{"id":79611,"date":"2026-06-11T07:54:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T04:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/?p=79611"},"modified":"2026-06-29T13:07:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:07:35","slug":"harta-sondele-abandonate-din-romania-o-problema-istorica-ce-trebuie-rezolvata-rapidepede-de-marii-poluatori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/articol\/79611\/harta-sondele-abandonate-din-romania-o-problema-istorica-ce-trebuie-rezolvata-rapidepede-de-marii-poluatori\/","title":{"rendered":"Harta sondele abandonate din Rom\u00e2nia: o problem\u0103 istoric\u0103 ce trebuie rezolvat\u0103 rapid de marii poluatori"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>C\u00e2nd ne g\u00e2ndim la poluare, ne imagin\u0103m adesea co\u0219uri mari de fum sau e\u0219apamentele ma\u0219inilor blocate \u00een trafic. \u00cens\u0103 una dintre cele mai mari amenin\u021b\u0103ri la adresa climei \u0219i a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii noastre este complet invizibil\u0103: <strong>metanul (CH4)<\/strong>. Pe termen scurt, o ton\u0103 de metan are o putere de \u00eenc\u0103lzire de aproximativ 80 de ori mai mare dec\u00e2t o ton\u0103 de CO2, fiind responsabil pentru aproape 0,5\u00b0C din \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 actual\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>O nou\u0103 hart\u0103 interactiv\u0103 publicat\u0103 de Greenpeace Rom\u00e2nia scoate la lumin\u0103 mii de sonde istorice de petrol \u0219i gaze din Rom\u00e2nia. Aceste sonde nu mai produc petrol sau gaze \u0219i figureaz\u0103 ca \u201einactive\u201d, \u00eenchise \u201etemporar\u201d sau \u201epermanent \u0219i abandonate\u201d, \u00eens\u0103 continu\u0103 s\u0103 emit\u0103 metan. Platforma permite oricui s\u0103 vad\u0103, \u00een timp real, dac\u0103 are o poten\u021bial\u0103 surs\u0103 de poluare chiar \u00een vecin\u0103tatea casei sau a localit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Harta digital\u0103 poate fi accesat\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.greenpeace.org\/maps\/gpcee\/romania-old-abandoned-oil-gas-wells\/?lang=ro\">aici.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/maps.greenpeace.org\/maps\/gpcee\/romania-old-abandoned-oil-gas-wells\/?lang=ro\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" style=\"border:0;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n<p>Rom\u00e2nia, av\u00e2nd una dintre cele mai vechi industrii petroliere din lume, se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul acestei probleme a scurgerilor de metan. Iar primul pas &#8211; obligatoriu &#8211; pentru a o rezolva este un exerci\u021biu elementar de inventariere: <strong>s\u0103 \u0219tim exact unde se afl\u0103 aceste sonde<\/strong> forate de-a lungul timpului pe teritoriul \u021b\u0103rii noastre.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 recent, autorit\u0103\u021bile au ridicat din umeri \u0219i s-au ascuns \u00een spatele birocra\u021biei, \u00eens\u0103 acum sunt obligate sa fac\u0103 asta conform reglement\u0103rilor europene.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La ce ne oblig\u0103 legea european\u0103?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>\u00cen iunie 2024, Uniunea European\u0103 a adoptat Regulamentul (UE) 2024\/1787 privind reducerea emisiilor de metan \u00een sectorul energetic, un act normativ cu aplicare direct\u0103, care for\u021beaz\u0103 statele membre s\u0103 identifice \u0219i s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 pierderile de metan. Printre obliga\u021biile stricte introduse de UE, al\u0103turi de detectarea rapid\u0103 a scurgerilor sau interzicerea ventil\u0103rii \u00een atmosfer\u0103, prima \u0219i cea mai important\u0103 este <strong>cartografierea tuturor sondelor forate <\/strong>\u2013 inactive, \u00eenchise temporar sau \u00eenchise permanent \u0219i abandonate. E ca atunci c\u00e2nd o \u021beav\u0103 se sparge \u00eentr-o cas\u0103: <strong>nu po\u021bi opri scurgerea dac\u0103 nu \u0219tii unde se afl\u0103 sursa ei.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Regulamentul european a oferit un calendar etapizat tocmai pentru c\u0103 num\u0103rul sondelor istorice din Rom\u00e2nia este uria\u0219. Astfel, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 august 2025, inventarul trebuia s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 20% din totalul sondelor. Ulterior, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2027 trebuie atins pragul de 45%, \u00een 2028 \u2013 70%, \u00een 2029 \u2013 85%, iar \u00een 2030 \u2013 un procent de 100%.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ce a f\u0103cut statul rom\u00e2n? \u00cen conformitate cu prima etap\u0103, Autoritatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de Reglementare \u00een Domeniul Minier, Petrolier \u0219i al Stoc\u0103rii Geologice (fosta ANRM) a publicat o list\u0103 cu <strong>10.168 de sonde<\/strong> dintre care 8.593 inactive, 509 \u00eenchise temporar \u0219i 1.066 definitiv abandonate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Institu\u021bia a bifat baremul minim de 20%, \u00eens\u0103 realitatea r\u0103m\u00e2ne de-a dreptul alarmant\u0103: \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologic.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/2025\/30026-Implementing-the-EU-Methane-Regulation-in-Romania.pdf\">Rom\u00e2nia au fost forate de-a lungul istoriei \u00eentre <strong>50.000 \u0219i 60.000 de sonde<\/strong><\/a>. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 statul recunoa\u0219te oficial \u0219i monitorizeaz\u0103 \u00een prezent doar o cincime. Restul de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50.000 de sonde r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een afara controlului strict actual \u2013 adic\u0103 nicio autoritate sau companie nu monitorizeaz\u0103 dac\u0103 acestea au emisii de metan.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>De ce companiile nu \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103responsabilitatea?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Din cele 10.168 de sonde inventariate p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, <strong>peste 84% (8.593) sunt \u00eencadrate ca \u201einactive\u201d<\/strong>, \u00een timp ce doar 1.066 sunt declarate ca fiind \u201edefinitiv abandonate\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>De ce le \u021bin companiile sondele \u00een aceast\u0103 stare de \u201einactiv\u201d etern, \u00een loc s\u0103 le \u00eenchid\u0103 definitiv \u0219i s\u0103 le ecologizeze? R\u0103spunsul se rezum\u0103 la trei mari motive: <strong>bani, birocra\u021bie \u0219i eschivarea de la r\u0103spunderea legal\u0103. <\/strong>Companiile petroliere refuz\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenchid\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ecologizeze mii de sonde abandonate pentru a evita costurile uria\u0219e de dezafectare \u0219i r\u0103spunderea pentru poluarea istoric\u0103 a solului. Ele profit\u0103 de legile bl\u00e2nde din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i folosesc statutul de sond\u0103 \u201einactiv\u0103\u201d ca pe o porti\u021b\u0103 legal\u0103 pentru a p\u0103stra instala\u021biile \u00een portofoliu ca poten\u021biale active viitoare, evit\u00e2nd astfel obliga\u021bia \u0219i costurile dezafect\u0103rii definitive, \u00een timp ce aceste instala\u021bii degradate continu\u0103 s\u0103 emit\u0103 metan \u0219i substan\u021be cancerigene direct \u00een aerul comunit\u0103\u021bilor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Companiile adun\u0103 miliarde, comunit\u0103\u021bile inspir\u0103 metan<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>\u00cen timp ce marii operatori istorici, OMV Petrom \u0219i Romgaz, raporteaz\u0103 profituri de miliarde \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i direc\u021bioneaz\u0103 toat\u0103 aten\u021bia \u0219i resursele spre mega-exploatarea de gaze Neptun Deep din Marea Neagr\u0103, trecutul lor poluant de pe uscat r\u0103m\u00e2ne nerezolvat.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fabiz.ase.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Romanias-Draft-Penalty-Rules-for-the-Violations-of-the-EU-Methane-Regulation_RO.pdf\">Analizele privind legisla\u021bia na\u021bional\u0103 de implementare arat\u0103 c\u0103 proiectele propuse de ministere con\u021bin lacune semnificative<\/a>. De exemplu, amenzile luate \u00een calcul sunt foarte mici: sumele minime variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 10.000 \u0219i 50.000 de lei (aproximativ 2.000 &#8211; 10.000 Euro). Pentru o corpora\u021bie de miliarde, este mult mai ieftin s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 o sanc\u021biune simbolic\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 \u00een sigilarea definitiv\u0103 \u0219i ecologizarea a mii de sonde periculoase.<\/p>\n\n<p>Harta publicat\u0103 de noi este un semnal de alarm\u0103 care cere autorit\u0103\u021bilor m\u0103suri urgente: <strong>amenzi aspre pentru poluatori, finalizarea \u00een timp a Registrului Na\u021bional al sondelor \u0219i obligarea companiilor s\u0103 repare rapid toate scurgerile de gaze toxice<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Intr\u0103 pe <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maps.greenpeace.org\/maps\/gpcee\/romania-old-abandoned-oil-gas-wells\/?lang=ro\"><strong>harta<\/strong><\/a><strong> Greenpeace, caut\u0103-\u021bi regiunea \u0219i vezi dac\u0103 sunt sonde \u00een zona ta.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O nou\u0103 hart\u0103 interactiv\u0103 publicat\u0103 de Greenpeace Rom\u00e2nia scoate la lumin\u0103 mii de sonde istorice de petrol \u0219i gaze din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":79621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[143],"p4-page-type":[],"class_list":["post-79611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima-si-energie","tag-metan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79611"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79624,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79611\/revisions\/79624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79611"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/romania\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=79611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}