{"id":5402,"date":"2023-08-03T15:49:39","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/?p=5402"},"modified":"2023-08-03T15:51:37","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:51:37","slug":"den-prekrocenia-kapacity-zeme-vybrat-si-cestu-sebestacnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/clanok\/5402\/den-prekrocenia-kapacity-zeme-vybrat-si-cestu-sebestacnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u0148 prekro\u010denia kapacity Zeme: Vyberme si cestu sebesta\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2. augusta bol De\u0148 prekro\u010denia kapacity Zeme, tzv. Earth Overshoot Day. Je to de\u0148, ke\u010f na\u0161a plan\u00e9ta, metaforicky povedan\u00e9, pla\u010de, za\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 chamtivos\u0165ou bohat\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn a \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nadmerne spotreb\u00favaj\u00fa v\u0161etko, \u010do sa d\u00e1. Pod\u013ea anal\u00fdzy Global Footprint Network#<\/a> dne\u0161n\u00fd de\u0148 predstavuje bod, ke\u010f \u013eudstvo za\u010d\u00edna spotrebov\u00e1va\u0165 zdroje nad \u00farove\u0148, ktor\u00fa je plan\u00e9ta schopn\u00e1 doplni\u0165 za rok.<\/p>\n\n

Za posledn\u00fdch 50 rokov prich\u00e1dza De\u0148 prekro\u010denia \u010doraz sk\u00f4r. T\u00ed z n\u00e1s, ktor\u00ed \u017eij\u00fa v bohat\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1ch, si musia pripomen\u00fa\u0165 na\u0161u spolo\u010dn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za to, aby sme \u017eili dostato\u010dne a zvolili si vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa vl\u00e1dnu\u0165 korpor\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 \u0161liapu po krehk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9moch Zeme a tla\u010dia plan\u00e9tu za jej hranice. Prekro\u010denie limitov nie je nevyhnutnos\u0165ou. Pod\u013ea hodnotenia siete Global Footprint Network viac ako \u0161tvrtina kraj\u00edn na svete neprekra\u010duje hranice spotreby.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Earth Overshoot Day 2023
\u00a9 Global Footprint Network<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Probl\u00e9m zni\u017eovania na\u0161ej ekologickej stopy v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee nem\u00e1me modely udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho \u017eivota, ale v tom, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn charakterizuje chudoba. Bohat\u0161ie krajiny, ktor\u00e9 nadmerne spa\u013euj\u00fa fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1, e\u0161te nepodnikli n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale \u00faplne uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9 kroky, aby \u017eili bez nich. Predstavi\u0165 si nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby \u017eivota si vy\u017eaduje nejak\u00fd pl\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd by n\u00e1s viedol.<\/p>\n\n

Jednou z kraj\u00edn, ktor\u00e1 pon\u00faka nieko\u013eko n\u00e1padov, ako sa pohn\u00fa\u0165 vpred, je Uruguaj: mal\u00e1 krajina s kopcami, ktorej sk\u00fasenosti ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby zdrojov Zeme neznamen\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161iu \u017eivotn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Hoci neexistuje „univerz\u00e1lna \u0161abl\u00f3na“ pre udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165, Uruguaj ukazuje, \u017ee ved\u00faci predstavitelia krajiny m\u00f4\u017eu cie\u013eavedome zni\u017eova\u0165 svoju ekologick\u00fa stopu.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Earth Overshoot Day 2023
\u00a9 Global Footprint Network<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Uruguaj pri poh\u013eade na svoju ned\u00e1vnu minulos\u0165 zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam politickej v\u00f4le a odv\u00e1\u017enych krokov, pokia\u013e ide o dosahovanie udr\u017eate\u013enosti. Ukazuje, \u017ee ju m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 ruka v ruke so soci\u00e1lnou spravodlivos\u0165ou a ekonomickou bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou pre mnoh\u00fdch. Uruguaj m\u00e1 jednu z najni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed pr\u00edjmovej nerovnosti v Latinskej Amerike <\/a>a takmer \u00fapln\u00fa absenciu extr\u00e9mnej chudoby<\/a>. Vl\u00e1da v\u00fdrazne investovala do vzdel\u00e1vania, zdravotnej starostlivosti, minim\u00e1lnej mzdy indexovanej pod\u013ea infl\u00e1cie a progres\u00edvneho da\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd prerozde\u013euje bohatstvo od bohat\u00fdch k chudobn\u00fdm – to v\u0161etko pomohlo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 chudobu a nerovnos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

Toto zameranie na soci\u00e1lnu starostlivos\u0165 pomohlo vytvori\u0165 stabilnej\u0161iu a odolnej\u0161iu spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ktorej obyvatelia s\u00fa menej zranite\u013en\u00ed vo\u010di hospod\u00e1rskym otrasom a maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u0161ancu prekona\u0165 kr\u00edzu. Nie je prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee Uruguaj je jednou z naj\u0161\u0165astnej\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn v Latinskej Amerike<\/a>, so silnou soci\u00e1lnou z\u00e1chrannou sie\u0165ou a vysokou \u017eivotnou \u00farov\u0148ou.<\/p>\n\n

Uruguaj zn\u00ed\u017eil svoju z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv t\u00fdm, \u017ee vytvoril sektor obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie, v\u010faka \u010domu sa stal svetov\u00fdm l\u00eddrom v tejto oblasti. V priebehu 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia a v roku 2000 odkladal pl\u00e1ny na rozvoj nov\u00fdch zdrojov energie a bol \u010doraz viac z\u00e1visl\u00fd od svojich tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed spa\u013euj\u00facich ropu. Nestabiln\u00e9 ceny komod\u00edt viedli k \u010dastej\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdpadkom elektriny a nedostatku paliva a vl\u00e1da bola n\u00faten\u00e1 h\u013eada\u0165 sp\u00f4soby, ako by krajina mohla dosiahnu\u0165 energetick\u00fa nez\u00e1vislos\u0165. Jadrov\u00fa energiu vyl\u00fa\u010dili pre toxick\u00fd odpad, a energia z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov za\u010dala by\u0165 \u010doraz atrakt\u00edvnej\u0161ia, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady klesli na konkurencieschopn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. Uruguaj mal aj \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00fdhodu: mno\u017estvo vetern\u00fdch ran\u010dov vhodn\u00fdch na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu ve\u013ek\u00fdch vetern\u00fdch turb\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Hist\u00f3ria d\u0148a Earth Overshoot Day od roku 1971.
\u00a9 Global Footprint Network<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

V roku 2008 Uruguaj za\u010dal s prechodom na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie, v\u010faka \u010domu dnes vytvoril jednu z najekologickej\u0161\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch siet\u00ed na svete, ktor\u00e1 je z 98 % nap\u00e1jan\u00e1 obnovite\u013enou energiou<\/a>, najm\u00e4 vodnou a veternou. Ke\u010f\u017ee Uruguaj sa stal l\u00eddrom v oblasti technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a v\u00fdvozu obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie, tento z\u00e1v\u00e4zok smerom k \u010distej energii vytvoril nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesta a hospod\u00e1rske pr\u00edle\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n\n

Probl\u00e9m s financovan\u00edm transform\u00e1cie sa podarilo prekona\u0165 bez toho, aby museli \u010derpa\u0165 zo svojich da\u0148ov\u00fdch pr\u00edjmov. Namiesto toho sa podarilo pril\u00e1ka\u0165 8 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov invest\u00edci\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom zml\u00fav o v\u00fdkupe elektrickej energie (PPA), ktor\u00e9 pon\u00fakali dlhodob\u00e9 zmluvy s pevn\u00fdmi sadzbami, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch vl\u00e1da vykupovala 100 % v\u00fdroby energie z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov. Dnes umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zmluvy PPA, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti priemyseln\u00fdm \u0161tandardom, mnoh\u00fdm rozvojov\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m pr\u00edstup k technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov. Tie boli dovtedy dostupn\u00e9 len pre t\u00fdch najbohat\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Hoci ved\u00faci predstavitelia Uruguaja urobili v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach nieko\u013eko dobr\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, nie v\u0161etk\u00fdm rozhodnutiam vl\u00e1dy sa ned\u00e1 ni\u010d vytkn\u00fa\u0165. Uruguaj \u010del\u00ed najhor\u0161ej vodnej kr\u00edze vo svojej hist\u00f3rii, sucho zn\u00e1soben\u00e9 zl\u00fdm hospod\u00e1ren\u00edm a nekontrolovan\u00fdm rastom mestsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u00fadajne zavinilo vy\u010derpanie hlavnej z\u00e1soby, ktor\u00e1 z\u00e1sobuje hlavn\u00e9 mesto Montevideo<\/a>. Aktivisti tie\u017e kritizovali \u00farady za to, \u017ee uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa vodu pre nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti a agropodniky na \u00fakor vlastn\u00fdch ob\u010danov, vr\u00e1tane pl\u00e1nov na vybudovanie d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra spolo\u010dnosti Google<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 by malo spotrebova\u0165 mili\u00f3ny litrov vody.<\/p>\n\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e9 obavy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj pl\u00e1ny Uruguaja na roz\u0161\u00edrenie prieskumu lo\u017e\u00edsk ropy a zemn\u00e9ho plynu v hlbok\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch<\/a> po ned\u00e1vnom objaven\u00ed nov\u00fdch zna\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob pri jeho pobre\u017e\u00ed. Uruguaj sa teraz zameriava na roz\u0161\u00edrenie v\u00fdroby a spotreby prostredn\u00edctvom obchodu a presadzuje de\u0161trukt\u00edvnu dohodu E\u00da-Mercosur<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Dnes stoj\u00edme na pomyselnej kri\u017eovatke na\u0161ich \u013eudsk\u00fdch dej\u00edn. T\u00ed z n\u00e1s, ktor\u00ed \u017eij\u00fa v krajin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e d\u00e1vno pred 2.augustom pre\u017eili de\u0148 nadspotreby, m\u00f4\u017eu naozaj dobre \u017ei\u0165 aj bez takejto extr\u00e9mnej nadspotreby. M\u00f4\u017eeme tla\u010di\u0165 na na\u0161e vl\u00e1dy, aby nasledovali pr\u00edklad kraj\u00edn ako Uruguaj a zaviedli politiku, ktor\u00e1 uprednost\u0148uje spolo\u010densk\u00e9 dobro nad ziskom a dobrom p\u00e1r jednotlivcov. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca v\u0161ak nem\u00e1 koniec a ani krajiny, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pozit\u00edvne v\u00fdsledky v oblasti soci\u00e1lne zdrav\u00fdch polit\u00edk a prispievaj\u00fa k potrebn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, nesm\u00fa zaspa\u0165 na vavr\u00ednoch alebo im nesmieme dovoli\u0165 po\u013eavi\u0165.
<\/p>\n\n

Pre uruguajsk\u00fdch l\u00eddrov, podnikate\u013eov a pracovn\u00edkov neznamenal prechod na zelen\u00fa energiu len prechod na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje, ale aj zmenu vo vlastnom myslen\u00ed. Namiesto toho, aby \u0161pekulovali o paralyzuj\u00facich kr\u00edzach bud\u00facnosti, pok\u00fasili sa k nim prist\u00fapi\u0165 ako ku ka\u017edodenn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s rie\u0161eniami zameran\u00fdmi na \u013eud\u00ed<\/a>. V\u0161\u00edmajme si tieto pozit\u00edvne pr\u00edklady \u010dastej\u0161ie, in\u0161pirujme sa nimi a pok\u00fasme sa D\u0148a prekro\u010denia kapac\u00edt Zeme nadobro zbavi\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2. augusta bol De\u0148 prekro\u010denia kapacity Zeme, tzv. Earth Overshoot Day. Je to de\u0148, ke\u010f na\u0161a plan\u00e9ta, metaforicky povedan\u00e9, pla\u010de, za\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 chamtivos\u0165ou bohat\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn a \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nadmerne spotreb\u00favaj\u00fa v\u0161etko…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":5403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21,3],"tags":[6],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-5402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","category-zmen","tag-klimatickakriza","p4-page-type-clanok"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5402"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5407,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5402\/revisions\/5407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5402"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}