{"id":3842,"date":"2020-09-21T16:03:59","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T14:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.sk\/?p=3842"},"modified":"2025-07-02T09:23:02","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T07:23:02","slug":"co-je-klimaticka-zmena-kriza-ktorej-sme-uz-dnes-svedkami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/clanok\/3842\/co-je-klimaticka-zmena-kriza-ktorej-sme-uz-dnes-svedkami\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je klimatick\u00e1 zmena? Kr\u00edza, ktorej sme u\u017e dnes svedkami."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kl\u00edma sa menila, men\u00ed a meni\u0165 bude. \u010co sa, ale deje teraz? Po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v hist\u00f3rii plan\u00e9ty \u010dlovek men\u00ed kl\u00edmu na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni a z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ohrozuje vlastn\u00fd \u017eivot, ako aj \u017eivoty ostatn\u00fdch druhov na plan\u00e9te. A na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich zmien, t\u00e1to zmena je bezprecedentne r\u00fdchla.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza vznikla kv\u00f4li zmene chemick\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia atmosf\u00e9ry, ktor\u00fa sp\u00f4sobuje \u010dlovek spa\u013eovan\u00edm fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

\u010co to presne znamen\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na\u0161a civiliz\u00e1cia je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na fos\u00edlnych paliv\u00e1ch: rope, uhl\u00ed a plyne. Energiu z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv uvo\u013e\u0148ujeme spa\u013eovan\u00edm, pri ktorom okrem energie (tepla) vznik\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vodn\u00e1 para a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. A je to pr\u00e1ve sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn CO2 (oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd), ktor\u00fd je medzi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdmi plynmi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm h\u00fdbate\u013eom s\u00fa\u010dasnej klimatickej zmeny. Spa\u013eovan\u00edm fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv sa do atmosf\u00e9ry dost\u00e1va fos\u00edlny uhl\u00edk, ktor\u00fd bol mili\u00f3ny rokov ulo\u017een\u00fd v podzem\u00ed a t\u00fdm sa naru\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1ha uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu a narastaj\u00fa koncentr\u00e1cie CO2 v atmosf\u00e9re. Od za\u010diatku priemyselnej revol\u00facie (spa\u013eovanie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv v priemyselnom meradle), teda za posledn\u00fdch zhruba 150 rokov sme jeho koncentr\u00e1ciu dok\u00e1zali zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 z cca 280 ppm na s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch 414 ppm (ppm = \u010dastica na jeden mili\u00f3n). Teda zhruba o 40 %.<\/p>\n\n

\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n

Pre\u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee je CO2 sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tepla, ktor\u00e9mu nedovolia svoju energiu vy\u017eiari\u0165 do vesm\u00edru. Teplo sa zachyt\u00ed a ohreje zemsk\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru. Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre udr\u017eanie \u017eivota na Zemi, bez nich by bola teplota asi o 33 \u00b0C ni\u017e\u0161ia ako v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm zo sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov je vodn\u00e1 para. Napriek tomu, \u017ee m\u00e1 najsilnej\u0161\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt, pre klimatick\u00fa zmenu je, ale z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo CO2 v atmosf\u00e9re.  Pre\u010do je tomu tak? D\u00f4vodov je hne\u010f nieko\u013eko: <\/p>\n\n

1. Vplyv vodnej pary v atmosf\u00e9re je ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tky. V priemere ka\u017ed\u00e1 vyparen\u00e1 molekula vody spadne na zem za dev\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed vo forme zr\u00e1\u017eok. Nem\u00f4\u017ee sa teda podie\u013ea\u0165 na dlhodobom raste glob\u00e1lnej priemernej teploty. <\/p>\n\n

2. Mno\u017estvo vodn\u00fdch p\u00e1r v atmosf\u00e9re je definovan\u00e9 teplotou. Vy\u0161\u0161ia teplota znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpar a viac vodnej pary. Vodn\u00e1 para je tak pozit\u00edvnou sp\u00e4tnou v\u00e4zbou prepojen\u00e1 s koncentr\u00e1ciami \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov (predov\u0161etk\u00fdm CO2). Ak ohrejeme atmosf\u00e9ru zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm koncentr\u00e1cie CO2, zv\u00fd\u0161i sa v\u00fdpar vody, \u010do vedie k \u010fal\u0161iemu n\u00e1rastu tepl\u00f4t.<\/p>\n\n

3. CO2 nie je s\u00edce \u201enajsilnej\u0161\u00ed\u201c sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn, ale m\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu koncentr\u00e1ciu. Napr\u00edklad met\u00e1n (CH4) sa meria na \u00farovni ppb (particles per billion \u2013 1 \u00d7 10\u22129 <\/sup>), CO2 sa meria na \u00farovni ppm (particles per milion \u2013 2 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup>)<\/p>\n\n

4. Priemern\u00e1 doba, po ktor\u00fa jedna molekula CO2 zost\u00e1va v atmosf\u00e9re je 20-200 rokov. V porovnan\u00ed s vodnou parou sa jedn\u00e1 o ve\u013emi dlh\u00fa peri\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n

Pre\u010do hovor\u00edme o klimatickej kr\u00edze?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

To, \u010doho sme dnes svedkami nie je prv\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 zmena, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1\u0161 druh pre\u017e\u00edva. T\u00e1to zmena je, ale pre na\u0161u pr\u00edrodu a \u013eudsk\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 na rozdiel od t\u00fdch predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich ve\u013emi r\u00fdchla. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 zmeny a jej r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prakticky znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa prirodzen\u00fa adapt\u00e1ciu rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. \u010co je e\u0161te s\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 na\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov a krajiny.<\/p>\n\n

A pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch 7 mili\u00e1rd \u013eud\u00ed predstavuje riziko na nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u00farovniach. Nieko\u013eko tis\u00edc rokov stabiln\u00e9 po\u010dasie, na ktorom sme postavili na\u0161e po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, sa za\u010d\u00edna meni\u0165, vy\u0161\u0161ia teplota atmosf\u00e9ry prin\u00e1\u0161a viac extr\u00e9mneho po\u010dasia<\/a>, \u010do znamen\u00e1 jedin\u00e9 \u2013 nestabilitu v\u00fdnosov rastl\u00edn, na ktor\u00fdch sme z\u00e1visl\u00ed. A zmena distrib\u00facie vodn\u00fdch zr\u00e1\u017eok je samozrejme spojen\u00e1 s rizikom nedostatku vody.<\/p>\n\n

Otep\u013eovanie oce\u00e1nov prin\u00e1\u0161a dv\u00edhanie morskej hladiny, ktor\u00e9, ak bude pokra\u010dova\u0165, zasol\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku p\u00f4du a vy\u017eenie obyvate\u013eov pobre\u017e\u00ed do vn\u00fatrozemia. Nehovoriac o negat\u00edvnom vplyve klimatickej zmeny na environment\u00e1lnu stabilitu oce\u00e1nov. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty a zn\u00ed\u017eenie pH oce\u00e1nov v d\u00f4sledku vy\u0161\u0161ej koncentr\u00e1cie CO2 v atmosf\u00e9re u\u017e zni\u010dilo ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 koralov\u00fdch \u00fatesov, na ktor\u00fdch je potravinovo z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 \u013eudskej popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n

D\u00f4sledky klimatickej zmeny sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti a omnoho negat\u00edvnej\u0161ie vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na chudobn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a chudobn\u00e9 krajiny, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa prostriedky sa prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165. Pritom len 1 % najbohat\u0161\u00edch je svoj\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom zodpovedn\u00fdch za viac ako dvojn\u00e1sobok emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov<\/a> ako najchudobnej\u0161\u00edch 50 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie. Uveden\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det je len drobn\u00fdm nahliadnut\u00edm do komplexn\u00fdch dopadov zvy\u0161uj\u00facej sa glob\u00e1lnej priemernej teploty na na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu. A pr\u00e1ve preto hovor\u00edme o klimatickej kr\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n

\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n

M\u00f4\u017eeme s t\u00fdm nie\u010do robi\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Niektor\u00fdm dopadom klimatickej kr\u00edzy sa u\u017e nevyhneme. Glob\u00e1lna priemern\u00e1 teplota u\u017e vzr\u00e1stla o viac ako o 1\u00b0C.<\/a> Vlak klimatickej zmeny sme u\u017e dali do pohybu. Nedok\u00e1\u017eeme ho zastavi\u0165 za mesiac, ani za rok. \u010co napriek tomu dok\u00e1\u017eeme, je rozbehnut\u00fd vlak spomali\u0165, jeho trasu odkloni\u0165 od t\u00fdch najhor\u0161\u00edch predikci\u00ed v\u00fdvoja a vr\u00e1ti\u0165 ho sp\u00e4\u0165 tam, kam patr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

K Par\u00ed\u017eskej zmluve sa prihl\u00e1silo 195 kraj\u00edn sveta. S\u00fahlasili, \u017ee celosvetov\u00e9 emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov musia najnesk\u00f4r v roku 2020 presta\u0165 st\u00fapa\u0165 a \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie klesn\u00fa\u0165 a\u017e na nulu v druhej polovici storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch rie\u0161en\u00ed je zbavi\u0165 sa na\u0161ej z\u00e1vislosti na fos\u00edlnych paliv\u00e1ch. F\u00ednsko vyhl\u00e1silo, \u017ee chce by\u0165 klimaticky neutr\u00e1lne v roku 2035, cel\u00e1 EU debatuje o roku 2050.<\/p>\n\n

Na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu n\u00e1\u0161ho energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je potrebn\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s, mus\u00edme ale za\u010da\u0165 spolo\u010dne. My sami, na\u0161i susedia, na\u0161e firmy, na\u0161i politici a na\u0161e \u0161t\u00e1ty. Mus\u00edme za\u010da\u0165 pracova\u0165 ihne\u010f, preto\u017ee \u010das sa kr\u00e1ti.<\/p>\n\n

Pod\u013ea prepo\u010dtov d\u00e1t z Medzivl\u00e1dneho panelu o zmene kl\u00edmy (IPCC) a vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fac z historickej zodpovednosti<\/a> Eur\u00f3py za ve\u013ek\u00fd podiel emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov je na zastavenie rastu priemernej glob\u00e1lnej teploty na 1,5 C potrebn\u00e9, aby cel\u00e1 E\u00da bola uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lna u\u017e v roku 2040. M\u00e1me na to technol\u00f3gie, vedeck\u00e9 kapacity a takisto mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00fa klimatick\u00fa spravodlivos\u0165 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1s, pr\u00edrodu a takisto bud\u00face gener\u00e1cie. Aby sa n\u00e1m to podarilo, potrebujeme okrem ambici\u00f3znych klimatick\u00fdch polit\u00edk u\u017e kone\u010dne zlomi\u0165 moc fos\u00edlneho biznisu a jeho politick\u00fdch podporovate\u013eov. Pr\u00e1ve honba fos\u00edlnych korpor\u00e1cii za ziskom st\u00e1la pri zrode klimatickej kr\u00edzy a u\u017e viac ako 40 rokov br\u00e1ni \u00fa\u010dinnej transform\u00e1cii energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

St\u00e1le m\u00e1me \u010das na to, aby sme v\u010das zastavili klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu a odvr\u00e1tili jej najhor\u0161ie dopady. Mus\u00edme v\u0161ak kona\u0165 spolo\u010dne a prin\u00fati\u0165 t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed na nej profituj\u00fa k zodpovednosti. <\/p>\n\n

Je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das na radik\u00e1lnu zmenu. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kl\u00edma sa menila, men\u00ed a meni\u0165 bude. \u010co sa ale deje teraz? Po prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t v hist\u00f3ri\u00ed plan\u00e9ty \u010dlovek men\u00ed kl\u00edmu na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni a z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ohrozuje \u017eivot…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":3843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[6],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-3842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zmen","tag-klimatickakriza","p4-page-type-clanok"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3842"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9931,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3842\/revisions\/9931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3842"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=3842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}