{"id":50958,"date":"2024-05-24T19:58:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T19:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/?p=50958"},"modified":"2024-07-01T11:48:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T11:48:50","slug":"je-jedrska-energija-resitev-za-podnebje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/blog\/50958\/je-jedrska-energija-resitev-za-podnebje\/","title":{"rendered":"Je jedrska energija re\u0161itev za podnebje?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Podnebne spremembe so ena izmed najve\u010djih gro\u017eenj, s katerimi se soo\u010damo. \u010clove\u0161tvo mora \u010dimprej zmanj\u0161ati \u0161kodljive emisije, da bi se izognilo najhuj\u0161im scenarijem spreminjajo\u010dega se podnebja. Jedrska energija se pogosto omenja kot \u201c\u010dista\u201d re\u0161itev, ki bi lahko pomagala pri tem cilju. Toda, ali je to res prava pot naprej?<\/p>\n\n<p>Znanstveniki trdijo, da moramo do leta 2030 prepoloviti emisije toplogrednih plinov, \u010de \u017eelimo zamejiti najhuj\u0161e posledice globalnega segrevanja. [1] \u010ceprav zagovorniki jedrske energije pogosto navajajo, da jedrske elektrarne ne oddajajo CO<sub>2<\/sub> in da so emisije toplogrednih plinov jedrske energije primerljive s solarno in vetrno energijo, je <strong>potencial jedrske tehnologije pri zmanj\u0161evanju emisij majhen<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jedrska energija: prepo\u010dasna, da bi odgovorila na podnebne spremembe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Po scenarijih organizacij jedrskega lobija, Mednarodne agencije za energijo in Agencije za jedrsko energijo [2], bi podvojitev zmogljivosti jedrske energije po svetu do leta 2050 zmanj\u0161ala emisije toplogrednih plinov le za okoli 4 % v primerjavi s poslovanjem kot obi\u010dajno. [3]<\/p>\n\n<p>Za podvojitev jedrske energije do 2050 bi svet moral vsako leto do takrat na omre\u017eje priklju\u010diti 37 novih velikih jedrskih reaktorjev (\u010de upo\u0161tevamo \u0161e dejstvo, da moramo do leta 2050 nadomestiti velik del stare jedrske flote [4]). Realnost preteklega desetletja (2014\u20132023) pa ka\u017ee, da globalno na leto uspe\u0161no priklju\u010dimo le 6-7 novih reaktorjev, povpre\u010dno pa se jih zapre 6. [5]<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/9c4d71a1-jek2-blog-age.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/9c4d71a1-jek2-blog-age.png 786w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/9c4d71a1-jek2-blog-age-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/9c4d71a1-jek2-blog-age-768x305.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/9c4d71a1-jek2-blog-age-510x202.png 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Pove\u010danje tempa gradnje na 37\/leto se zdi nemogo\u010de, saj je na svetu le pe\u0161\u010dica podjetij, ki so sposobna na\u010drtovati in graditi jedrske reaktorje ter proizvajati potrebno opremo. Ni dovolj zmogljivosti za izdelavo velikih kovanin, kot so reaktorski sarkofagi, obstajajo pa tudi druga ozka grla v in\u017eeniringu, gradnji in proizvodnih zmogljivosti.<\/p>\n\n<p>Podvojitev jedrske zmogljivosti \u2013 za razliko od eksplozivne rasti \u010distih obnovljivih virov energije, kot sta son\u010dna in vetrna energija \u2013 je zato nerealna.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jedrska energija: gradbeni izzivi in zamude<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve\u010dina teko\u010dih projektov gradnje jedrskih elektrarn je po\u010dasna in trpijo hude zamude. Na primer projekt Paks II na Mad\u017earskem se je za\u010del leta 2008, ko so bile pripravljene prve analize o mo\u017enostih novih enot. Parlament je dal svoje soglasje leta 2009, vendar so bile pogodbe z ruskimi stranmi o financiranju in gradnji podpisane \u0161ele pet let kasneje. Takrat je bilo na\u010drtovano, da bosta dve novi enoti za\u010deli komercialno obratovanje leta 2025\u20132026. [6] Na dan 8. maja 2024 projekt \u0161e vedno nima kon\u010dne odobritve jedrskega regulativnega organa. Prvo betoniranje obljubljajo do konca leta 2024, nedavno pa so bile s strani vlade objavljene kontroverzne izjave o na\u010drtovanem za\u010detku obratovanja, ki omenjajo \u00bbzgodnja trideseta leta\u00ab, \u00bbprvo polovico tridesetih let\u00ab in \u00bbsredino tridesetih let\u00ab.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Te\u017eave Mad\u017earske s projektom Paks II niso izjema. \u010ce ne upo\u0161tevamo \u010dasa, potrebnega za pripravljalna dela, sta bili v obdobju 2020\u20132022 pravo\u010dasno zagnani le dve od 18 enot, priklju\u010denih na omre\u017eje. Olkiluoto-3 na Finskem je bil zagnan v 16,6 letih, dvanajst let kasneje, kot je bilo na\u010drtovano. [7]<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/ed80df7f-jek2-blog1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/ed80df7f-jek2-blog1.png 799w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/ed80df7f-jek2-blog1-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/ed80df7f-jek2-blog1-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/ed80df7f-jek2-blog1-510x329.png 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Povpre\u010dni \u010das gradnje jedrskega reaktorja je bil leta 2022 9 let (izra\u010dun na podlag od za\u010detka gradnje do priklju\u010ditve na omre\u017eje); dokon\u010danih 66 reaktorjev v desetletju 2013\u20132022 pa je imelo povpre\u010dni \u010das gradnje 9,4 leta. [8]<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/dca81f13-blog-jek2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/dca81f13-blog-jek2.png 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/dca81f13-blog-jek2-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/dca81f13-blog-jek2-426x340.png 426w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jedrska energija: primerjava z obnovljivimi viri energije<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010ce primerjamo razvoj vetrne, son\u010dne in jedrske energije med letoma 2000 in 2022, je nova zmogljivost zna\u0161ala slabih 900 GW za veter in ve\u010d kot 1 TW za son\u010dno energijo, medtem ko je stagnirajo\u010da jedrska energija dosegla le dodatek pribli\u017eno 18 GW obratovalne zmogljivosti v primerjavi z letom 2000. Kar zadeva elektri\u010dno energijo, sta vetrna in son\u010dna elektri\u010dna energija \u017ee presegli proizvodnjo jedrske energije. Od leta 2000 je bilo dodatno proizvedenih pribli\u017eno 3300 TWh vetrne in son\u010dne energije v primerjavi z manj kot 100 TWh dodatne proizvodnje jedrske energije. <strong>Torej, od za\u010detka stoletja so vetrne turbine svetovnim omre\u017ejem dodale ve\u010d kot 20-krat ve\u010d nizkooglji\u010dne elektri\u010dne energije (2000 TWh) kot jedrske elektrarne, medtem ko so son\u010dne celice dodale 13-krat ve\u010d (1300 TWh). <\/strong>[9]<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/80936305-jek-blog.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50965\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/80936305-jek-blog.png 802w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/80936305-jek-blog-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/80936305-jek-blog-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/80936305-jek-blog-510x230.png 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jedrska energija: la\u017ena podnebna re\u0161itev<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Glede na ozka grla, po\u010dasen tempo jedrskih projektov, stro\u0161ke in druge te\u017eave, povezane s tehnologijo, je bilo dokazano, da jedrska energija, kljub temu, kaj bi teoreti\u010dno lahko zagotovila, v resnici dose\u017ee premalo, prepozno in za previsoko ceno. <strong>Staviti na jedrsko energijo z namenom zmanj\u0161anja emisij bi pomenilo drag neuspeh <\/strong>\u2013 <strong>napako, ki si je ne moremo privo\u0161\u010diti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"788\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/b40f36a9-untitled-design.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50976\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/b40f36a9-untitled-design.png 940w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/b40f36a9-untitled-design-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/b40f36a9-untitled-design-768x644.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2024\/05\/b40f36a9-untitled-design-406x340.png 406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><strong>O avtorju:<\/strong> Andras Perger je vodja kampanj za podnebje in energijo pri Greenpeaceu na Mad\u017earskem.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-grey-900-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-grey-900-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><strong>Viri, literatura:<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[1] IPPC, April 2022, Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change; Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report (<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2022\/04\/04\/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2022\/04\/04\/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease\/<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><br><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[2] Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA\/OECD) &amp; International Energy Agency (IEA), Technology Roadmap, 2015 (<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-nea.org\/pub\/techroadmap\/techroadmap-2015.pdf\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.oecd-nea.org\/pub\/techroadmap\/techroadmap-2015.pdf<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>[3] Jan Haverkamp, Greenpeace, Nuclear Power and Climate Change, October 2015<\/em><\/mark> <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">(<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2019\/03\/ed54bbc5-ed54bbc5-nuclear-power-and-climate-change-briefing.pdf\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-slovenia-stateless\/2019\/03\/ed54bbc5-ed54bbc5-nuclear-power-and-climate-change-briefing.pdf<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><br><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[4] <\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pris.iaea.org\/pris\/home.aspx\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>416 obratujo\u010dih reaktorjev<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"> (maj 2024), povpre\u010dna starost maja 2023: <\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2023-.html\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>31,4 leta<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"> (str. 68, graf 18)<\/mark><\/em><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>[5] <\/em><\/mark><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"> Calculation based on &#8220;Status Change Trends&#8221;: <\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pris.iaea.org\/pris\/home.aspx#\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/pris.iaea.org\/pris\/home.aspx#<\/em><\/mark><\/a><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>[6] Greenpeace Mad\u017earska, 2017<\/em> : <\/mark><a href=\"https:\/\/paksameta.blog.hu\/2017\/11\/02\/a_csuszas_ido_az_meg_penz_egy_atomeromu_eseteben_is\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/paksameta.blog.hu\/2017\/11\/02\/a_csuszas_ido_az_meg_penz_egy_atomeromu_eseteben_is<\/em><\/mark><\/a><br><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[7] The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2023, December 2023, stran 64, graf 14:\u00a0 (<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><br><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[8] The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2023, December 2023, stran 64, razpredelnica 3:\u00a0 (<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><br><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">[9] The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2023, December 2023, stran 417-418:\u00a0 (<\/mark><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\"><em>https:\/\/www.worldnuclearreport.org\/IMG\/pdf\/wnisr2023-v5.pdf<\/em><\/mark><\/a><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-grey-600-color\">)<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jedrska energija se pogosto omenja kot \u201c\u010dista\u201d re\u0161itev, ki bi lahko pomagala pri spopadanju s podnebnimi spremembami. Toda, ali je to res prava pot naprej?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":50874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"Climate &amp; Energy","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65,45],"tags":[35],"p4-page-type":[24],"class_list":["post-50958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energetika","category-podnebje","tag-jedrska-energija","p4-page-type-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50958"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51175,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50958\/revisions\/51175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50958"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/slovenia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=50958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}