{"id":5410,"date":"2023-09-07T13:07:50","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T11:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/?p=5410"},"modified":"2023-09-07T15:28:25","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T13:28:25","slug":"den-amazonskeho-dazdoveho-pralesa-v-ohnivych-casoch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/clanok\/5410\/den-amazonskeho-dazdoveho-pralesa-v-ohnivych-casoch\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u0148 amazonsk\u00e9ho da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9ho pralesa v Ohniv\u00fdch \u010dasoch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tropick\u00fd prales na svete je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pre klimatick\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu, ale \u010doraz viac sa bl\u00ed\u017ei k bodu zvratu. K bodu, ke\u010f mnoho men\u0161\u00edch aktiv\u00edt spust\u00ed jednu ve\u013ek\u00fa – tak\u00fa, ktor\u00fa u\u017e nebude mo\u017eno zastavi\u0165 Ak tomu chceme zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, budeme potrebova\u0165 syst\u00e9mov\u00fa zmenu.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n

P\u00ed\u0161e sa rok 2023 a svet s hr\u00f4zou sleduje historicky rekordn\u00e9 teploty. Plan\u00e9ta hor\u00ed. Je to reakcia pr\u00edrody na na\u0161u ne\u010dinnos\u0165 pokia\u013e ide o boj so zmenou kl\u00edmy. Ale v Amaz\u00f3nii maj\u00fa po\u017eiare, ktor\u00e9 spa\u013euj\u00fa lesy do tla, trochu in\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu – chamtivos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n

Hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m je nekone\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie obmedzen\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov. Tento model prin\u00e1\u0161a zisk malej skupine \u013eud\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0165ahuje spolo\u010dnos\u0165 do ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Vyzer\u00e1 to tak, \u017ee sme sa tak hrali s oh\u0148om, a\u017e sme sami ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko toho, \u017ee sa \u0161karedo pop\u00e1lime.<\/p>\n\n

Tak ve\u013emi by som chcela po\u010das D\u0148a amazonsk\u00e9ho pralesa oslavova\u0165 divokos\u0165 riek, kr\u00e1su stromov a in\u0161pirat\u00edvnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed v tejto jedine\u010dnej oblasti. Namiesto toho sa v\u0161ak treba zastavi\u0165, zamyslie\u0165 sa nad t\u00fdm, kam sme dospeli, a zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, kam mus\u00edme z\u00e1js\u0165 ak chceme zachova\u0165 pralesy a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 oblasti po celom svete.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Marizilda Cruppe \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Amazon, zelen\u00fd obor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Amazonsk\u00e1 panva sa rozprestiera na ploche 6,7 mili\u00f3na km\u00b2<\/a> v deviatich juhoamerick\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch: v Braz\u00edlii, Bol\u00edvii, Ekv\u00e1dore, Guyane, Kolumbii, Franc\u00fazskej Guyane, Peru, Suriname a Venezuele. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 je v Braz\u00edlii, kde sa nach\u00e1dza 60 % tohto obrovsk\u00e9ho pralesa a \u017eije tu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013estva, pribli\u017ene 28 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed<\/a> z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 38 mili\u00f3nov obyvate\u013eov Panamazonu.<\/p>\n\n

Amaz\u00f3nia je rovnako rozsiahla ako rozmanit\u00e1. V jej ekosyst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 tvoria lesy, mangrovov\u00e9 porasty, polia a hory, sa dar\u00ed a\u017e desiatim percent\u00e1m biodiverzitn\u00e9ho bohatstva Zeme<\/a>. Okrem toho, \u017ee v p\u00f4de a stromoch prales uklad\u00e1 150 a\u017e 200 mili\u00e1rd ton CO2eq<\/a> (ekvivalent oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho), uvo\u013e\u0148uje denne 20 bili\u00f3nov litrov vody <\/a>do atmosf\u00e9ry, \u010d\u00edm funguje ako glob\u00e1lna klimatiz\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n\n

Odhliadnuc od t\u00fdchto \u010d\u00edsel je les vo ve\u013ekom nebezpe\u010denstve. Je naozaj ohrozen\u00fd. Vedci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Amaz\u00f3nie je ohrozen\u00e1 bodom, z ktor\u00e9ho niet n\u00e1vratu<\/a>. Ide o takzvan\u00fd bod zvratu, po dosiahnut\u00ed ktor\u00e9ho zmizn\u00fa \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ne a rastlinn\u00e9 druhy a pr\u00eddeme o r\u00f4zne benefity a environment\u00e1lne slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 Amaz\u00f3nia poskytuje. P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 odhady <\/a>v tejto oblasti vypo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee tento bod dosiahneme, ke\u010f sa odlesnen\u00edm strat\u00ed 40 % lesa. Najnov\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 zoh\u013eadnili negat\u00edvny vplyv vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia odles\u0148ovania, klimatick\u00fdch zmien a rozsiahlym vypa\u013eovan\u00edm pl\u00f4ch lesa, v\u0161ak tento odhad rekalibrovali a dnes sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee ak strat\u00edme 20 a\u017e 25 % pralesa, bude to znamena\u0165 koniec hry.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Marizilda Cruppe \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Prvotn\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky bodu zvratu sa u\u017e mo\u017eno za\u010dali. \u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2021, ktor\u00fa viedla v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka Luciana Gatti<\/a> z Braz\u00edlskeho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre vesm\u00edrny v\u00fdskum (Inpe), nazna\u010duje, \u017ee k tomu u\u017e doch\u00e1dza v lesoch na juhov\u00fdchode Amaz\u00f3nie, medzi Par\u00e1 a Mato Grosso, ktor\u00e9 prestali pohlcova\u0165 uhl\u00edk a <\/a>stali sa hlavn\u00fdmi emitentmi jedn\u00e9ho z hlavn\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov.<\/p>\n\n

Divok\u00fd kapitalizmus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

K dne\u0161n\u00e9mu d\u0148u pod\u013ea \u00fadajov organiz\u00e1cie Mapbiomas Amaz\u00f3nia stratila u\u017e 17 % svojej p\u00f4vodnej veget\u00e1cie, pri\u010dom v Braz\u00edlii tento podiel dosahuje 21 %<\/a>. Z \u010fal\u0161ieho ned\u00e1vneho prieskumu Laborat\u00f3ria pre environment\u00e1lne satelitn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie (LASA) vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee len za posledn\u00fdch 10 rokov pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa jazvy po po\u017eiaroch a vypa\u013eovan\u00ed v braz\u00edlskej Amaz\u00f3nii<\/a> plochu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu ako Franc\u00fazsko (62 mili\u00f3nov hekt\u00e1rov).<\/p>\n\n

Kde sa berie to\u013eko skazy? Nu\u017e, vych\u00e1dza z predstavy, \u017ee Amaz\u00f3nia je jedna obrovsk\u00e1 neob\u00fdvan\u00e1 krajina, ktor\u00fa treba zni\u010di\u0165, aby sme vytvorili dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00fd priestor na produkciu m\u00e4sa, s\u00f3je, palmov\u00e9ho oleja, ropy, zlata alebo ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek in\u00e9ho produktu, ktor\u00fd prin\u00e1\u0161a okam\u017eit\u00fd zisk investorom, bez oh\u013eadu na to, ko\u013eko \u017eivotov pritom strat\u00edme. Klasick\u00fd pr\u00edpad bezoh\u013eadnej chamtivosti.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Victor Moriyama \/ Amaz\u00f4nia em Chamas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Nehovor\u00edme tu o o nejak\u00fdch bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fdch \u010di drobn\u00fdch odles\u0148ovate\u013eoch alebo jednom-dvoch krimin\u00e1lnikoch. Ide o komplexn\u00fd a dobre financovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m glob\u00e1lneho finan\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd podporuje zaberanie p\u00f4dy, n\u00e1silie a ni\u010denie lesov na v\u00fdrobu komod\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n

Kladn\u00e9 zostatky na \u00fa\u010dtoch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

V Amaz\u00f3nii sa po\u017eiare zakladaj\u00fa v r\u00e1mci procesu odles\u0148ovania<\/a>. Amazonsk\u00fd prales je vlhk\u00fd tropick\u00fd prales, preto nevyhor\u00ed s\u00e1m od seba. Najsk\u00f4r ho treba oslabi\u0165, odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie stromy, a\u017e k\u00fdm nie je dostato\u010dne such\u00fd a krehk\u00fd na to, aby mohol horie\u0165, zvy\u010dajne po\u010das najteplej\u0161\u00edch mesiacov v regi\u00f3ne, od j\u00fala do okt\u00f3bra. Aby bola oblas\u0165 \u00faplne odlesnen\u00e1, pravdepodobne prejde viacer\u00fdmi cyklami degrad\u00e1cie a po\u017eiarov, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 mesiace alebo dokonca roky. Je to dlh\u00fd a n\u00e1kladn\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00fd v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee odles\u0148ova\u010dom neust\u00e1le pr\u00fadia peniaze.<\/p>\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u010do dnes vieme, je neprijate\u013en\u00e9, aby vl\u00e1dy na\u010falej investovali do tohto de\u0161trukt\u00edvneho ekonomick\u00e9ho modelu, z ktor\u00e9ho m\u00e1 prospech len m\u00e1lokto. Spolo\u010dnosti sa zatia\u013e tv\u00e1ria, \u017ee nevidia \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ich \u010dinnos\u0165ou, a banky do t\u00fdchto odvetv\u00ed na\u010falej nalievaj\u00fa peniaze. U\u017e tie\u017e nie je \u010das na s\u013euby bez realizovate\u013en\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov, ktor\u00e9 by ich podporili.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00e4sov\u00fd priemysel u\u017e takmer 15 rokov s\u013eubuje a n\u00e1sledne poru\u0161uje s\u013euby o nulovom odles\u0148ovan\u00ed. Spolo\u010dnosti ako napr\u00edklad JBS,<\/a> svetov\u00fd gigant vo v\u00fdrobe m\u00e4sa,s\u00fa st\u00e1le zapleten\u00e9 do pr\u00edpadov n\u00e1kupu dobytka z odlesnen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v Amaz\u00f3nii<\/a>, napriek tomu sa pripravuj\u00fa na prvotn\u00fa verejn\u00fa ponuku (IPO) na newyorskej burze cenn\u00fdch papierov<\/a>. Preto\u017ee maximaliz\u00e1cia zisku bez oh\u013eadu na n\u00e1sledky je jedinou prioritou.<\/p>\n\n

Po \u0161tyroch rokoch de\u0161trukcie sp\u00f4sobenej vl\u00e1dou Jaira Bolsonara priniesol pr\u00edchod Lulu do prezidentsk\u00e9ho kresla v Braz\u00edlii n\u00e1dej na lep\u0161ie \u010dasy a bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie prostredie. Ale napriek vidite\u013en\u00e9mu pokroku v oblasti presadzovania pr\u00e1va v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, sa vl\u00e1da aj tak nemieni vzda\u0165 \u0165a\u017eby ropy v \u00fast\u00ed rieky Amazonky.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

K tak\u00e9muto skresleniu reality doch\u00e1dza v Amaz\u00f3nii, ale aj na savan\u00e1ch Cerrado, v pralesoch Kon\u017eskej panvy, v lesoch Chaco a dokonca aj v Arkt\u00edde! Ako dlho e\u0161te bud\u00fa nekone\u010dn\u00fd rast a kladn\u00e9 zostatky na \u00fa\u010dtoch ve\u013ek\u00fdch korpor\u00e1ci\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie ako zabezpe\u010denie \u017eivota v podstate ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka na svete?<\/p>\n\n

\u010cak\u00e1 n\u00e1s Pyrocen\u00f3za?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

V roku 2015 n\u00e1m odborn\u00edk na hist\u00f3riu po\u017eiarov Stephen Pyne <\/a>predstavil pojem pyrocen\u00f3za. Z jeho poh\u013eadu by Zem vstupovala do novej geologickej \u00e9ry ovplyvnenej schopnos\u0165ou \u013eudstva meni\u0165 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie prostredn\u00edctvom oh\u0148a: ak n\u00e1m ohe\u0148 umo\u017enil evol\u00faciu, ten ist\u00fd ohe\u0148 pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a lesov by mohol by\u0165 na\u0161ou p\u00e1dom .<\/p>\n\n

Bod, ke\u010f bolo potrebn\u00e9 zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 Amaz\u00f3niu, sme u\u017e prekro\u010dili. Teraz sa pok\u00fasme aspo\u0148 zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 sam\u00fdch seba. Mus\u00edme zrealizova\u0165 v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia: zastavi\u0165 odles\u0148ovanie, obnovi\u0165 lesy a pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, transformova\u0165 trh, aby neohrozoval na\u0161u bud\u00facnos\u0165, posilni\u0165 aktivizmus, re\u0161trukturalizova\u0165 nov\u00fd potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa spravodlivos\u0165, ukon\u010di\u0165 \u00e9ru fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv! Mus\u00edme skon\u010di\u0165 s t\u00fdmto syst\u00e9mom, aby sme vybudovali nie\u010do nov\u00e9, nie\u010do, \u010do m\u00e1 zmysel pre realitu, ktorej \u010del\u00edme teraz a v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti tohtot\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov\u00e9ho D\u0148a Amazonu (5.9.2023) \u017eel\u00e1me pralesu bud\u00facnos\u0165 pln\u00fa pokoja a maxim\u00e1lneho re\u0161pektu.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Pom\u00f4\u017ete Amazonu<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti tohtot\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov\u00e9ho D\u0148a Amazonu (5.9.2023) \u017eel\u00e1me pralesu bud\u00facnos\u0165 pln\u00fa pokoja a maxim\u00e1lneho re\u0161pektu. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom, ako a pre\u010do si ho ni\u010d\u00edme. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":5411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,21,3],"tags":[8],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-5410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chran","category-greenpeace","category-zmen","tag-lesy","p4-page-type-clanok"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5410"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5417,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410\/revisions\/5417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5410"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovakia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=5410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}