{"id":720,"date":"2018-08-17T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-17T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/blog\/arilar-olmesin-gidamiz-tukenmesin\/"},"modified":"2025-11-20T14:47:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:47:48","slug":"arilar-olmesin-gidamiz-tukenmesin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/blog\/arilar-olmesin-gidamiz-tukenmesin\/","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u0131lar \u00f6lmesin, g\u0131dam\u0131z t\u00fckenmesin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bu sene mart ay\u0131nda kovanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na giden Bursal\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131lar, binlerce ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Polenle\u015fme i\u00e7in kovandan ayr\u0131lan ar\u0131lar ya daha geri d\u00f6nemeden a\u00e7\u0131k havada ya da d\u00f6nebilenler kovan\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

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\"Ar\u0131lar<\/p>\n

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Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda Trakyal\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131lar da kovanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fc ar\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/address>\n

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Kovan\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00f6lenler, kovanda temizlik yapan ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131nca da kovan \u00f6nleri \u00f6l\u00fc ar\u0131larla kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kimi ar\u0131c\u0131lardaki kay\u0131p oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 70-80\u2019lere kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lkbahar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki bu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ard\u0131ndan akla ola\u011fan \u015f\u00fcpheli olarak tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 geldi. \u00d6yle ki Bursa Ar\u0131c\u0131lar Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Selami Sezgin, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131[1].<\/p>\n

Bursa\u2019daki ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bir senelik emekleri birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yok olup giderken, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Avrupa\u2019daki meslekta\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7evrecilerle birlikte uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r verdikleri m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n ayak seslerini duymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 27 Nisan\u2019daki oylama ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri, ar\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehlikelerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tar\u0131mda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 kimyasal etkin maddeyi yasaklama karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Neonikotinoid s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ait bu \u00fc\u00e7 madde clothianidin, imidacloprid ve thiamethoxam olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, ar\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7ift\u00e7i derneklerinin, \u00e7evrecilerin yo\u011fun bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse, \u00f6ncelikle tan\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak faydal\u0131 olacak: Bitki koruma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kimyasal zehirlere genel olarak \u201cpestisit\u201d denirken, bunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan b\u00f6cekleri hedef alan alt t\u00fcrlerine insektisit veya b\u00f6cek ilac\u0131 ad\u0131 veriliyor. AB\u2019de yasaklama karar\u0131 al\u0131nan neonikotinoidler de bu s\u0131n\u0131fa dahil oluyor, zaten bu teknik tan\u0131m \u201cnikotin benzeri yeni b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde \u00e7evrilebiliyor. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fa dahil etkin maddeler kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan ila\u00e7lar \u201csistemik ila\u00e7\u201d t\u00fcrlerinden biri. Yani tarlada p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek de\u011fil, tohumlar\u0131n y\u00fczeyini kaplanarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Bu sebeple tohum \u00e7i\u00e7eklendik\u00e7e ila\u00e7lar ekinin her taraf\u0131na da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor, hem toprak alt\u0131nda hem toprak \u00fcst\u00fcne gelen b\u00f6cekleri hedef al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Avrupa Birli\u011fi yasaklad\u0131<\/h2>\n

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\u00d6zellikle 1990\u2019lardan itibaren yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanan bu ila\u00e7lar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131ndan oldu. Ancak kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a bir yandan da ar\u0131lar\u0131n miktar\u0131ndaki azalma g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verildi. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Avrupa G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Otoritesi (EFSA) raporu \u00fczerine, Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00f6zellikle m\u0131s\u0131r ve ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fini kapsayacak \u015fekilde bu \u00fc\u00e7 maddeye y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yasak karar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kurumu g\u00f6revlendirdi. Nihayet 2018\u2019in \u015eubat ay\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporla EFSA, bu maddelerin ar\u0131lar \u00fczerinde tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tekrar duyurdu ve bu kez AB, \u00fc\u00e7 maddenin -sera kullan\u0131m\u0131 hari\u00e7- tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nedir bu tehditler? Nikotin temelli yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bu maddeler canl\u0131lar\u0131n sinir sistemlerini etkiliyor, ancak do\u011falar\u0131 gere\u011fi b\u00fcnyesi bu etkileri kald\u0131racak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmayan canl\u0131lar dolayl\u0131 ya da do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da ar\u0131lar geliyor. \u0130la\u00e7l\u0131 tohumlar tarlaya ekilirken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tozla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ar\u0131lar do\u011frudan zehirlenerek \u00f6lebiliyor. Ya da az \u00f6nce bahsedilen sistemik yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bitkinin nektar\u0131na, polenine, sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lara kar\u0131\u015fan ila\u00e7lar, buraya gelen ar\u0131lara ge\u00e7iyor. Dolayl\u0131 etkilenen ar\u0131lar haf\u0131za kayb\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131p kovanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunu unutabiliyor, fel\u00e7 ge\u00e7irebiliyor. Ya da ar\u0131lar\u0131n alameti farikas\u0131 say\u0131lacak kusursuz yol bulma ve \u00f6\u011frenme becerileri yok olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

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Sofram\u0131z\u0131n 3\u2019te 1\u2019ini ar\u0131lara bor\u00e7luyuz<\/h2>\n

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Peki ar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6lmesi veya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli? Sofram\u0131za gelen g\u0131dalar\u0131n 3\u2019te 1\u2019ini ar\u0131 ve ar\u0131 gibi tozla\u015fma yapan canl\u0131lara bor\u00e7luyuz. Kendi besinleri i\u00e7in nektar yani besin av\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan bu canl\u0131lar, yani tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar (ya da polinat\u00f6rler), \u00e7i\u00e7ekten \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe gezerken polenleri de beraberlerinde ta\u015f\u0131yorlar ve b\u00f6ylece bitkilerin \u00fcremesini, hem niteliksel hem niceliksel olarak \u00fcretimin ve do\u011fadaki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Bu tozlama i\u015finin de y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini do\u011fada bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 ya da di\u011fer t\u00fcr yaban ar\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Tah\u0131llar\u0131n tozla\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda r\u00fczgar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken meyve ve sebzelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki \u00fcretimi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen ar\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fte bu tozla\u015fmaya bor\u00e7luyuz. Hatta Avrupa\u2019da ve ABD\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli ekinler i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 belli miktarlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kovanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi tarlalar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6z konusu uygulama esas\u0131nda iki farkl\u0131 konuya i\u015faret ediyor. Bir yandan tozla\u015fman\u0131n tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim i\u00e7in \u00f6neminin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerken di\u011fer yandan tarlalar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda yeterince tozla\u015fma yapacak ar\u0131n\u0131n kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ve art\u0131k ancak ta\u015f\u0131ma su ile de\u011firmen d\u00f6nebiliyor. Zira \u00f6zellikle 2006\u2019dan bu yana ABD, Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye dahil d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fesinde kitlesel \u00f6l\u00fcmler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor, ar\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131yor. Avrupa\u2019da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131m Nisan ay\u0131nda at\u0131l\u0131rken benzer ad\u0131mlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de at\u0131lmay\u0131 bekliyor. Tar\u0131m konusunda hem fiyat hem kalite hem de miktar olarak ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek bu konuyu ne kadar acil bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcndeme getirmeye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fu daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve bal \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzersiz bir konumda bulundu\u011funu, d\u00fcnyadaki ar\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin be\u015fte birine ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bal \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada ikinci konumda oldu\u011funu ak\u0131lda tuttu\u011fumuzda, bu konuda harekete ge\u00e7menin bir se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, mecburiyet oldu\u011fu daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde en az\u0131ndan ilham alacak bir yol haritas\u0131 duruyor. \u0130\u015fe s\u00f6z konusu \u00fc\u00e7 maddenin yasaklanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Einstein\u2019in, her ne kadar kendisinin ger\u00e7ekten s\u00f6yleyip s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olsa da, i\u00e7eri\u011finin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen s\u00f6zleri, kulaklar\u0131m\u0131zda s\u00fcrekli yank\u0131lanmal\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cAr\u0131lar Yok Olursa, \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Yaln\u0131zca D\u00f6rt Y\u0131l \u00d6mr\u00fc Kal\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

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[1] http:\/\/www.iha.com.tr\/haber-bursada-ari-olumleri-artarak-devam-ediyor-720017\/<\/p><\/div>\n

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Greenpeace destek\u00e7isi ol!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Greenpeace’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve cesur kampanyalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini sa\u011flayan tek g\u00fc\u00e7 sensin. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131nla sesimizi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131l, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelece\u011fine birlikte y\u00f6n verelim!

Senin deste\u011finle daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha etkili ve daha cesuruz. \u015eimdi bize kat\u0131l!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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