{"id":6603,"date":"2021-08-25T15:06:51","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T12:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/?p=6603"},"modified":"2021-09-02T15:33:25","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T12:33:25","slug":"marmaranin-hastaligi-derin-deniz-desarji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/blog\/marmaranin-hastaligi-derin-deniz-desarji\/","title":{"rendered":"Marmara\u2019n\u0131n Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131: Derin Deniz De\u015farj\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Marmara Denizi\u2019ni h\u0131zla kaybediyor ve b\u00f6ylelikle t\u00fcm denizlerimizi stres alt\u0131na sokuyoruz. Kendine has, gen\u00e7 denizimizin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131k bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan \u00f6te be\u015f duyumuzla alg\u0131layabilece\u011fimiz bir noktaya geldik.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

MARMARA DEN\u0130Z\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N ZAMAN YOK<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Marmara Denizi birbiri \u00fczerinde yer alan, hidrografik \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 iki su k\u00fctlesinden, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle iki ayr\u0131 denizden olu\u015fuyor. \u00dcstteki ak\u0131nt\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019den gelen ak\u0131nt\u0131; alt ak\u0131nt\u0131 ise en iyi \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bile sadece %10\u2019u Karadeniz\u2019e ula\u015fabilen Akdeniz k\u00f6kenli ak\u0131nt\u0131. Bu alt ak\u0131nt\u0131 son 32 senedir \u201cderin deniz de\u015farj\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f at\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 bant olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, kirlili\u011fin seyrelerek Karadeniz\u2019e ula\u015fmas\u0131 umuduyla.<\/p>\n\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemle y\u0131llard\u0131r Marmara Denizi\u2019ni at\u0131k deposu haline getirdik, foseptik \u00e7ukuru gibi davrand\u0131k, kirlilikten hasta ettik. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Yerli bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu kaybettik. Kirlilik giderek artt\u0131, t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi erozyona u\u011frad\u0131. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilere yenilerini eklemeye devam ediyoruz. <\/p>\n\n

Marmara can \u00e7eki\u015firken, bir\u00e7ok noktadan de\u015farj edilen, n\u00fcfus seviyesinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile kirletici etkisi y\u00fckselen kentsel ve geli\u015fen sanayinin ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f at\u0131klar\u0131, Marmara Denizi\u2019ne geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan hasarlar verdi, vermeye de devam ediyor. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

ERGENE HAVZASINI KURTARALIM DERKEN\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

32 senede bu hale getirilen Marmara Denizi\u2019ne \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbe 2020 senesi Kas\u0131m \u2013 Aral\u0131k aylar\u0131nda Ergene derin deniz de\u015farj\u0131 ile vuruldu. B\u00fcy\u00fck yo\u011funlu\u011funu sanayi tesislerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ar\u0131t\u0131lmayan kimyasal at\u0131klar\u0131n de\u015farj\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilimsel verilere g\u00f6re 4. s\u0131n\u0131f su kalitesinde olan, renk ve tuzluluk probleminin bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi\u011finin itiraf edildi\u011fi Ergene Nehri\u2019nden kaynakland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n

Ergene Nehri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kirli akarsular\u0131ndan biri.\u00a0<\/strong>Ve bu kirlili\u011fi durdurmak i\u00e7in\u00a0\u201cErgene Havzas\u0131 Koruma Eylem Plan\u0131\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>devreye sokuldu. Ancak, 2011 senesinde tasarlanan 15 maddelik bu plan hala tamamlanmad\u0131. E\u011fer Ergene\u2019de ger\u00e7ek bir rehabilitasyon planlansayd\u0131; Ergene Nehri\u2019nin su kalitesi d\u00fczelecek, kalitesi iyile\u015fen su, etraftaki verimli tar\u0131m arazilerinde kullan\u0131lacak ve bu \u015fekilde Ergene Havzas\u0131 kurtulacakt\u0131.\u00a0Ancak, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evre projelerinden biri olarak lanse edilen bu plan kapsam\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131m, Ergene\u2019deki kirli suyun Marmara\u2019ya de\u015farj\u0131 oldu.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Ve en \u00f6nemlisi projede g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r, Marmara\u2019n\u0131n \u201cal\u0131c\u0131 ortam\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fini palyatif uygulamalar sonucunda son 32 senede tamamen yitirmi\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n

AVRUPA\u2019NIN EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK \u00c7EVRE PROJELER\u0130NDEN B\u0130R\u0130 NEDEN DURDURULMALI.<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Ergene Nehri\u2019ni siyaha boyayan bu kimyasal at\u0131klar \u015fimdi borularla ta\u015f\u0131narak Marmara\u2019ya bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6nlem al\u0131nmazsa bu y\u00f6ntem Ergene\u2019yi kurtarmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi Marmara\u2019n\u0131n da sonunu getirecek. (Ergene, Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki Su Kirlili\u011fi Kontrol Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine g\u00f6re Marmara Denizi\u2019ne hi\u00e7bir surette (derin veya s\u0131\u011f) de\u015farj yapma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r<\/strong>, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc al\u0131c\u0131 ortam olarak kabul edilen denizler ba\u011flam\u0131nda deniz suyunun genel kalite kriterleri (yani bunun alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeme gere\u011fi) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiliyor. Halihaz\u0131rda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan s\u00f6z konusu y\u00f6netmelik kapsam\u0131nda, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oksijen gereksinimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, Marmara Denizi su k\u00fctlelerine hi\u00e7bir surette de\u015farj yapma imkan\u0131 bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Ergene Havzas\u0131 Koruma Plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Marmara Denizi\u2019ni ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu hale getiren ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntem tekrar edilerek Ergene\u2019nin bo\u011fu\u015ftu\u011fu, tekstil, g\u0131da, kimya, deri, maden sekt\u00f6rlerinin kimyasal at\u0131klar\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131lmadan, 70 kilometrelik bir kolekt\u00f6r hatt\u0131 ile karadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.5 km. a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa, denizde y\u00fczeyden 47.5 metre derinli\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p Kas\u0131m 2020\u2019de Marmara Denizi\u2019ne de\u015farj edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

AC\u0130L EYLEME GE\u00c7MEL\u0130Y\u0130Z! <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

E\u011fer 2020 senesi Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k aylar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan bu i\u015flem devam ederse, \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Marmara\u2019y\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019i kaybedecek ve Ege Denizi\u2019ni de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk alt\u0131na sokaca\u011f\u0131z. <\/p>\n\n

Sorun, Marmara\u2019n\u0131n sorunuyla ayn\u0131 tarih\u00e7ede ve ayn\u0131 y\u00f6netim politikalar\u0131yla ilerliyor. Yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar tarihte yine tekerr\u00fcr ediyor. Zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan durumda olan bu nadide deniz, Ergene\u2019den gelen at\u0131klarla \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye devam ediyor. Ta\u015fmakta olan bir bardak suya, bu i\u015flem ile bir kova su daha eklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

B\u0130L\u0130M \u0130NSANLARI UYARIYOR!<\/h2>\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, 2020 Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k aylar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Ergene derin deniz de\u015farj\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak Tekirda\u011f\u2019dan Kumburgaz\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm ile Tekirda\u011f\u2019dan Gelibolu\u2019ya kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u00e7ok ciddi canl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve e\u011fer Marmara Denizi ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ekosistemine sahip olsayd\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar tonlarca canl\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131ya vurmu\u015f olacakt\u0131 diyerek gelinen noktay\u0131 \u00f6zetliyor. Y\u00f6re bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgede, 2021 senesi Ocak \u2013 \u015eubat aylar\u0131nda \u00f6lerek k\u0131y\u0131ya vuran bal\u0131klar\u0131 ilgili mercilere bildirdiklerini belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n\n

Bu konuda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrse de, Ocak ay\u0131nda Tekirda\u011f-Ho\u015fk\u00f6y\/\u015eark\u00f6y-Do\u011fanaslan hatt\u0131nda g\u00f6zlenen bal\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcmleri, devam\u0131nda Mart ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde izlenmeye ba\u015flanan m\u00fcsilaj olu\u015fumu Marmara\u2019daki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn resmini \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Haziran 2021 \u2013 Marmara\u2019da havadan m\u00fcsilaj g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Ne Marmara\u2019dan ne di\u011fer denizlerimizden vazge\u00e7me \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z yok.<\/strong> \u00dcstelik bu sorun deniz ekosistemine hasar verirken do\u011frudan insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da etkileyecek. Akut kirlilik, biyo-ak\u00fcm\u00fclatif etki ile sadece havzada ya\u015fayan 1.5 milyon n\u00fcfusa de\u011fil \u00f6ncelikli olarak 25 milyonluk Marmara\u2019ya sonras\u0131nda da t\u00fcm deniz \u00e7evresi pop\u00fclasyonuna zarar verecek. Su \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde birikecek toksik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta kalite d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden olacak ve bu besin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmez oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnleri beraberinde getirecek. Y\u0131kanma sular\u0131na s\u0131zabilecek kirli su tam olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen etkileriyle insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edecek.<\/p>\n\n

Marmara\u2019da m\u00fcsilaja ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan ekosistem hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7an, insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tehdit eden, Karadeniz\u2019i ve sonras\u0131nda Kuzey Ege\u2019yi etkileyecek olan bu uygulamaya dur demeliyiz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar Marmara\u2019ya zarar verdik, bundan sonra Marmara \u00e7evresine zarar vermeye ba\u015flayacak. Ergene de\u015farj\u0131 acilen durdurulmazsa denizlerimizi kaybetme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na gelece\u011fiz.<\/strong> Marmara Eylem Planlar\u0131na de\u011fil, acil eyleme ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var; ne Marmara\u2019n\u0131n ne Karadeniz\u2019in ne de Ege\u2019nin b\u00f6yle bir vakti yok. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM \u0130\u00c7\u0130N ERGENE\u2019DE VANALARI KAPAT, MARMARA YA\u015eASIN<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Acil eylemler ne olmal\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Acilen 2020 Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda uygulamaya ba\u015flanan Ergene de\u015farj\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

  1. Ergene kirletici unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ciddi anlamda yerinde (kirleten tesislerce) ar\u0131t\u0131larak mecras\u0131na geri verilmesi ve sulama, tar\u0131m gibi faaliyetlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>
  2. Kirleten tesislerce \u00f6n ar\u0131tma yap\u0131larak, at\u0131ksuyun genel ar\u0131tma sistemlerine transferi ve burada \u00f6zellikle kimyasal ar\u0131tma sa\u011flanarak suyun 2. kaliteye y\u00fckseltilerek mecras\u0131na geri verilmesi ve sulama, tar\u0131m gibi faaliyetlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n
    \n\n

    [1]<\/strong> https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7221&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5<\/a> (Tablo 4: Deniz suyunun genel kalite kriterleri)<\/em>
    [2]<\/strong> Bu ar\u0131tma, Ergene Havzas\u0131 Koruma Eylem Plan\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan OSB ve ar\u0131tma tesisleri kimyasal at\u0131klar\u0131 ar\u0131tmaktan \u00f6te, Marmara Denizi\u2019nin at\u0131klar\u0131 seyreltmesini ama\u00e7layan, Marmara\u2019y\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 ortam haline getiren bir ar\u0131tmad\u0131r.
    [3]<\/strong>     https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/biamag\/ekoloji\/246435-ergene-derin-deniz-desarji-ve-marmara-denizi-ndeki-toksik-kirlilik<\/a>: Ergene Nehri derin deniz de\u015farj\u0131 projesinin Velime\u015fe-\u00c7orlu boru hatt\u0131nda 16 Ekim 2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lan bir deneme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda vana patlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Patlama sonucu ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, kirli ve kara renkli bir suyun geni\u015f tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015fti.<\/strong><\/a>
    \u200b[4]<\/strong> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/turkiye\/ergene-havzasini-kirlilikten-kurtaracak-projede-aritilmis-sular-ilk-kez-denize-desarj-edildi\/2043406
    [5]<\/strong> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/turkiye\/tekirdagda-bir-derede-yuzlerce-balik-olusu-bulundu-578031.html
    [6]<\/strong> Biyoak\u00fcm\u00fclasyon, canl\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n organizmas\u0131nda kimyasal maddenin belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca kademeli olarak biriktirilmesi s\u00fcrecidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan durumda olan bu nadide deniz, Ergene\u2019den gelen at\u0131klarla \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye devam ediyor. Ta\u015fmakta olan bir bardak suya, bu i\u015flem ile bir kova su daha eklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":6608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-turkey-stateless\/2021\/08\/6a20df1f-desarj-1-temsili.jpg","p4_og_image_id":"6608","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[29],"class_list":["post-6603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyocesitlilik-doga","p4-page-type-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6603"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6620,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6603\/revisions\/6620"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6603"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=6603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}