{"id":7823,"date":"2023-02-15T16:43:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T13:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/?p=7823"},"modified":"2023-02-15T16:43:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T13:43:46","slug":"asrin-felaketi-sorunlu-sistemin-kacinilmaz-sonucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/blog\/asrin-felaketi-sorunlu-sistemin-kacinilmaz-sonucu\/","title":{"rendered":"“Asr\u0131n Felaketi”: Sorunlu Sistemin Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz Sonucu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

6 \u015eubat\u2019ta merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Pazarc\u0131k ve Elbistan il\u00e7eleri olan ve 10 ili etkileyen 7,7 ve 7,6 \u015fiddetinde iki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin ard\u0131ndan 10 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti. B\u00f6lgede arama kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 halen devam ederken afetzedelerin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 enkaz alt\u0131nda kalan yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131 ya da kurtar\u0131lanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. Depremin \u00fczerinden hen\u00fcz birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fken m\u00fcdahale ve koordinasyonda ya\u015fanan eksiklikleri \u00f6rtercesine h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, medya temsilcileri hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u201casr\u0131n felaketi\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Oysa felaketin boyutunu bu denli art\u0131ran deprem \u00f6ncesi gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmamas\u0131, denetim mekanizmalar\u0131nda ihlaller ve yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 takip eden b\u00fcrokratik engeller de deprem sonras\u0131nda acil yard\u0131m s\u00fcrecini geciktirdi.<\/p>\n\n

Bu depremlere haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil miydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de afetlerle m\u00fccadele etmekle g\u00f6revli AFAD\u2019\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u201ckriz y\u00f6netimi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u201crisk y\u00f6netimi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda afet riskini azaltmaya ve m\u00fcdahale s\u00fcrecini planlamaya y\u00f6nelik yerel ve ulusal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte<\/a> bir\u00e7ok plan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu planlarda acil durum ve afetlerde ba\u015fta kamu kurumlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da payda\u015f\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7mesi gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Dahas\u0131 depremden zarar g\u00f6ren illerin hemen hepsinde \u0130l Afet Risk Azalt\u0131m Planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve bu illeri bekleyen riskler ve tehditler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Elbette AFAD\u2019a ilave olarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da uzman, akademisyen, bilim insan\u0131, sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu ve yerel y\u00f6netim de mevcut risklere dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f, riski azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n

Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm bu uyar\u0131lar ve haz\u0131rl\u0131klar ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015f, bizi olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li hale getirebilecek<\/a> planlar\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi eksikler giderilmemi\u015f, koordinasyondaki sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f, riskli yap\u0131lar onar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmemi\u015f ya da y\u0131k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan haberlere g\u00f6re ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu felakete bizi haz\u0131rlayabilecek bir tatbikat bile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f<\/a>, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki t\u00fcm bu \u00e7abalar binlerce binan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 30 binin \u00fczerinde can kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

\u201c\u0130mar aff\u0131\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Depremlerin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisini azaltmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flam zeminde, sa\u011flam yap\u0131 yapmaya y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler \u201cimar aff\u0131\u201d da denilen ve genellikle se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde devreye sokulan uygulamayla ihlal edildi. En son Haziran 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda genel se\u00e7imlerden \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakan\u0131 Murat Kurum\u2019un a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyon 400 bin ki\u015fi yararland\u0131. Bu uygulamayla toplanan paran\u0131n 25 milyar 592 milyon lira oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan bug\u00fcn depremlerle tan\u0131nmaz hale gelen Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta 2019\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada<\/a> 144 bin k\u00fcsur vatanda\u015fa imar aff\u0131yla rahat nefes ald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n

Arama Kurtarma S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015famak, afetten sonraki ilk 72 saatlik s\u00fcrecin arama kurtarma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alt\u0131n saatler oldu\u011funu  bizlere ac\u0131 tecr\u00fcbelerle \u00f6\u011fretti. Olay an\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00f6revi m\u00fcdahaleyi y\u00f6nlendirmek ve y\u00f6netmek olan AFAD\u2019\u0131n felaketin ilk anlar\u0131ndan itibaren gerekli koordinasyonu sa\u011flamakta yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klama var.<\/a> Her ne kadar olay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren yetkililer, \u00a8\u015fu anda her yer kontrol alt\u0131nda ve her yere ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda<\/a>” dese de, bu ifadelerin o dakikalar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek olamayacak kadar iyimser bir iddia olarak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Y\u0131k\u0131lan ve a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 bina say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu, etkilenen co\u011frafyan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve geni\u015fli\u011fi kadar seferber edilen ekiplerin g\u00f6rece azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, var olan ekiplerin de do\u011fru malzemelerle h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirilmemesi enkaz arama kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre sadece enkaz alt\u0131ndaki canlara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, kendi \u00e7abalar\u0131yla enkaz d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ba\u015faran, deprem an\u0131nda kendisini sokaklara atan insanlar i\u00e7in de olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n\n

Greenpeace Olarak Soruyoruz!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Greenpeace olarak, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gezegeni payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her bir can\u0131 savunmak ve do\u011faya uyumlu, sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan adil ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyi temel g\u00f6revimiz say\u0131yor, do\u011faya ve ya\u015fama kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu ve hesap verebilirli\u011fi ilke ediniyoruz. Bu nedenle soruyoruz: <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n
    \n
  1. Bar\u0131nma<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Depremden sonra kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en temel sorunlardan biri y\u0131k\u0131lan ya da hasar alan evlerine giremeyen depremzedelerin so\u011fuk k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sokakta kalmas\u0131 oldu.<\/a> Halen depremin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi il merkezleri dahil olmak \u00fczere k\u00f6ylerde bar\u0131nma s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/a> dair b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Greenpeace olarak soruyoruz, AFAD taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken (TAMP, s.42)<\/a>, afet b\u00f6lgesinde afetzedelerin acil ve ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma hizmetlerine y\u00f6nelik koordinasyon neden zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lamad\u0131?<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n
      \n
    1. Beslenme<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      Gerek depremzedeler gerekse arama kurtarma g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri felaketin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde yeterli g\u0131daya ve i\u00e7me suyuna d\u00fczenli olarak eri\u015femediklerini ifade ediyorlar.<\/a> Geceyi so\u011fukta, enkaz b\u00f6lgelerinde yakt\u0131klar\u0131 ate\u015flerin etraf\u0131nda, ara\u00e7larda ge\u00e7iren depremzedeler, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler s\u0131cak bir \u00e7orbaya, yeterli i\u00e7me suyuna ula\u015famad\u0131<\/a>. Greenpeace olarak soruyoruz, K\u0131z\u0131lay taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken (TAMP, s.43)<\/a>, afet b\u00f6lgesinde beslenme hizmetlerine y\u00f6nelik koordinasyon neden zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lamad\u0131?<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      1. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

        Deprem sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck risklerden bir tanesi de salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarken, b\u00f6lgede temiz suya eri\u015fimin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ok say\u0131da haber var. Suya eri\u015fimde ya\u015fanan bu aksamalar b\u00f6lgede hijyen ve sanitasyon sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131r\u0131yor<\/a>. Dahas\u0131 b\u00f6lgede aksayan sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri<\/a>, ba\u015fta kad\u0131nlar<\/a> ve \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere herkesi tehlikeye at\u0131yor. Greenpeace olarak soruyoruz, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken (TAMP, s.39)<\/a>, afet yerindeki ilk t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ile \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerinin aksamadan en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde normale d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik koordinasyon neden zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lamad\u0131?<\/p>\n\n

        Yaralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 Sarmam\u0131z Gerekiyor!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

        T\u00fcm bu ya\u015fanan koordinasyon sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle milyonlarca insan depremin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ma ek olarak sert k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131nda so\u011fukta, yeterli besini alamadan ve gerekli sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimi olmadan d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

        Kay\u0131plar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131 ve geride kalanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar yetmezmi\u015f gibi b\u00f6lgede zaten orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel kurakl\u0131klarla kendini g\u00f6steren  iklim krizine ba\u011fl\u0131 afetler de kap\u0131m\u0131zda. \u0130klime ve do\u011faya uyumlu, sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan da adil ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde yeniden in\u015fa etmek yerine, kald\u0131r\u0131lacak tonlarca enkaz\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fi yerleri ve bunun ekolojik etkilerini, salt h\u0131zl\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ezbere in\u015fa edilecek toplu konutlar\u0131 ve beton kentleri; t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n gelecekte yarataca\u011f\u0131 felaketleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten kendimizi alam\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n

        Evet yaralar\u0131m\u0131z hala kan\u0131yor, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcm\u00fcz azalm\u0131yor ve endi\u015femiz ge\u00e7miyor. Elbette yaralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hep birlikte sarmak, bu felaketleri bir daha asla ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in hep birlikte de\u011fi\u015fim talebinde bulunmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bu felakete sebep olan sistematik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rmemiz, tan\u0131mam\u0131z ve onunla m\u00fccadele etmemiz laz\u0131m. Mevcut ekonomik ve politik d\u00fczen ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00f6ncelemiyor. \u015eirketler, daha y\u00fcksek k\u00e2r a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in do\u011fay\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcketmekten \u00e7ekinmiyor. \u0130lgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da bu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczene dur demek yerine buna zemin haz\u0131rlayan ve g\u00f6z yuman uygulamalar\u0131 devreye sokuyor. \u00d6te yandan 10 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr gerek deprem b\u00f6lgesinde, gerek di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde can\u0131n\u0131 di\u015fine takarak dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6steren milyonlarca y\u00fcrek, t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131 a\u015farak yaralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abal\u0131yor. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topraklar\u0131 a\u015fan bu dayan\u0131\u015fma, ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn de umudunu veriyor. <\/p>\n\n

        Bizler, do\u011fan\u0131n sesini duymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olarak tek bir \u015fey istiyoruz. Do\u011fayla kavga etmeye bir son verelim. Ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 do\u011faya uyumlu hale getirecek; deprem, sel ve iklim kriziyle daha da y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hal alacak di\u011fer afetlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li hale getirecek sistematik de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u015fart. Kaybedecek vaktimiz de, can\u0131m\u0131z da kalmad\u0131!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        “Asr\u0131n Felaketi”: Sorunlu Sistemin Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz Sonucu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":7827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"\"Asr\u0131n Felaketi\": Sorunlu Sistemin Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz Sonucu","p4_og_description":"6 \u015eubat\u2019ta merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Pazarc\u0131k ve Elbistan il\u00e7eleri olan ve 10 ili etkileyen 7,7 ve 7,6 \u015fiddetinde iki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin ard\u0131ndan 9 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti. B\u00f6lgede arama kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 halen devam ederken afetzedelerin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 enkaz alt\u0131nda kalan yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131 ya da kurtar\u0131lanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. Depremin \u00fczerinden hen\u00fcz birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fken m\u00fcdahale ve koordinasyonda ya\u015fanan eksiklikleri \u00f6rtercesine h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, medya temsilcileri hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u201casr\u0131n felaketi\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[29],"class_list":["post-7823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","p4-page-type-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7823"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7838,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823\/revisions\/7838"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7823"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=7823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}