{"id":79603,"date":"2026-06-09T17:14:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T14:14:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/?p=79603"},"modified":"2026-06-09T17:18:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T14:18:27","slug":"poluarea-invizibila-romania-si-lupta-impotriva-metanului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/articol\/79603\/poluarea-invizibila-romania-si-lupta-impotriva-metanului\/","title":{"rendered":"Poluarea invizibil\u0103: Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i lupta \u00eempotriva metanului"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00cen timp ce aten\u021bia public\u0103 se concentreaz\u0103 aproape exclusiv pe dioxidul de carbon, exist\u0103 un alt gaz care accelereaz\u0103 criza climatic\u0103 \u00eentr-un ritm alarmant: metanul.<\/p>\n\n<p>O ton\u0103 de metan \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te planeta de aproximativ 80 de ori mai mult dec\u00e2t o ton\u0103 de CO\u2082 pe termen scurt. Potrivit IPCC, <strong>aproape 0,5\u00b0C din \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 pe care o resim\u021bim ast\u0103zi este cauzat\u0103 de emisiile de metan<\/strong>. Din acest motiv, reducerea rapid\u0103 a emisiilor de metan este considerat\u0103 una dintre cele mai eficiente m\u0103suri pentru \u00eencetinirea schimb\u0103rilor climatice \u00een urm\u0103toarele decenii.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rom\u00e2nia are o problem\u0103 major\u0103. \u021aara noastr\u0103 are una dintre cele mai vechi industrii petroliere din lume \u0219i zeci de mii de sonde active, inactive sau abandonate. Multe dintre acestea continu\u0103 s\u0103 emit\u0103 metan \u00een atmosfer\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"855\" height=\"669\" title=\"Screenshot 2026-06-09 171631\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2026\/06\/7b134ea7-screenshot-2026-06-09-171631.png\" alt=\"C\u00e2mpuri petrolifere \u00een Prahova. FOTO arhive\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-79606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2026\/06\/7b134ea7-screenshot-2026-06-09-171631.png 855w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2026\/06\/7b134ea7-screenshot-2026-06-09-171631-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2026\/06\/7b134ea7-screenshot-2026-06-09-171631-768x601.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-romania-stateless\/2026\/06\/7b134ea7-screenshot-2026-06-09-171631-435x340.png 435w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 855px) 100vw, 855px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>C\u00e2mpuri petrolifere \u00een Prahova. FOTO arhive\u00a0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>De\u0219i produc\u021bia noastr\u0103 de petrol \u0219i gaze este mult mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a unor state precum Norvegia, emisiile de metan raportate din sectorul petrolului \u0219i gazelor au fost, \u00een anumite perioade, printre cele mai ridicate din Uniunea European\u0103. Mai grav, numeroase studii independente au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 emisiile reale sunt probabil mult mai mari dec\u00e2t cele raportate oficial. \u00centr-un studiu publicat \u00een European Geosciences Union [1], rata emisiilor derivate ale Rom\u00e2niei sunt de aproximativ 2,5 ori mai mari dec\u00e2t cele raportate c\u0103tre inventarul UNFCCC \u0219i de peste 5 ori mai mari dec\u00e2t estimarea Agen\u021biei Interna\u021bionale pentru Energie (AIE).<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen acest context, Regulamentul European privind Metanul reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai importante oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru reducerea polu\u0103rii \u0219i protejarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii publice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ce este Regulamentul European privind Metanul?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen iunie 2024, Uniunea European\u0103 a adoptat Regulamentul (UE) 2024\/1787 privind reducerea emisiilor de metan \u00een sectorul energetic. Regulamentul este direct aplicabil \u00een toate statele membre \u0219i stabile\u0219te obliga\u021bii clare pentru operatorii din industria petrolului, gazelor \u0219i c\u0103rbunelui, precum \u0219i pentru autorit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale responsabile cu monitorizarea \u0219i aplicarea legii. Scopul este simplu: identificarea, m\u0103surarea \u0219i reducerea emisiilor de metan de-a lungul \u00eentregului lan\u021b energetic. Pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een istorie, statele membre au obliga\u021bia de a nu mai trata pierderile de metan ca pe o problem\u0103 secundar\u0103 sau op\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>Printre obliga\u021biile principale se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cartografierea tuturor sondelor forate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitorizarea \u0219i raportarea emisiilor de metan;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>detectarea \u0219i repararea rapid\u0103 a scurgerilor (Leak Detection and Repair &#8211; LDAR);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>limitarea sau interzicerea ventil\u0103rii \u0219i arderii de rutin\u0103 a gazului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inspec\u021bii periodice ale infrastructurii de produc\u021bie, transport \u0219i stocare;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitorizarea minelor de c\u0103rbune, inclusiv a celor \u00eenchise;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aplicarea de sanc\u021biuni eficiente operatorilor care \u00eencalc\u0103 legea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Aceste m\u0103suri sunt esen\u021biale \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 unde studiile independente au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 emisiile reale de metan pot fi mult mai mari dec\u00e2t cele raportate oficial. Cercetarea ROMEO [2], realizat\u0103 prin m\u0103sur\u0103tori aeriene \u0219i la sol, a constatat c\u0103 peste jum\u0103tate dintre siturile monitorizate emiteau mult mai mult metan dec\u00e2t indicau datele oficiale. Cercetarea lor a estimat c\u0103 emisiile de metan provenite din produc\u021bia terestr\u0103 de petrol \u0219i gaze a Rom\u00e2niei contribuie cu aproximativ 16% din totalul emisiilor terestre din Europa. De asemenea, \u00een ultimii trei ani, organiza\u021biile CATF \u0219i 2Celsius au c\u0103l\u0103torit prin Rom\u00e2nia, document\u00e2nd emisiile de metan din sectorul petrolului \u0219i gazelor \u00een peste 150 de amplasamente \u0219i descoperind emisii semnificative la peste 80% din aceastea din cauza ventil\u0103rii inten\u021bionate \u0219i a scurgerilor. Folosind o camer\u0103 optic\u0103 de imagistic\u0103 a gazelor, ace\u0219tia au putut detecta emisiile invizibile, demonstr\u00e2nd astfel problema r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 a polu\u0103rii cu metan [3].<\/p>\n\n<p>Problema este c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia \u00eent\u00e2rzie implementarea complet\u0103 a regulamentului european. Statul rom\u00e2n a ratat termene importante stabilite de legisla\u021bia european\u0103, iar proiectul de act normativ preg\u0103tit pentru aplicarea regulamentului con\u021bine \u00eenc\u0103 lacune semnificative. Amenzile propuse sunt prea mici pentru a descuraja marii operatori [4], iar unele mecanisme obligatorii prev\u0103zute de regulament lipsesc sau sunt insuficient definite.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, Rom\u00e2nia preg\u0103te\u0219te exploatarea gazelor din Neptun Deep. Dac\u0103 statul nu este capabil s\u0103 controleze \u0219i s\u0103 reduc\u0103 emisiile provenite de la infrastructura existent\u0103, apar \u00eentreb\u0103ri legitime despre capacitatea de a monitoriza \u0219i noile exploat\u0103ri offshore.<\/p>\n\n<p>Reducerea emisiilor de metan nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar protec\u021bia climei. Metanul contribuie la formarea ozonului la nivelul solului, un poluant care afecteaz\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii, agraveaz\u0103 astmul \u0219i cre\u0219te riscul bolilor respiratorii. \u00cen plus, multe scurgeri sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de alte substan\u021be toxice \u0219i cancerigene, care afecteaz\u0103 comunit\u0103\u021bile din apropierea exploat\u0103rilor sau infrastructurii conexe.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rom\u00e2nia nu-\u0219i poate permite am\u00e2n\u0103ri. Din contr\u0103, are nevoie de aplicarea integral\u0103 a Regulamentului European privind Metanul, de controale reale \u0219i de sanc\u021biuni care s\u0103 descurajeze poluarea. Metanul este una dintre cele mai rapide c\u0103i prin care putem \u00eencetini schimb\u0103rile climatice \u0219i proteja s\u0103n\u0103tatea oamenilor. Iar fiecare an pierdut \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai mult\u0103 poluare \u0219i costuri mai mari pentru to\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>NOTE:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>[1] European Geosciences Union, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: High potential for CH4 emission mitigation from oil infrastructure in one of EU&#8217;s major production regions <a href=\"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/23\/10399\/2023\/\">https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/23\/10399\/2023\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>[2] ROMEO &#8211; ROmanian Methane Emissions from Oil &amp; gas <a href=\"http:\/\/romeo-memo2.wikidot.com\/\">http:\/\/romeo-memo2.wikidot.com\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>[3] Methane pollution in Romania: a critical opportunity for energy security and climate action <a href=\"https:\/\/2celsius.org\/en\/methane-pollution-in-romania-a-critical-opportunity-for-energy-security-and-climate-action\/\">https:\/\/2celsius.org\/en\/methane-pollution-in-romania-a-critical-opportunity-for-energy-security-and-climate-action\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>[4] Ecologic: Proiectul de lege al Rom\u00e2niei privind Regimul de Sanc\u021biuni pentru \u00eenc\u0103lcarea Regulamentului UE privind Metanul.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fabiz.ase.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Romanias-Draft-Penalty-Rules-for-the-Violations-of-the-EU-Methane-Regulation_RO.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fabiz.ase.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Romanias-Draft-Penalty-Rules-for-the-Violations-of-the-EU-Methane-Regulation_RO.pdf<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O ton\u0103 de metan \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te planeta de aproximativ 80 de ori mai mult dec\u00e2t o ton\u0103 de CO\u2082 pe termen scurt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":79604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[143],"p4-page-type":[],"class_list":["post-79603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima-si-energie","tag-metan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79603"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79608,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79603\/revisions\/79608"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79603"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=79603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}