes provoque \u00e9galement des alt\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques non intentionnelles qui peuvent affecter la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des produits pour les personnes et l’environnement. L’impact \u00e0 long terme sur la sant\u00e9 et l’environnement des cultures g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9es par \u00e9dition de g\u00e8nes n’a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9. Jusqu’\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, deux cultures g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises sur le march\u00e9, mais elles ne sont cultiv\u00e9es qu’en Am\u00e9rique du Nord : le colza de Cibus et un soja \u00e0 haute teneur en acide ol\u00e9ique de Calyxt.<\/p>\n\n

[3] Fagan, J., Chhalliyil, P., Ilves, H., Kazakov, S., Howard, S., Johnston, B., 2020, A Real-Time Quantitative PCR Method Specific for Detection and Quantification of the First Commercialized Genome-Edited Plant<\/em>. Dans : Foods.<\/p>\n\n

[4] SU Canola a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en utilisant un outil d\u2019\u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique appel\u00e9 mutag\u00e9n\u00e8se dirig\u00e9e par oligonucl\u00e9otides (ODM).<\/p>\n\n

[5] Arr\u00eat de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice dans l’affaire C-528\/16, paragraphe 53. 25 juillet 2018.<\/p>\n

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Greenpeace, en collaboration avec d’autres associations, des organismes de certification ainsi qu\u2019une entreprise de grande distribution a annonc\u00e9 ce matin le d\u00e9veloppement…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":9726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[32,39],"p4-page-type":[83],"class_list":["post-9725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-luxembourg","tag-agriculturedurable","p4-page-type-communiques-de-presse"],"yoast_head":"\nPremi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode au monde en open source de d\u00e9tection d\u2019un OGM d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par \u00e9dition g\u00e9nomique - 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