{"id":1663,"date":"2019-11-22T16:18:20","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T13:18:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/?p=1663"},"modified":"2025-04-28T09:59:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T06:59:44","slug":"turkiyenin-gida-ve-tarim-sistemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/raporlar\/turkiyenin-gida-ve-tarim-sistemi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u0131da Sistemi ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un Tedarik Zinciri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u0131da Sistemi ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un Tedarik Zinciri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 rapor, bug\u00fcn tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da alan\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z temel e\u011filimler ve sorunlar\u0131 anlat\u0131yor ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri sunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raporda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bulgular \u015f\u00f6yle:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnyada kentlerde ya\u015fayan insan oran\u0131 art\u0131yor buna kar\u015f\u0131n ekilebilir tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 h\u0131zla azal\u0131yor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMonok\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d denen mevcut tar\u0131m sistemi toplam sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 25-30\u2019undan sorumlu. Ve bir avu\u00e7 \u015firket pestisit, g\u00fcbre, tohum sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi alanlarda d\u00fcnya ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini kontrol ediyor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tohum alan\u0131nda en bu\u0308yu\u0308k d\u00f6rt \u015firket, du\u0308nya pazar\u0131n\u0131n yu\u0308zde 67\u2019sini, pestisit alan\u0131nda en bu\u0308yu\u0308k d\u00f6rt \u015firket de du\u0308nya pazar\u0131n\u0131n yu\u0308zde 70\u2019ini kontrol ediyor. Bu piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131nda u\u0308reticiler ve \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsiz gu\u0308\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi, u\u0308reticilerin kontrolu\u0308nu\u0308 tamamen kaybetmesine neden oluyor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kimyasal madde (pestisit) kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcreticileri bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza sokuyor. \u201cPestisit \u00e7ark\u0131\u201d sonucu kullan\u0131lan kimyasallara b\u00f6ceklerin ve yabani otlar diren\u00e7 geli\u015ftiriyor ve pestisitler zamanla etkilerini yitiriyor, bu kez daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha fazla miktarda pestisit kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tar\u0131msal girdilerde nitrojen ve fosfor kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak nehirlere, \u0131rmaklara ve yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131na s\u0131zan nitrojen ve fosfat (\u00f6trofikasyon) denizlere ula\u015f\u0131yor, \u00f6lu\u0308 b\u00f6lgelerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunuyor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunu doyurmak i\u00e7in \u00fcretim art\u0131rmal\u0131 deniyor ancak sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirletilmesi, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilikteki kay\u0131plar, toprak kayb\u0131 ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin riskler g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediliyor. \u00d6nemli olan\u0131n adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, israf\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu unutuluyor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hayat\u0131n bu kadar farkl\u0131 alan\u0131na de\u011fen tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da sistemi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm ise Greenpeace\u2019in bir di\u011fer raporunda yedi temel ilke ile tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ekolojik Tar\u0131m modeli.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de tar\u0131m s\u00fcrekli geriliyor. Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 azal\u0131yor, tar\u0131m istihdam\u0131 h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, bor\u00e7 sarmal\u0131ndaki \u00fcreticiler \u00fcretimi b\u0131rak\u0131yor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do\u011fan\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tar\u0131msal u\u0308retimin i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsizlikleri ve riskleri g\u00f6\u011fu\u0308sleyen u\u0308reticiler, giderek artan bir bi\u00e7imde finans kaynaklar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geliyor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin TC Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 1 TL\u2019ye u\u0308reticisinden sat\u0131n al\u0131nan domatesin fiyat\u0131n\u0131n halde 1,45 TL\u2019ye, pazarda 2,22 TL\u2019ye, markette ise 2,91 TL\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ru\u0308lebiliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, domatese markette \u00f6denen u\u0308cretin yaln\u0131zca yu\u0308zde 34\u2019u\u0308 u\u0308reticinin pay\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. \u00dcreticisinden do\u011frudan sat\u0131n al\u0131p tu\u0308keticiye tedarik eden su\u0308permarketler, fiyatlar\u0131 pazarlardan daha yukar\u0131da belirleyip, k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7ift\u00e7iler, kentin pazarlar\u0131n\u0131n talepleri ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyerek girdi u\u0308reten ta\u015feronlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Tar\u0131msal girdi fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 u\u0308ru\u0308nlerinin sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131na yans\u0131tamayan u\u0308reticilerin k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u0308rekli du\u0308\u015ftu\u0308\u011fu\u0308 i\u00e7in u\u0308retimden vazge\u00e7me raddesine geliyorlar.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n be\u015finci b\u00fcy\u00fck metropol\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019un zaten s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 kontrols\u00fcz in\u015faatlarla iyice tehdit alt\u0131nda.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130stanbul tedarik zincirinin \u00fc\u00e7 temel sorunu var: yetersiz altyap\u0131, ekolojik etki ve akt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesizli\u011fi. \u00d6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf zincir marketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fiyor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130stanbul\u2019daki iki temel hal \u015fehrin meyve sebze t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde Bayrampa\u015fa ve Ata\u015fehir haline Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinden gelen u\u0308ru\u0308nlerin ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k <\/span><b>100 kiloton CO2 sal\u0131nd\u0131. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu rakam <\/span><b>17 bin 439 evin bir y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik t\u00fcketimine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu uzun tedarik zinciri iki temel soruna neden oluyor. Birincisi yolun uzunlu\u011fu ve depolama eksikliklerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok ciddi g\u0131da israf\u0131 ve zayiat\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor, ikincisi nakliyeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00fcksek miktarda karbon sal\u0131m\u0131na neden oluyor. Bu iki sorun da do\u011frudan iklim krizini tetikliyor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ise en ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketiciyi do\u011frudan bulu\u015fturan \u00fcretici pazarlar\u0131 geliyor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Raporun tamam\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u011flant\u0131dan ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2019\/11\/e641d246-tu\u0308rkiyenin-g\u0131da-ve-tar\u0131m-sistemi-rapor.pdf\">Tu\u0308rkiye&#8217;nin G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m Sistemi &#8211; Rapor<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2019\/11\/e641d246-tu%CC%88rkiyenin-g%C4%B1da-ve-tar%C4%B1m-sistemi-rapor.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2019\/11\/4f8e3773-rapor-kapak-gida-sitemi-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"350\"><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-1050 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/ciftciyi-koru-tarimi-kurtar\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2020\/01\/fadc0918-cifciyi-koru-tarimi-kurtar-2020.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/ciftciyi-koru-tarimi-kurtar\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c7ift\u00e7iyi Koru Tar\u0131m\u0131 Kurtar\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ift\u00e7iler her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybediyor. Belediyelerin denetimi alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lacak \u00fcretici pazarlar\u0131yla hem \u00e7ift\u00e7i kazanacak, hem de t\u00fcketici daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya ula\u015fabilecek. Ekolojik bir gelecek i\u00e7in sen de belediyenden talep et, \u015fehrinde \u00fcretici pazarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ls\u0131n ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fs\u0131n!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/ciftciyi-koru-tarimi-kurtar\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Harekete Ge\u00e7\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u0131da Sistemi ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un Tedarik Zinciri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 rapor, bug\u00fcn tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da alan\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z temel e\u011filimler ve sorunlar\u0131 anlat\u0131yor ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri sunuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":1664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2019\/11\/33b58029-rapor-gida-sistemi-kapak.jpg","p4_og_image_id":"1664","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[30],"p4-page-type":[28],"class_list":["post-1663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gida-ve-tarim","tag-gidatarim","p4-page-type-raporlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1663"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6787,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663\/revisions\/6787"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1663"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=1663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}