{"id":5662,"date":"2021-03-15T11:48:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T08:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/?p=5662"},"modified":"2026-04-02T13:34:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T10:34:58","slug":"masina-electrica-mituri-spulberate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/articol\/5662\/masina-electrica-mituri-spulberate\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u0219ina electric\u0103 &#8211; Mituri spulberate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Emisiile toxice provenite de la \u021bevile de e\u0219apament ale ma\u0219inilor diesel \u0219i pe benzin\u0103 au cauzat probleme serioase de poluare a aerului \u00een ora\u0219ele europene \u0219i provoac\u0103 zeci de mii de decese premature inutile \u00een fiecare an. Transporturile sunt responsabile pentru o p\u0103trime din emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 ale UE, iar emisiile generate \u00een acest sector continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103. O tranzi\u021bie c\u0103tre un sistem de transport nepoluant este vital\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>Avem nevoie de alternative sustenabile la mersul cu ma\u0219ina, precum transportul public electrificat sau mersul cu bicicleta. Atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 alternative sustenabile, ma\u0219ina electric\u0103 poate fi un mijloc de transport eficient, mai ales dac\u0103 e folosit\u0103 de mai multe persoane sau \u00een sistem de car-sharing.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/cc639475-gp1susy9_web_size.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5666\" width=\"658\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/cc639475-gp1susy9_web_size.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/cc639475-gp1susy9_web_size-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/cc639475-gp1susy9_web_size-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/cc639475-gp1susy9_web_size-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p>Ma\u0219inile electrice fac parte din solu\u021bie, totu\u0219i dac\u0103 \u00een acest moment am \u00eenlocui toate ma\u0219inile ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe combustibili fosili cu masini electrice nu am rezolva problema. &nbsp; Pentru a debloca traficul \u0219i pentru a reduce poluarea avem nevoie de mult mai pu\u021bine masini dec\u00e2t sunt acum pe str\u0103zi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Totu\u0219i Rom\u00e2nia trebuie s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la un sistem de transport nepoluant p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050 conform Pactului ecologic european \u0219i are acum la dispozi\u021bie fonduri pentru a dezvolta un sistem de transport durabil unde sta\u021biile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a ma\u0219inilor electrice sunt parte din solu\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/economie.hotnews.ro\/stiri-auto-24611426-video-masina-electrica-2021-unde-incarc-cat-costa.htm\">Rom\u00e2nia poate fi parcursa din orice punct \u00een orice punct cu o masina electrica cu autonomie de cel pu\u021bin 150 km<\/a>.<\/li><li>Modele de ma\u0219ini electrice disponibile pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u00een 2021 au o autonomie \u00eentre 200 km \u0219i 500 km.\u00a0<\/li><li>Sunt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plugshare.com\/\">300 de amplasamente<\/a> unde poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 o ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103.<\/li><li>Media este de 3 puncte de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00eentr-un loc\/amplasament. Adic\u0103 sunt 900 de puncte de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/li><li>Sta\u021biile dedicate se g\u0103sesc de obicei la magazine, la benzin\u0103rii, la birou sau acas\u0103 \u00een unele cazuri.<\/li><li>O ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103 poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 rapid (sta\u021bii dedicate), semi-rapid (sta\u021bia de \u00eenc\u0103rcare de acas\u0103 \u0219i sta\u021bii dedicate) sau lent (priz\u0103 conven\u021bional\u0103)<\/li><li>\u00cenc\u0103rc\u0103rile gratuite aproape au disp\u0103rut complet, iar pre\u021bul orientativ pentru 1kWh este cuprins intre 0,6 lei \u0219i 2 lei.<\/li><li>Cel mai ieftin va fi \u00eentotdeauna sa alimentezi ma\u0219ina electric\u0103 acas\u0103 \u0219i noaptea (0,6-0,8 lei per kWh). Puterea de incarcare la o priza conventionala este \u00eentre 2 kW \u0219i 2,5 kW. \u00cen func\u021bie de cat de mare este bateria masinii, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een medie un timp de incarcare de la 10 ore la 30 de ore \u0219i chiar mai mult pentru masini cu baterie foarte mare.<\/li><li>Pre\u021bul mediu la sta\u021biile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare public-private este cuprins \u00eentre 1 leu \u0219i 2 lei per kWh.<\/li><li>Capacitatea medie a bateriei unei ma\u0219ini electrice \u00een 2021 este \u00een jur de 50 kWh. Capacitatea bateriei variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 25 kWh \u0219i 100 kWh, \u00eens\u0103 au fost anun\u021bate modele de ma\u0219ini electrice cu baterii mai mari de 100 kWh.<\/li><li>Pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca complet o ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103 cu baterie de 50 kWh, pre\u021bul este \u00eentre 30 de lei (acas\u0103) \u0219i 100 de lei la sta\u021biile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare (cele mai scumpe) \u0219i po\u021bi parcurge \u00een medie 300 km. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 po\u021bi parcurge 100 km pl\u0103tind \u00eentre 10 lei (cel mai ieftin curent) \u0219i 30 lei (cel mai scump curent) cu o ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103. Aceea\u0219i 100 km parcur\u0219i de o masina cu motor cu ardere intern\u0103 (care consuma \u00een medie 8l\/100km) costa \u00eentre 40 \u0219i 50 de lei.<\/li><li>C\u00e2nd calcul\u0103m c\u00e2t de mult CO2 produce o ma\u0219in\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare nu numai emisiile de CO2 din timpul utiliz\u0103rii, ci \u0219i emisiile generate de produc\u021bia \u0219i casarea acesteia. Produc\u021bia unei ma\u0219ini electrice este mai pu\u021bin ecologic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a unei ma\u0219ini cu motor cu combustie intern\u0103, iar nivelul emisiilor provenite de la vehiculele electrice variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de modul \u00een care este produs\u0103 electricitatea cu care este alimentat\u0103 ma\u0219ina respectiv\u0103. Cu toate acestea, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare mixul energetic mediu din Europa, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/ro\/headlines\/priorities\/schimbarile-climatice\/20190313STO31218\/emisiile-de-co2-de-la-autovehicule-date-si-cifre-infografic\">autovehiculele electrice se dovedesc a fi deja mai curate dec\u00e2t vehiculele alimentate cu benzin\u0103<\/a>. Deoarece cota de electricitate provenit\u0103 din surse regenerabile va cre\u0219te \u00een viitor, automobilele electrice vor deveni \u0219i mai pu\u021bin d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru mediu.<\/li><li>Ma\u0219inile electrice reduc poluarea cauzat\u0103 de fr\u00e2ne\u00a0 &#8211; \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, ma\u0219inile conven\u021bionale cu motor cu ardere intern\u0103 folosesc \u00een principal fr\u00e2ne cu disc pentru a \u00eencetini ma\u0219ina iar acestea emit poluare cu particule ultrafine (PM 2.5). Pe de alt\u0103 parte, ma\u0219inile electrice sunt capabile s\u0103 utilizeze motorul electric pentru fr\u00e2nare (fr\u00e2n\u0103 regenerativ\u0103), reduc\u00e2nd nevoia de a utiliza fr\u00e2nele \u0219i, prin urmare, reduc\u00e2nd emisiile de particule.<\/li><li>Poluarea de la anvelope provine de la toate ma\u0219inile. C\u00e2nd vine vorba de poluarea cauzat\u0103 de pneuri, multe rapoarte sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 trecerea la masini electrice va cre\u0219te poluarea cu particule datorit\u0103 greut\u0103\u021bii lor mai mari comparativ cu ma\u0219inile conven\u021bionale. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/newsroom\/blog\/electric-vehicles-are-far-better-combustion-engine-cars-when-it-comes-air-pollution?utm_source=Email+alerts+-+Transport+%26+Environment&amp;utm_campaign=fe4c59541d-PHEV+emissions_EMAIL_ALERT_30_11_2020_COPY_01&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_50e72c3d00-fe4c59541d-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&amp;ct=t%28PHEV+emissions_EMAIL_ALERT_30_11_2020_COPY_01%29&amp;goal=0_50e72c3d00-fe4c59541d-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&amp;mc_cid=fe4c59541d&amp;mc_eid=cf8e6f7590\">studii cuprinz\u0103toare care au m\u0103surat emisiile de particule de la anvelope<\/a>, \u00een special la ma\u0219inile electrice. Ma\u0219inile electrice sunt echipate \u00een cea mai mare parte cu anvelope speciale concepute, acestea fiind aerodinamice \u0219i sub\u021biri pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 nevoilor specifice, inclusiv a greut\u0103\u021bii mai mari.<\/li><li>Vehiculele electrice elimin\u0103 toate emisiile toxice de la motoare. Trecerea de la un vehicul conventional la unul electric elimin\u0103 instantaneu orice poluare toxic\u0103 provenit\u0103 de la \u021beava de e\u0219apament, cum ar fi oxizii de azot (NOx), monoxidul de carbon (CO) \u0219i hidrocarburile (HC) &#8211; nu doar particulele (PM 10 \u0219i PM 2.5). Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 un proces de ardere poluant. Deoarece ace\u0219ti poluan\u021bi sunt emi\u0219i doar prin ardere, dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 motor cu ardere, nu exist\u0103 emisii. Unul dintre ace\u0219ti poluan\u021bi nocivi, dioxidul de azot (NO2), este responsabil pentru peste 50.000 de decese premature pe an \u00een Europa.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/7f128201-gp1susyc_web_size.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5668\" width=\"674\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/7f128201-gp1susyc_web_size.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/7f128201-gp1susyc_web_size-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/7f128201-gp1susyc_web_size-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2021\/03\/7f128201-gp1susyc_web_size-495x340.jpg 495w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p>Prin urmare, ma\u0219inile electrice nu polueaz\u0103 aerul mai mult dec\u00e2t ma\u0219inile pe combustibili fosil. De fapt, ele elimin\u0103 emisiile toxice provenite din evacuarea motorului \u0219i reduc semnificativ emisiile de la fr\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avem nevoie de alternative sustenabile la mersul cu ma\u0219ina, precum transportul public electrificat sau mersul cu bicicleta. Atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 alternative sustenabile, ma\u0219ina electric\u0103 poate fi un mijloc de transport eficient, mai ales dac\u0103 e folosit\u0103 de mai multe persoane sau \u00een sistem de car-sharing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":5665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,31],"tags":[35,132],"p4-page-type":[],"class_list":["post-5662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima-si-energie","category-greenpeace","tag-poluare","tag-campanii-vechi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5662"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5673,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662\/revisions\/5673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5662"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}