{"id":21884,"date":"2026-06-24T11:50:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T08:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/?p=21884"},"modified":"2026-06-24T15:05:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T12:05:42","slug":"rapport-sur-la-poussiere-noire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/mena\/fr\/rapport-sur-la-poussiere-noire\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapport sur la poussi\u00e8re noire \u00e0 K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc\u00a0: Que contient l\u2019air que nous respirons\u2009?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/2771fcae-oxygene1.jpg\" alt=\"Accumulation de poussi\u00e8re noire sur les toits des habitations de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc, juin 2026 \u2013 Association Oxyg\u00e8ne pour la Sant\u00e9 et l\u2019Environnement au Maroc.\" class=\"wp-image-21871\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/2771fcae-oxygene1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/2771fcae-oxygene1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/2771fcae-oxygene1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/2771fcae-oxygene1-453x340.jpg 453w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Accumulation de poussi\u00e8re noire sur les toits des habitations de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc, juin 2026 \u2013 Association Oxyg\u00e8ne pour la Sant\u00e9 et l\u2019Environnement au Maroc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Dans la ville de K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc, un rapport scientifique met en lumi\u00e8re le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la \u00ab\u2009poussi\u00e8re noire\u2009\u00bb et r\u00e9v\u00e8le des indications inqui\u00e9tantes concernant ses composants et ses sources potentielles, ainsi que ses implications possibles pour la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air et la sant\u00e9 des populations locales.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le rapport \u00ab\u2009Analyse des poussi\u00e8res s\u00e9diment\u00e9es provenant de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, Maroc\u2009\u2009\u00bb est le fruit d\u2019un partenariat de recherche entre les laboratoires internationaux de Greenpeace, Greenpeace MENA (Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord), et l\u2019association Oxyg\u00e8ne pour l\u2019Environnement et la Sant\u00e9 au Maroc. Son objectif est de contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de la nature et des composants de cette pollution industrielle potentielle.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce rapport r\u00e9sulte de la collecte de diff\u00e9rentes particules de poussi\u00e8re noire sur plusieurs toits de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, puis de l\u2019analyse de deux \u00e9chantillons de poussi\u00e8re noire s\u00e9diment\u00e9e pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s dans deux emplacements distincts de K\u00e9nitra les 15 et 16&nbsp;ao\u00fbt 2022, Pr\u00e8s d&#8217;une centrale \u00e9lectrique que les habitants disent fonctionner au fioul lourd comme combustible. L\u2019\u00e9quipe des laboratoires de recherche scientifique de Greenpeace a utilis\u00e9 des outils d\u2019analyse sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudier les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques de ces \u00e9chantillons ainsi que leurs caract\u00e9ristiques physiques et leur composition chimique.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce rapport repr\u00e9sente l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes scientifiques visant \u00e0 comprendre la nature et les composantes de la pollution industrielle potentielle dans la ville. Il fournit en effet des indicateurs scientifiques qui contribuent \u00e0 ouvrir un d\u00e9bat fond\u00e9 sur des donn\u00e9es factuelles concernant la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, le droit \u00e0 un environnement sain, ainsi que la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une plus grande transparence et de mesures pr\u00e9ventives pour prot\u00e9ger la population.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il convient de souligner que, bien que ces \u00e9chantillons aient \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s en 2022, la situation \u00e0 K\u00e9nitra n\u2019a pas \u00e9volu\u00e9 et les \u00e9missions de poussi\u00e8re noire sont toujours visibles \u00e0 ce jour. Par cons\u00e9quent, ce rapport fournit des indications scientifiques essentielles pour comprendre la nature de la poussi\u00e8re noire et ses sources potentielles. La possibilit\u00e9 que cette installation soit \u00e0 l&#8217;origine de la poussi\u00e8re noire d\u00e9pos\u00e9e sur les toits m\u00e9rite clairement une enqu\u00eate plus approfondie et urgente.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/446a9def-oxygene3.jpg\" alt=\"Accumulation de poussi\u00e8re noire sur les toits des habitations de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc, juin 2026 \u2013 Association Oxyg\u00e8ne pour la Sant\u00e9 et l\u2019Environnement au Maroc.\" class=\"wp-image-21874\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/446a9def-oxygene3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/446a9def-oxygene3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/446a9def-oxygene3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/446a9def-oxygene3-510x287.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Accumulation de poussi\u00e8re noire sur les toits des habitations de la ville de K\u00e9nitra, au Maroc, juin 2026 \u2013 Association Oxyg\u00e8ne pour la Sant\u00e9 et l\u2019Environnement au Maroc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"h-principales-conclusions-du-rapport-nbsp\">Principales conclusions du rapport&nbsp;:<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la poussi\u00e8re noire pr\u00e9sentait de nombreuses caract\u00e9ristiques compatibles avec celles des cendres volantes issues de la combustion de fioul lourd, soulevant de s\u00e9rieuses questions sur les sources potentielles de cette pollution, notamment:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Une morphologie similaire \u00e0 celle des c\u00e9nosph\u00e8res creuses pr\u00e9sentes dans les cendres volantes issues de processus de combustion thermique, avec des particules physiquement inchang\u00e9es apr\u00e8s exposition \u00e0 de hautes temp\u00e9ratures (700 \u00b0C);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es de vanadium et de nickel, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments souvent pr\u00e9sents en quantit\u00e9s plus importantes dans les cendres volantes issues de la combustion de fioul lourd;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une teneur en carbone compatible avec celle des cendres volantes de fioul lourd;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des indications selon lesquelles les particules de poussi\u00e8re contiennent du carbone inorganique inerte, avec presque pas de carbone organique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"h-qu-a-revele-ce-rapport\">Qu\u2019a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 ce rapport\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-1-taille-des-particules-nbsp-qu-est-ce-que-cela-signifie\">1. Taille des particules&nbsp;: qu\u2019est-ce que cela signifie\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019analyse a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que 94 \u00e0 95&nbsp;% des particules mesuraient moins de 355&nbsp;\u00b5m, la plupart d\u2019entre elles se situant entre 63 et 250&nbsp;\u00b5m. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 de la taille habituelle des cendres en suspension issues des processus de combustion.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-2-qu-ont-observe-les-scientifiques-au-microscope\">2. Qu\u2019ont observ\u00e9 les scientifiques au microscope\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019examen microscopique a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la poussi\u00e8re \u00e9tait constitu\u00e9e de particules creuses, inertes et l\u00e9g\u00e8res, dont les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s correspondent \u00e0 celles des cendres en suspension issues de la combustion de fioul lourd, notamment dans des conditions de combustion non optimales.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les particules sont apparues inchang\u00e9es apr\u00e8s chauffage \u00e0 700 \u00b0C, ce qui est coh\u00e9rent avec le comportement des particules de cendres volantes de fioul lourd dans de telles conditions thermiques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-3-qu-en-est-il-des-metaux-presents-dans-la-poussiere\">3. Qu\u2019en est-il des m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9sents dans la poussi\u00e8re\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019analyse a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es de vanadium et de nickel, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement associ\u00e9s aux \u00e9missions issues de la combustion de fioul lourd.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En revanche, les teneurs en d\u2019autres m\u00e9taux, tels que l\u2019arsenic et l\u2019uranium, \u00e9taient inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles habituellement observ\u00e9es dans les cendres volantes de charbon.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces r\u00e9sultats renforcent l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019un lien entre la poussi\u00e8re noire et les processus de combustion du fioul lourd, sans toutefois en \u00e9tablir la source de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-4-cette-substance-est-elle-dangereuse-ou-de-nature-organique\">4. Cette substance est-elle dangereuse ou de nature organique\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9chantillons ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une teneur \u00e9lev\u00e9e en carbone (54,6 % et 68,1 %), tandis qu\u2019aucun compos\u00e9 organique semi-volatile extractible n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9. Les produits de pyrolyse identifi\u00e9s ne comprenaient que de faibles r\u00e9sidus de compos\u00e9s organiques, notamment du benz\u00e8ne et du tolu\u00e8ne, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que le mat\u00e9riau est relativement inerte et de nature inorganique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De plus, les particules noires n\u2019ont pas subi de modification m\u00eame apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 700&nbsp;\u00b0C, ce qui corrobore cette conclusion.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-5-que-signifient-ces-resultats\">5. Que signifient ces r\u00e9sultats\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent un lien \u00e9troit entre les caract\u00e9ristiques de la poussi\u00e8re noire et la combustion de fioul lourd. Toutefois, ces analyses ne permettent pas de confirmer l\u2019origine pr\u00e9cise de cette poussi\u00e8re noire. Compte tenu de la proximit\u00e9 des sites d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage avec une centrale \u00e9lectrique qui, selon les rapports, br\u00fblerait du fioul lourd, le rapport soul\u00e8ve de s\u00e9rieuses questions quant \u00e0 la contribution potentielle de cette installation \u00e0 ces d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de poussi\u00e8re noire.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par ailleurs, bien que le rapport indique que le mat\u00e9riau analys\u00e9 \u00e9tait relativement inerte et ne contenait pas de niveaux significatifs de contaminants toxiques, l\u2019analyse a \u00e9t\u00e9 limit\u00e9e \u00e0 la poussi\u00e8re d\u00e9pos\u00e9e sur les toits et, par cons\u00e9quent, la poussi\u00e8re collect\u00e9e ne peut repr\u00e9senter qu\u2019une partie de la charge totale en particules et en compos\u00e9s chimiques provenant de la source. Les particules de plus grande taille \u00e9mises par les sources de combustion (telles que celles observ\u00e9es dans les poussi\u00e8res noires) ont tendance \u00e0 se d\u00e9poser \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de leur source d\u2019\u00e9mission. En revanche, les particules plus fines et respirables, dont les effets sur la sant\u00e9 sont bien document\u00e9s, peuvent \u00eatre transport\u00e9es sur de plus longues distances et ainsi affecter une zone g\u00e9ographique plus \u00e9tendue. Ainsi, elle ne refl\u00e8te pas l\u2019ensemble de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air ni les \u00e9missions auxquelles les habitants sont expos\u00e9s quotidiennement.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En outre, la poussi\u00e8re noire ne constitue qu\u2019une partie de la pollution globale dans la zone.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"h-que-recommande-ce-rapport\">Que recommande ce rapport\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le rapport pr\u00e9conise la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019\u00e9tudes approfondies et plus exhaustives afin de d\u00e9terminer la source de la poussi\u00e8re noire ainsi que comprendre les impacts sanitaires potentiels sur la population de K\u00e9nitra, notamment:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une \u00e9tude exhaustive sur la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique \u00e0 K\u00e9nitra, par le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement direct d\u2019\u00e9chantillons d\u2019air couvrant diff\u00e9rentes tailles de particules et diff\u00e9rents polluants atmosph\u00e9riques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La mod\u00e9lisation des panaches d\u2019\u00e9missions industrielles voisines afin de comprendre leur contribution potentielle \u00e0 la pollution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La conduite d\u2019une enqu\u00eate ind\u00e9pendante visant \u00e0 identifier avec pr\u00e9cision les sources de pollution et \u00e0 prendre des mesures pr\u00e9ventives en fonction des r\u00e9sultats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le droit \u00e0 un air pur commence par la compr\u00e9hension de ce que nous respirons, et d\u2019o\u00f9 provient la pollution. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" id=\"h-telechargez-le-rapport-complet-pour-consulter-les-resultats-et-les-recommandations-nbsp-nbsp\">T\u00e9l\u00e9chargez le rapport complet pour consulter les r\u00e9sultats et les recommandations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/e8478a2c-rapport-sur-la-poussiere-noire-a-kenitra-au-maroc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Soutenez Maintenant !<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout  \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.sawt.org\/petitions\/lqnytr-tkhtnq-nqdhwn\" target=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/d8bbc19d-hay-sakniya-masira.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/d8bbc19d-hay-sakniya-masira-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/d8bbc19d-hay-sakniya-masira-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/d8bbc19d-hay-sakniya-masira-411x340.jpg 411w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/2026\/06\/d8bbc19d-hay-sakniya-masira.jpg 800w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.sawt.org\/petitions\/lqnytr-tkhtnq-nqdhwn\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUn air pur, c\u2019est d\u2019abord une mobilisation communautaire.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Rejoignez l\u2019initiative citoyenne #K\u00e9nitra_\u00e9touffe et soutenez les efforts locaux en faveur d\u2019un air plus pur et d\u2019une meilleure sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.sawt.org\/petitions\/lqnytr-tkhtnq-nqdhwn\"\n                        target=\"_blank\"\n                    >\n                        Soutenez Maintenant!\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8le la poussi\u00e8re noire qui recouvre K\u00e9nitra sur la pollution de l\u2019air au Maroc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce nouveau rapport scientifique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":21871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_seo_meta_title":"","p4_seo_meta_description":"","p4_campaign_name":"Climate Accountability","p4_local_project":"SAWT","p4_basket_name":"Climate &amp; Energy","p4_department":"MENA","footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[313,173],"p4-page-type":[226],"class_list":["post-21884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogue","tag-sawt","tag-greenpeace-fr","p4-page-type-publication-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - 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