{"id":20373,"date":"2022-04-26T12:46:33","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T09:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%9f\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T14:50:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:50:15","slug":"climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Climate Change? Everything You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change-1024x652.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change-1024x652.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change-768x489.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change-510x325.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/02\/ac370bf9-infographic-climate-change.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-while-some-natural-factors-play-a-minor-role-human-activities-especially-since-the-industrial-revolution-have-become-the-primary-driver-of-this-accelerating-global-crisis\">While some natural factors play a minor role, human activities, especially since the Industrial Revolution, have become the primary driver of this accelerating global crisis.<\/h3>\n\n<p>The extreme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/cold-waves-and-snowstorms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cold waves<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/hot-summer-and-severe-fires\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">devastating wildfires<\/a> we are witnessing today are not isolated events; they are clear reflection of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/extreme-weather-is-climate-change-to-blame\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">extreme weather events<\/a> exacerbated by Climate Change. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/ar\/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a>, both the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are projected to rise at unprecedented rates, with far-reaching environmental, social, and economic consequences that threaten both humanity\u2019s present and future.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>This raises key questions: What exactly is climate change? What drives it? This article explores these questions and the underlying forces behind this crisis.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Is Climate Change?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Under natural conditions, weather patterns fluctuate and temperatures vary with the changing seasons. However, when these fluctuations become more intense, persistent, and outside historical norms, they signal the phenomenon known as climate change. This shift leads to rising global temperatures and disrupted rainfall patterns, with far-reaching consequences such as polar ice melt, rising sea levels, severe droughts, and destructive storms. While the impacts of this crisis are now being felt worldwide, people living in small island states and developing countries \u2014 including those in the Middle East and North Africa \u2014 remain among the most exposed and vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n<p>It is true that some<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/what-causes-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">drivers of climate change<\/a> are natural, such as variations in the solar cycle and volcanic activity. However, the influence of these factors is very limited. Since the Industrial Revolution \u2014 and particularly since the mid-20th century \u2014 human activities have become the dominant force accelerating climate change, primarily through the emission of greenhouse gases that drive global warming. As a result, natural factors account for only a very small share of the overall causes, and neither their speed nor their impact comes close to matching the scale and intensity of the warming we are witnessing today.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Is Global Warming?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Human activities \u2014 particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas \u2014 have heated the oceans, the atmosphere, and the Earth\u2019s surface at an unprecedented pace. According to the State of the Global Climate report published by the World Meteorological Organization, 2024 is likely to be the first year in which global surface temperatures exceed 1.5 \u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, making it the hottest year recorded in 175 years of observations.<\/p>\n\n<p>Global warming is defined as the long-term rise in the Earth\u2019s average surface temperature, driven by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The most significant of these gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, along with certain fluorinated gases and nitrogen oxides. Emitted primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels, these gases trap heat from the sun and re-radiate it back toward the Earth, preventing it from escaping into space and causing global temperatures to rise.<\/p>\n\n<p>The growth in greenhouse gas concentrations is not limited to fossil fuel use alone. Other human activities \u2014 such as deforestation, industrial operarions, waste disposal in landfills, and agricultural practices \u2014 also play a significant role in driving these increases. As a result, atmospheric greenhouse gas levels have reached record highs. For example, carbon dioxide concentrations rose from approximately 278 parts per million (ppm) in 1750 to over 420 ppm in 2023, representing an increase of <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/news\/media-centre\/2024-track-be-hottest-year-record-warming-temporarily-hits-15degc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">51%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why is COP30 a pivotal opportunity?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Against this stark reality, the need for urgent action to curb the climate crisis and confront its impacts has never been clearer\u2014if we want to safeguard the future of humanity and life on Earth. The Middle East and North Africa region stands among the regions most severely affected, with temperatures rising at nearly twice the global average.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is precisely why the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30), set to take place in Belem, Brazil, represents a critical opportunity to become a genuine turning point\u2014one that corrects the deep injustices we witnessed at COP29 in Baku. While the climate finance commitments announced in Baku were presented as progress, the stated goal of mobilizing USD 300 billion annually by 2035 remains far below what is actually needed, particularly once inflation is taken into account. Equally troubling is the lack of clarity regarding the nature of this financing, raising serious concerns that it may rely on loans rather than grants\u2014further burdening already vulnerable countries with debt.<\/p>\n\n<p>Once again, COP29 revealed a persistent disconnect between the priorities of the Global North and the urgent needs of the Global South. By sidelining justice and equity, our region continues to shoulder the consequences of a crisis it played little role in creating.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How is climate change affecting our region?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>The Middle East and North Africa is a climate hotspot, despite its relatively small contribution to global carbon emissions.<\/p>\n\n<p>In a region already grappling with acute water scarcity, climate pressures are intensifying rapidly. Since the 1980s, average temperatures have risen by approximately 0.4\u00b0C per decade\u2014double the global rate\u2014according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2022\/11\/b57fcf2f-greenpeace-living-on-the-edge-full-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cLiving On the Edge\u201d<\/a> report by Greenpeace Research Laboratories at the University of Exeter UK. Today, hundreds of millions of people across the region\u2014home to some of the world\u2019s largest oil and gas exporters\u2014are on the frontlines of climate impacts, facing worsening water shortages, extreme heatwaves, and increasingly destructive floods.<\/p>\n\n<p>This accelerated warming translates into more frequent and prolonged droughts, faster and more dangerous depletion of water resources, and an agricultural sector struggling to survive. Given the region\u2019s heavy dependence on food imports, drought poses a dual threat: it undermines local agricultural production while simultaneously exposing global food supply chains\u2014on which MENA countries rely\u2014to severe disruptions. The result is mounting pressure on food and agricultural security and a direct threat to the livelihoods of millions who depend on the land as their primary source of income.<\/p>\n\n<p>The report further warns that 80% of densely populated cities in the Middle East and North Africa could experience heatwaves lasting for at least half of the warm season by the end of the century.<\/p>\n\n<p>With emissions continuing to rise in parts of the Middle East and the Gulf, future extreme heatwaves could push peak temperatures beyond 56\u00b0C, posing an existential threat to communities, public health systems, and ecosystems\u2014and making parts of the region increasingly uninhabitable.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are the effective solutions to climate change?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Despite the scale of the challenge, the path forward is clear. The most decisive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/what-are-the-solutions-to-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">solution<\/a> lies in relentless pressure on governments and major corporations to phase out fossil fuels once and for all. All countries must transition toward fossil-free economies as quickly as possible. At the same time, large-scale investment in renewable and clean energy\u2014such as solar, wind, hydropower, tidal, and geothermal energy\u2014is absolutely essential.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-12251 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/act\/have-you-experienced-the-impacts-of-climate-change\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/cce0636e-2.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/act\/have-you-experienced-the-impacts-of-climate-change\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHave You Experienced the Impacts of Climate Change?\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Since climate change is one of the most serious threats facing the Middle East and North Africa, and as part of our awareness project to combat and adapt to its impacts, we want to hear from you, and from citizens across the region who are witnessing the changes around them caused by global warming.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/act\/have-you-experienced-the-impacts-of-climate-change\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Join Us\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover what climate change is, what causes it, and how it impacts global temperatures, weather patterns, and vulnerable communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":20765,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"Climate Accountability","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"Climate &amp; Energy","p4_department":"MENA","footnotes":""},"categories":[277],"tags":[257,257],"p4-page-type":[290],"class_list":{"0":"post-20373","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-greenpeace-middle-east-and-north-africa","8":"tag-en-climate","10":"p4-page-type-story"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is Climate Change? 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More than nine years have passed since I joined the team at Greenpeace, and it seems like just yesterday! I think I can speak for everyone here when I say that our team is special, in how we work together, how we relate to each other, how we resolve our differences and even how we express our frustration. It has always been great to end the day with an outing with the team, or a heated debate about current events. A week in the office was never complete without some kind of activity that brought us together as people, celebrating our passion for life, hobbies and interests, and - I must admit, several practical jokes! Moving our work online has definitely had an impact on our relationships with colleagues, volunteers, and external partners Somehow it feels like we\u2019ve been invited to become part of each other\u2019s lives at home: parents, partners, children and pets have now become regular guests on our video calls. I\u2019m proud to be working with a team that appreciates all its members in all the colour and diversity they bring to the table! Fadi Gedeon On LinkedIn\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/mena\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.greenpeace.org\\\/mena\\\/en\\\/author\\\/fadi-gedeon\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What Is Climate Change? Everything You Need to Know - Greenpeace Middle East and North Africa","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/climate-change\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What Is Climate Change? 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More than nine years have passed since I joined the team at Greenpeace, and it seems like just yesterday! I think I can speak for everyone here when I say that our team is special, in how we work together, how we relate to each other, how we resolve our differences and even how we express our frustration. It has always been great to end the day with an outing with the team, or a heated debate about current events. A week in the office was never complete without some kind of activity that brought us together as people, celebrating our passion for life, hobbies and interests, and - I must admit, several practical jokes! Moving our work online has definitely had an impact on our relationships with colleagues, volunteers, and external partners Somehow it feels like we\u2019ve been invited to become part of each other\u2019s lives at home: parents, partners, children and pets have now become regular guests on our video calls. I\u2019m proud to be working with a team that appreciates all its members in all the colour and diversity they bring to the table! Fadi Gedeon On LinkedIn","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/author\/fadi-gedeon\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20373"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20769,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20373\/revisions\/20769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20373"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=20373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}