{"id":3106,"date":"2023-11-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www-prod.greenpeace.org\/usa\/campaign-updates\/3106\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/"},"modified":"2024-11-22T06:16:01","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T06:16:01","slug":"chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"ChatCO2 &#8211; Safeguards Needed For AI\u2019s Climate Risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class='p4descriptive_paragraph'>President Biden&#8217;s recent Executive Order on AI responds to the promise and peril surrounding generative AI by creating safeguards to ensure privacy, justice, and security which must also address the climate risks of AI and help limit the growth of emissions and climate disinformation from AI technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class='wp-block-image size-large p4featured_image'><img src='https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/planet4-usa-stateless\/2024\/11\/97c5b905-gp0stt8i2_low_res_with_credit_line.jpg' alt='AWS Northern Virginia Data Center' \/><figcaption class='wp-element-caption'>An Amazon World Services Data Center in Ashburn, Virginia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tech companies are racing to develop artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that could radically change how we work and communicate. The release of powerful generative AI products like Open AI\u2019s ChatGPT has sparked excitement about the many potential useful applications but has also triggered alarms about the threat to privacy, security, and democracy, and highlighted the lack of oversight. Six months after <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/05\/04\/technology\/us-ai-research-regulation.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">telling <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">top executives \u201cwhat you\u2019re doing has enormous potential and enormous danger,\u201d President Joe Biden began laying the groundwork for putting safeguards around AI by issuing an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2023\/10\/30\/fact-sheet-president-biden-issues-executive-order-on-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Executive Order<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/eo-on-ai-tasks-agencies-deadlines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">requires federal agencies create standards and guidance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure privacy and security, and companies to report information about risks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policies to address the risks and ethical challenges raised by generative AI, even arising from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/03\/29\/technology\/ai-artificial-intelligence-musk-risks.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the industry itself<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, must also address the environmental and climate risks. Currently <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/buildings\/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks#overview\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data centers represent 1-1.5% of global electricity use<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but that could grow significantly with rising demand for computational power driven by the boom in AI and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/campaigns\/clean-up-bitcoin\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">digital mining for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Biden\u2019s Executive Order should be the first step in a process that holds tech companies accountable and protects the public and environment by requiring stronger disclosure standards and other measures that limit energy use, associated carbon emissions, and other environmental impacts from AI, including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/the-byte\/chatgpt-ai-water-consumption\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">large water use<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the consumption of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2018\/9\/9\/17832124\/ai-artificial-intelligence-supply-chain-anatomy-of-ai-kate-crawford-interview\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">metals and minerals<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like lithium.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in 2017, referring to its revolutionary potential to transform virtually all aspects of our economy and lives, c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">omputer scientist Andrew Ng <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gsb.stanford.edu\/insights\/andrew-ng-why-ai-new-electricity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">described<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> AI as \u201cthe new electricity.\u201d\u00a0 Although he wasn\u2019t referring to energy use from rapid adoption of AI, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">researchers are now finding that AI can be very energy and carbon intensive. Generative AI tools that use large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT or Microsoft\u2019s AI-enhanced Bing, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/P19-1355\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">require lots of computing power and thus, electricity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. According to industry insiders, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/ai-data-centers-energy-cloud-microsoft-chatpgt-amazon-google-2023-7#:~:text=An%20AI%20data%20center%20will,need%20100%20kilowatts%2C%20he%20estimated.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data center running AI tasks could consume three to five times more energy than traditional data centers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While researchers and industry analysts have identified the potential energy bomb from AI, there are still many questions and unknowns. Better data and greater transparency from secretive companies is needed to accurately measure AI\u2019s electricity use and evaluate the climate and environmental risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The energy consumption from generative AI occurs during two phases &#8211; \u201ctraining\u201d or creating an AI model and then \u201cinference\u201d or the use of an AI model. Training a LLM requires feeding it huge datasets to process, which can take several weeks to several months and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/02\/23\/nvidias-a100-is-the-10000-chip-powering-the-race-for-ai-.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">requires<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tens of thousands of advanced micro-chips called graphics processing units (GPUs) that use large amounts of electricity. Researchers <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2104\/2104.10350.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">found<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that training just one model, GPT-3, took 1,287 gigawatt hours which is as much electricity as 120 U.S. homes use in a year, and generated 552 tons of carbon which is equivalent to emissions from 110 gas-powered cars on U.S. roads in a year. Another team <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/the-byte\/chatgpt-ai-water-consumption\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estimated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that training GPT-3 consumed about 185,000 gallons of water\u00a0 \u2014 equivalent to what about<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/watersense\/statistics-and-facts\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2,200 average Americans consume<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in their homes over a year. That is just one AI model, but many other companies and researchers are developing their own AI systems that are even more complex, relying on more computing power.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, training is only the first step. Using generative AI models also requires electricity, potentially much more than what is used in the training phase. Google analysts<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2204\/2204.05149.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> estimate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that training was only about 40% of the energy used by their generative AI while the other 60% came from running queries, although this will change depending on the popularity of the AI model and its complexity. The energy to run the millions and billions of queries that popular programs like Chat GPT receive adds up quickly. An <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/joule\/pdf\/S2542-4351(23)00365-3.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">academic paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> estimated that OpenAI uses 564 MWh per day to support the use of Chat GPT-3 which would take only three days to surpass the estimated <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2104\/2104.10350.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1,287 MWh used in training GPT-3<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_93012\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-93012\" class=\"wp-image-93012 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-usa-stateless\/2024\/11\/6c11eb64-gp0stt8i2_low_res_with_credit_line.jpg\" alt=\"Black Gated Amazon Data Center \" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-93012\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Amazon World Services Data Center in Ashburn, Virginia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Running search engines with generative AI could increase the electricity needed to power people\u2019s regular Internet use. According to an industry analyst, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/the-generative-ai-search-race-has-a-dirty-secret\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">single generative AI query could use 4 to 5 times more energy <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">than a regular search engine query. Others found that average <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2542435123003653\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">energy consumption per search could be 6.9\u20138.9 Wh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, compared to 0.3 Wh for a standard Google search. Research and consulting firm SemiAnalysis estimates that integrating generative AI into search engines like Google, which runs up to nine billion searches per day, could lead to a daily electricity consumption of 80 GWh and an annual consumption of 29.2 TWh, equivalent to what about 2.7 million <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/tools\/faqs\/faq.php?id=97&amp;t=3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">average U.S. households<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> use in a year. A worst-case scenario in which Google\u2019s search engine ran entirely on AI could <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consume as much electricity as Ireland<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers have attempted to estimate the current and future energy, carbon, and water footprint of AI. A scenario in an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/joule\/fulltext\/S2542-4351(23)00365-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">academic paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> finds AI servers could use between 85 and 134 terawatt hours annually by 2027 which is comparable to what Argentina or Sweden uses annually, and about 0.5 percent of current global electricity consumption. In many locations, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1906.02243\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">much of this electricity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> creates carbon emissions since it&#8217;s powered by dirty fossil fuels. A team of academics predict that global AI water demand could reach <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2304.03271.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.2\u20136.6 billion cubic meters of water by 2027<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is half of the United Kingdom.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/joule\/fulltext\/S2542-4351(23)00365-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many factors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will influence how much energy and water is used by AI and the rate at which it grows. The electricity required depends on the design of the model, the type of processors used, and the data center facility. The carbon emissions also depend on the fuel sources powering data centers and where they are located. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.10350\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from\u00a0 Google and University of California-Berkeley found that using more efficient model architecture, equipment, and greener data centers could reduce the carbon footprint of an AI model by 100 to 1,000 times. When and where AI models are trained also impacts the water intensity and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2304.03271.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">smart decisions can reduce water use<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One immediate conclusion from these and other studies is that, in order for AI systems to be designed and developed in ways that minimize environmental impacts, more transparency and reporting of energy consumption and emissions will be needed. Currently, such estimates are hampered by a lack of quality data and opaque company operations. AI <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hub.jhu.edu\/2023\/03\/07\/artificial-intelligence-combat-climate-change\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has potential<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help address the climate crisis with applications in areas like smart grids and renewable energy technologies, but it could also drive up emissions if there is no oversight and regulatory guidance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">President Biden has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2022\/07\/20\/remarks-by-president-biden-on-actions-to-tackle-the-climate-crisis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">described<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> climate change as \u201cliterally an existential threat to our nation and to the world,\u201d a full-spectrum threat to the nation\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2021\/10\/21\/fact-sheet-prioritizing-climate-in-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">national security<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nca2014.globalchange.gov\/highlights\/report-findings\/infrastructure\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">infrastructure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/omb\/briefing-room\/2023\/03\/14\/the-importance-of-measuring-the-fiscal-and-economic-costs-of-climate-change\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">economy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climateimpacts\/climate-change-and-human-health#:~:text=The%20health%20effects%20of%20climate,and%20overall%20poor%20mental%20health.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public health<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climateimpacts\/climate-change-and-health-workers#:~:text=More%20humidity%20and%20moisture%20can,indoor%20workers%20in%20damp%20environments.&amp;text=Certain%20workers%20may%20be%20part,can%20increase%20their%20health%20risks.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> workplace safety<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It\u2019s time to square the circle: As the administration starts developing and implementing strategies to prevent other serious potential AI-related threats including fraud, racial discrimination, the invasion of privacy and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/washingtonmonthly.com\/2023\/06\/06\/ai-can-make-you-believe-russian-propaganda\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deep fakes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/campaignlegal.org\/events\/artificial-intelligence-and-potential-threats-us-elections\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">threats to the integrity of our elections<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it must also develop strategies to prevent AI from creating a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.12807\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perfect storm of climate misinformation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These should include setting rigorous disclosure standards for energy consumption and associated emissions (as some <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2104\/2104.10350.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI developers have suggested<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) along with setting energy efficiency and renewable generation procurement standards, and exploring <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechange.ai\/press_releases\/2021-11-08\/release\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">additional ways<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> we can prevent the rapid deployment of AI from driving up emissions and hurtling us towards a perpetual climate catastrophe that no language learning model could ever find the right words to describe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tech companies are racing to develop artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that could radically change how we work and communicate. The release of powerful generative AI products like Open AI\u2019s ChatGPT&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":8165,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[35,49,276],"p4-page-type":[31],"class_list":["post-3106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-campaign","tag-ai","tag-big-tech","tag-climate-policy","p4-page-type-campaign-updates"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.9 (Yoast SEO v23.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ChatCO2 - Safeguards Needed For AI\u2019s Climate Risks - Greenpeace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ChatCO2 - Safeguards Needed For AI\u2019s Climate Risks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tech companies are racing to develop artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that could radically change how we work and communicate. The release of powerful generative AI products like Open AI\u2019s ChatGPT&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Greenpeace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/greenpeaceusa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-30T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T06:16:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-usa-stateless\/2024\/11\/97c5b905-gp0stt8i2_low_res_with_credit_line.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"538\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@greenpeaceusa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@greenpeaceusa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jeffrey Harris\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/chatco2-safeguards-needed-for-ais-climate-risks\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jeffrey Harris\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/#\/schema\/person\/9443b3def5b061f0e55ded971fe1c747\"},\"headline\":\"ChatCO2 &#8211; 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