One of my earliest memories as a young child in the Philippines is collecting glass bottles of Coca-Cola from our house during big holiday reunions or family celebrations. Together with my younger sister, we would carry three to five one-liter glass bottles in our small arms and return them to the sari-sari store – our community convenience store – in exchange for a small deposit refund.

I also remember being asked to run errands for my family, and it was my task to get whatever was missing from my grandmother’s recipe for what she was planning to cook that day. I would check our empty canisters from the cabinet and have them refilled in a store nearby. Refilling those bottles was my responsibility, and reusing them brought me pride as a young child. 

These are the thoughts that fill my mind whenever I work on global plastic brand audits, picking up plastic sachets, wrappers, and bottles from the dark, polluted beaches and waterways in Manila. I remember, not just for the nostalgia of my youth, but for the memories of witnessing a system that does not rely on throwaway mechanisms. It is a system that works for our community and where a child like me had a place and a role. 

Brand Audit and Waste Audit at Freedom Island. © Jilson Tiu / Greenpeace
Greenpeace and members of the #breakfreefromplastic movement continue its beach cleanup and brand audit in Freedom Island, Parañaque City. The activity aims to name the companies most responsible for the plastic pollution in our beaches. © Jilson Tiu / Greenpeace

Its replacement? Cheap, throwaway plastic packaging that pollutes our air, water, land, climate and harms our health from the moment it is created. Recently it has even been detected in our blood. Plastic is oil. Oil is fossil fuel. Further extraction of fossil fuels means increasing the chances and severity of disasters in an already drastically changing climate. 

Freedom Island Waste Clean-up and Brand Audit in the Philippines. © Daniel Müller / Greenpeace
Collection of Coca-Cola bottles and caps found on Freedom Island, Philippines, during a cleanup activity. © Daniel Müller / Greenpeace

Big brands working hand in hand with the fossil fuel industry are flooding us with plastic

Plastic pollution and the effects of its contribution to the climate crisis have become common in many countries, including Aotearoa. And this is not because people are irresponsible, as big corporations gaslit us into believing, but because those big corporations have been producing so much single-use plastic we cannot cope. If big brands like Coca-Cola, have their way, plastic production could triple by 2050. That is deeply alarming, especially as we grapple to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees

Since the start of the Fukushima disaster I  have been following the worrying developments from a safe distance in  Amsterdam, but suddenly, I am on rocking ship getting closer to the  disaster area every day. I joined the Rainbow Warrior a week ago in  Keelung, Taiwan. Normally I work for Greenpeace Netherlands as a nuclear  campaigner, but my radiation expertise was needed on board to guarantee  the safety of the crew.<div class="post-content">
			
				<div>
	<p><a class="BlogEnlargeImage" href="/aotearoa/community_images//77/34977/22148_42186.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 6px;" src="/aotearoa/community_images//77/34977/22148_42187.jpg" alt=""></a>Since the start of the <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/campaigns/nuclear/safety/accidents/Fukushima-nuclear-disaster/">Fukushima disaster </a>I  have been following the worrying developments from a safe distance in  Amsterdam, but suddenly, I am on rocking ship getting closer to the  disaster area every day. I joined the Rainbow Warrior a week ago in  Keelung, Taiwan. Normally I work for Greenpeace Netherlands as a nuclear  campaigner, but my radiation expertise was needed on board to guarantee  the safety of the crew.</p>
<p>Now we are getting closer to Fukushima, the <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/press/releases/Greenpeace-marine-radiation-monitoring-blocked-by-Japanese-government/">Japanese government has begun obstructing our efforts</a> to do independent research. The sparse data published by the government  and TEPCO is not enough to understand the real risks of the continuous  leakage of radioactive water in the sea. The Japanese people are great  need of independent information on the radioactive contamination of  their seafood supply. Therefore, we are planning to do research on the  radioactive contamination of seaweed, fish and shellfish.</p>
<p>Despite this great need for information, the Japanese government  today refused a permit to do research within the territorial waters of  Japan. We are allowed to conduct research outside this 12 mile zone, but  this is not the area where the Japanese catch their fish and collect  their seaweed.</p>
<table style="width: 150px;" border="0" align="right">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>TAKE ACTION:</strong> <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/campaigns/nuclear/safety/accidents/Fukushima-nuclear-disaster/Tweet-for-research/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tweet the Rainbow Warrior into Japan</a>!</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This is a critical situation, so we are not giving up. We will  continue heading for Fukushima to begin our research at a distance while  we pursue further permission to carry out the sampling within the 12  mile limit. The Japanese government should welcome such independent  monitoring, the fact is they can never have enough information about the  extent of the contamination, and the public are entitled to the benefit  from the scrutiny and pressure that independent monitoring brings.</p>
<p>Approaching Fukushima is not without risks. The reactors are still  not fully under control, and there is a continuous risk of further  escalation. Another explosion could happen, releasing huge amounts of  radiation, or an aftershock could lead to the collapse of the reactor  building. Therefore we have decided to implement various safety measures  on the Warrior. We spent most of last week at sea making her ‘radiation  proof’ by installing radiation detection equipment on the bridge,  ordering special air filters, and building a designated decontamination  area.</p>
<p><a class="BlogEnlargeImage" href="/aotearoa/community_images//77/34977/22149_42184.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 6px;" src="/aotearoa/community_images//77/34977/22149_42188.jpg" alt="" width="182" height="272"></a>We devoted much time to briefing the brave crew. It is important that  they have some basic understanding of radiation, and can assess the  risks before working in a potentially radioactive contamination  environment. We practiced decontamination procedures, and gave  instructions on special clothing requirements: white Tyvek suits taped  to rubber boots and gloves.  I’m personally very happy that the crew  puts their trust in me and Jacob, the other radiation safety advisor, to  be responsible for their safety.</p>
<p>After the first days of inevitable seasickness, I’m now pretty  sea-proof and ready to challenge the radiation risks, and any  obstruction of our scientific mission by the Japanese government.</p>
<p>Exactly 25 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the Rainbow   Warrior is on her way to another disaster that will keep reminding   people of the dangers of nuclear power for at least the next 25 years.</p>
<p>Ike Teuling- Nuclear Campaigner and radiation expert for our field radiation team onboard the rainbow Warrior</p>
<h3>Additional resources</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/call-for-further-evacuation-around-fukushima/blog/34178">Map of measurements made by the field radiation teams</a><br> <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/campaigns/nuclear/safety/accidents/Fukushima-nuclear-disaster/QA-on-Nuclear-Power-and-Climate-Change/"> Our Q and A on the Fukushima nuclear crisis</a> <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/campaigns/nuclear/safety/accidents/Fukushima-nuclear-disaster"><br> Main Fukushima nuclear crisis page</a></p>
<div><em><span>Images - Greenpeace Ship Rainbow Warrior Conducts Radiation Monitoring of Sea Life in Japan</span><a> © Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert / Greenpeace</a></em></div>
<div><em><br></em></div>
</div> 
				
			</div>
Greenpeace together with the #breakfreefromplastic coalition conduct a beach cleanup activity and brand audit on Freedom Island, Parañaque City, Metro Manila, Philippines. © Daniel Müller / Greenpeace

But thanks to millions of people all over the world who are demanding real solutions, things are changing. The recently agreed resolution to negotiate a global plastics treaty is a big step that will keep the pressure on big oil and big brands to reduce their plastic footprint and switch their business models to refill and reuse. Even Coca-Cola, which has been named as the top plastic polluter in global brand audits every single year since 2018, just recently announced that at least 25% of their packaging (in some places) will be reusable or refillable by 2030. This doesn’t extend to Aotearoa, so we will keep building the pressure on Coke New Zealand.

Big brands must end their addiction to single-use plastic packaging

But this is not enough, and big brands need to do more and increase their investment in reusable and refillable systems. This is the way of the future. If they are true leaders of the industry, they will not hold on to false solutions that do not even make a dent in the monstrous problem they have created and move away from single-use plastic.

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>When the Amazon rainforest is in danger, we all are.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The world’s largest intact forest, the Amazon plays a key role in regulating the global climate. It is home to Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities whose land stewardship practices can lead us all toward a more sustainable future. It is perhaps the world’s most biodiverse region yet also a place where there are likely still many species unknown to science.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The Amazon is, simply put, amazing. And, yet, it is being destroyed.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Tree by tree, kilometre by kilometre, the Amazon is being weakened by deforestation carried out by those who put short-term profits over people, over the planet, and even over our collective future. From January through July 2022, the highest rate of deforestation ever for the first months of the year was recorded, according to data from INPE, with an area of forest five times the size of New York City deforested in the Amazon during that span.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Life as we know it can not exist without strong standing forests.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Understanding the problems facing the Amazon — notably deforestation and fires fueled by the anti-environment policies of Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro’s government — can empower us to see the solutions.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Let’s start with the basic facts about the Amazon rainforest, deforestation, and the fires in the region. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:image {"id":55364} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2022/08/b9d170b7-gp1su5ae_-1024x684.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-55364"/><figcaption>Forest remainders burning in September 2020 in an area registered by the Prodes (Brazilian Amazon Satellite Monitoring Project), in Juara, Mato Grosso state. © Christian Braga / Greenpeace</figcaption></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Where is the Amazon rainforest? </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The world’s largest intact forest, the Amazon rainforest covers 2.6 million square miles across nine countries in South America: Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. Approximately 60 percent of the Amazon Basin is in Brazil, where <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/30-anos-de-greenpeace-brasil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Greenpeace Brazil has been working for 30 years</a> to protect it.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>What causes fires in the Amazon rainforest?</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Around the world, we have watched in horror over the <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/amazon-rainforest-fires-hit-new-record-for-the-month-of-june/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">last few</a> <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/44159/fires-brazil-bolsonaro-amazon-deforestation-2020/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">years</a> as <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/press-release/greenpeace-captures-images-of-fires-in-the-amazon/">images of smoke and fire</a> have emerged from the <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/bolsonaro-catastrophe-environment-amazon-forest/">under-threat forest in Brazil</a>, but it is important to remember that fires in the Amazon are generally NOT a naturally occurring phenomenon. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Healthy, moist rainforests normally do not burn without intervention from humans. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The fires in the Amazon are often started intentionally by people — many of whom are illegal land grabbers emboldened by the <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/bolsonaro-catastrophe-environment-amazon-forest/">anti-environment policies of Bolsonaro’s government</a> — who are attempting to clear forested land for other uses. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>This process of destroying trees to clear forested land is known as deforestation. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>As it is often done intentionally, the burning in the Amazon is different from the wildfires experienced in places like <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/what-should-we-know-about-wildfires-in-california/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">California</a> or <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/mediterranean-has-become-wildfire-hotspot-eu-scientists-say-2021-08-04/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the Mediterranean</a> that can be naturally occurring or ignited by accident. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Wait, fires are started intentionally as part of deforestation? </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Yes. In the Amazon, fire is used in the deforestation process to clear the land of vegetation, often after large trees have previously been cut down and left to dry out. The burning season generally starts peaking in July each year to coincide with the natural dry season, which extends through November. However, with intentionally diminished enforcement of environmental laws under Bolsonaro as well as increasingly dry conditions due to the climate crisis, there are fires in the Amazon all year round now. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>While <a href="https://theconversation.com/amazon-fires-indigenous-people-show-fire-can-be-used-sustainably-122493" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities have understood responsible uses of fire</a> in land stewardship for generations, the fires generating global headlines in the Amazon are often ignited by those people who do not care about the long-term health of the ecosystem or the communities who live there. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>These people putting short-term profits over the forest — as well as the global climate — include land grabbers and speculators, illegal loggers and miners, and those looking to seize public forests for private uses such as creating cattle pasture. Such enemies of the environment have been able to operate recklessly and with diminished fear of law enforcement since Bolsanaro became president of Brazil at the start of 2019. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In August 2019, there was a massive coordinated wave of simultaneous fires started in the Amazon in the state of Pará as part of the infamous “<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-environment-wildfire-investiga/day-of-fire-blazes-ignite-suspicion-in-amazon-town-idUSKCN1VW1MK" target="_blank">Day</a> of Fire.” The cattle ranchers associated with these illegal burnings were inspired in part by Bolsonaro, who has made clear he supports a destructive economic development model. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Overall, the fires that month were the worst in the Amazon since 2010. In the ensuing years, deforestation and burning have continued even as scientists have warned that <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/amazon-rain-forest-nears-dangerous-tipping-point/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazon is hurtling toward a climate tipping point</a> of no return. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:image {"id":49061} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2021/08/7d9e4492-gp1svods-1024x684.jpg" alt="Fire Monitoring in the Amazon in July, 2021. © Christian Braga / Greenpeace" class="wp-image-49061"/><figcaption>Every year, Greenpeace Brazil flies over the Amazon to monitor deforestation build up and forest fires. © Christian Braga / Greenpeace</figcaption></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>OK, got all that? The Amazon is under threat from deforestation and the fires used for forest destruction by those putting profits over people and the planet. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Now we’re going to take <strong>a closer look at what is driving deforestation</strong> and how it has been increasing in recent years.  </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:image {"id":55375} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2022/08/821568f2-gp1su5a8_-1024x684.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-55375"/><figcaption>Hotspot next to a deforested area registered by Prodes, in Nova Maringá, Mato Grosso state. © Christian Braga / Greenpeace</figcaption></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>How much of the Amazon Rainforest has been deforested so far?</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In the last 40 years, the <a href="http://www.inpe.br/faq/index.php?pai=6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazon had already had approximately 17% of its total area deforested</a>, according to Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE). These numbers don’t count areas of forest undergoing degradation, a lesser but still significant degree of forest damage which also affects biodiversity. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>While deforestation is not a new threat to the Amazon, forest destruction has spiked under <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/indigenous-peoples-are-fighting-for-their-rights-in-brazils-capital-heres-why-a-win-for-them-is-a-win-for-all-of-us/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bolsonaro’s anti-environment</a> government. Deforestation threatens biodiversity, the lives of Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities and even the global climate. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>What is the point of deforestation? Why is it happening in the Amazon?</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Deforestation is the cutting down of natural forests and removal of trees from land in order to convert it for non-forest uses such as cattle ranching, growing animal feed, or illegal logging. This <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wirL7PlrYg4&list=PLgypAGt9KjpD1LknTINn72nebZqRWWp1L&index=5" target="_blank">destructive economic development model has long been practised in the Amazon</a>, but it has been reinforced by the Bolsonaro government. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>One-third of all deforestation in the Amazon is perpetrated by land grabbers seizing public lands in Brazil. This land is stolen from the Brazilian public, often to create more cattle pasture and animal feed for the global meat industry. A survey released by the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM) in October 2021 showed that cattle <a href="https://ipam.org.br/pastagem-ocupa-75-da-area-desmatada-em-terras-publicas-na-amazonia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pastures occupied 75% of the deforested area on public lands in the Amazon.</a> </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>All the while, this criminal activity is <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-great-amazon-land-grab-how-brazils-government-is-clearing-the-way-for-deforestation-173416">rewarded by climate-wrecking Brazilian politicians</a>, candidates as well as major banks and buyers of animal feed or beef around the world who continue to look the other way. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Agribusiness and meat consumption are the <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/amazon-fires-why-brazil-fire-burning-forests/">primary drivers of deforestation</a> in the Amazon and other biomes in Brazil such as the Pantanal and the Cerrado, but they are not the only ones as the construction of new highways, logging roads, dams, mines, also act as catalysts for deforestation.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Is deforestation pushing the Amazon toward a climate tipping point? </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aba2949" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Scientists have warned</a><strong> </strong>that further deforestation could push the Amazon rainforest beyond a tipping point where the moisture and carbon balance of much of the Amazon biome would become broken. Beyond this tipping point, the Amazon could effectively fail as a rainforest and begin to become a much dryer ecosystem, similar to a savannah. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>According to some studies, this tipping point would be reached when <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aat2340" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">20% to 25%</a> of the forested area is lost to deforestation. Given that approximately 17% of the rainforest has been lost already, we are perilously close to this catastrophic tipping point.  </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>If such a fate befalls the Amazon, there would be disastrous consequences for the climate, people, and biodiversity. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Is deforestation in the Amazon increasing anyway?</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Yes. In 2021, the Amazon registered its <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/50896/amazon-deforestation-rate-highest-since-2006/#:~:text=S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20%E2%80%93%20%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8BThe,August%202020%20and%20July%202021." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">highest annual rate of deforestation since 2006</a>. That was the year when Brazil started a historic program — Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) —that resulted in a drastic decrease in deforestation. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Unfortunately, all the work that went into curbing deforestation is being undone as the world watches. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>From August 2020 through July 2021, INPE’s Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project (PRODES) recorded deforested areas in the Amazon totalling 13,235 km². This was an increase of 21.97% in the rate of forest destruction compared to the same time period in the previous year when 10,851 km² were deforested. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>How is the Bolsonaro government emboldening deforestation? </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The numbers don’t lie, even if the Bolsonaro government tries to greenwash over them: The area deforested each year in the Amazon increased by 52.9% in the first three years of the Bolsonaro administration (average of 11,405 km² between 2019 and 2021) compared to the previous three-year average (average of 7,458 km² between 2016 and 2018). </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>This destructive trend isn’t an accident, it’s a climate-wrecking philosophy that exploits the forest, denies the rights of Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities, and has dire impacts for the global climate. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>One of the ways in which the Bolsonaro government has made it easier for illegal land grabbers to break environmental law is by taking money away from agencies responsible for enforcement. In 2021, the Brazilian government budget for the environment was the lowest in 21 years, as <a href="https://www.oc.eco.br/orcamento-meio-ambiente-e-o-menor-em-21-anos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shown in a report by the Brazilian Climate Observatory</a>. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The clear increase in deforestation in the Amazon is a result of the current administration’s anti-environmental agenda, which has deliberately weakened forest inspection and protection systems. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:image {"id":55378} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2022/08/868c1950-gp1sufys_-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-55378"/><figcaption>Greenpeace Brazil activists revealed a four-meter high statue of Bolsonaro in an area in the Pantanal wetlands in August 2020 that has been devastated by fires. © Diego Baravelli / Greenpeace</figcaption></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>With the PRODES and DETER reports making it clear that deforestation is increasing and massive burning seasons are becoming an annual danger, it is easy to experience climate grief. But there are ways for us to work together, wherever we are, to stand up for the Amazon and to support the Guardians of the Forest in their generational struggle to protect their forest and their ways of life. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Let’s take a look at some of the tools and strategies that exist to protect the Amazon: </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>How can the Amazon be protected from deforestation? </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>With the Brazilian presidential election looming in October 2022, it’s clear that this is a crucial moment for the Amazon. The Bolsonaro government has revealed itself time and again as destructive, greedy, and short-sighted when it comes to the environment and the future of Brazil. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In order to combat deforestation and the rapid loss of <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/biodiversidade/amazonia-e-sua-biodiversidade-sofrem-com-a-falta-de-protecao-de-florestas-publicas-no-para/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">biodiversity</a> caused by forest destruction, the Brazilian government must reverse the dismantling of environmental law enforcement that has occurred in recent years.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In addition to actually enforcing existing environmental protections, the Brazilian government must use the effective tools it already has available for forest protection. <a href="https://www.funbio.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Role-of-Amazon-Protected-Areas_IN.pdf">Data</a> indicates that legally designated “Protected Areas” are an effective tool to prevent deforestation in Brazil. The government can create these legal conservation units by designating the public land it already holds. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>When public land in Brazil has no official designation, it is vulnerable to illegal land grabbers because it has neither a private owner nor an engaged government caretaker. For example, PRODES data revealed the <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/blog/com-bolsonaro-amazonia-tem-maior-desmatamento-desde-2006/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">loss of 1,300 km² of undesignated public forests</a> in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Acre and Rondônia (also known as the “AMACRO” region) between August 2020 and July 2021. That is equivalent to an area larger than the city of Rio de Janeiro.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Another key aspect of protecting the forest is recognizing Indigenous Lands as well as the rights of traditional communities and quilombola territories. Unfortunately, under Bolsonaro, the Brazilian national congress has been considering legislation like <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/indigenous-communities-in-danger-of-being-erased-from-the-map-in-brazil/">Marco Temporal</a> that benefit land grabbers and threaten to wipe Indigenous communities off the map. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Why are Indigenous Land rights so important to protecting forests?</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Not only is the demarcation of Indigenous Lands absolutely crucial from a human rights perspective, but the <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/blog/new-analysis-reveals-that-indigenous-peoples-and-local-communities-manage-300000-million-metric-tons-of-carbon-in-their-trees-and-soil-33-times-energy-emissions-from-2017/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">recognition of Indigenous Lands</a> remains one of the most <a href="https://www.wri.org/research/climate-benefits-tenure-costs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">effective and least costly</a> tools for effectively combating deforestation. For generations, Indigenous Peoples have lived sustainably in the forest, developing and deploying agricultural techniques that do not destroy the ecosystem. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>While deforestation has ramped up throughout the Amazon in recent years, Indigenous Peoples have continually proven to be responsible protectors of their lands. In the Brazilian Amazon, legally recognized Indigenous Lands and local communities suffer deforestation at 11x lower rates than the areas surrounding them, <a href="https://www.wri.org/data/infographic-securing-rights-combating-climate-change" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">according to World Resources Institute</a>. Indigenous Peoples continue to be guardians of the forest. Protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples and their lands means protecting everyone’s future. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Unfortunately, Bolsonaro’s anti-environment government has <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/bolsonaro-should-be-tried-crimes-against-humanity-indigenous-leaders-say-n1272193" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">continually sought to undermine the rights of Indigenous Peoples</a>, whether it with his <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/24/jair-bolsonaro-racist-comment-sparks-outrage-indigenous-groups" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">public comments</a> or through <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/brazil-set-to-vote-on-controversial-land-grabbing-bill/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">legislation that rewards land grabbers</a>. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:image {"id":53157} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2022/04/8bdf48cc-gp1sxa4u-1024x683.jpg" alt="Free Land Camp 2022 in Brazil. © Tuane Fernandes / Greenpeace" class="wp-image-53157"/><figcaption>The 18th Free Land Camp takes place in Brasília from April 4th to the 14th, 2022 with the them “Retaking Brazil: Demarcating the Territories and Indigenizing the Politics”. © Tuane Fernandes / Greenpeace</figcaption></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>We must fix the broken global food system! </h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Industrial agriculture is the biggest driver of deforestation in the world. In Brazil, cattle ranchers and land-grabbers set the Amazon on fire to illegally clear land and expand their destructive business. They do this because the global meat industry — and its paying customers — have historically been willing to sacrifice forests — and our futures — for profits. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Land in Brazil is being destroyed and <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/50164/meat-soy-deforestation-karipuna-amazon-brazil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the survival of Indigenous Peoples is being threatened</a> to make way for cattle raising as well as to grow soy destined to feed all of this livestock. Even though <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/victories/amazon-rainforest-deforestation-soy-moratorium-success/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">deforestation for soy production is banned in the Brazilian Amazon</a>, the biodiversity-rich Cerrado has become a gigantic soy farming field, displacing traditional communities that have lived in the region for generations.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Thanks to people everywhere, especially those directly impacted in Brazil, <a href="https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2022/07/04/analysis-do-the-meat-industrys-promises-on-deforestation-add-up/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the meat industry</a> and <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/nature-food/4079/a-new-eu-law-to-protect-the-worlds-forests/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">governments</a> around the world are finally being forced to face their complicity in this destruction. But neither awareness nor well-intentioned but non-binding pledges are enough to keep the Amazon from reaching a climate tipping point. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Companies need to end deforestation in their supply chains and stop buying products linked to the destruction of the forest. We need to see ambitious commitments — inside Brazil and beyond — to forest protection and to reinventing <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaign/countdown-to-destruction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the global food system</a> in a way that increases safety and equity in the Amazon as well as food security elsewhere without sacrificing forests like the Amazon.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:heading -->
<h2>Stand with Indigenous Peoples and local environmental organizations!</h2>
<!-- /wp:heading -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The battle to stop deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is one we must win. And there’s only one way to win it: Together.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Wherever you are, you can educate yourself and support Indigenous Peoples and environmental organisations advocating for forests. <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/" target="_blank">Greenpeace Brazil</a> has <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/30-anos-de-greenpeace-brasil/" target="_blank">three decades</a> of experience working to protect the Amazon and has the support of a global network of Greenpeace organisations, many <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/nature-food/46201/activists-block-giant-soy-ship-at-dutch-port/" target="_blank">also pressuring leaders and companies</a> in their local regions to stop encouraging deforestation through climate-wrecking business practices and trade deals. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>But there are many other groups and organizations working at the intersection of the Indigenous rights and climate movements who also need support, such as <a href="https://twitter.com/ApibOficial">Articulação dos Povos Indígenas do Brasil</a> (APIB), <a href="https://amazonwatch.org/">Amazon Watch</a>, <a href="https://www.socioambiental.org/en/search/node?keys=desmatamento">Instituto Socio Ambiental</a>, and <a href="https://cimi.org.br/">CIMI</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>However, you can do it in your own life, stand with the Indigenous People and traditional communities of the Amazon to preserve the standing forest. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:planet4-blocks/take-action-boxout {"take_action_page":6440,"stickyOnMobile":true} /-->
Plastic waste at Manila Bay beaches. © Daniel Müller / Greenpeace

Coca-Cola must double its commitment to 50% reuse and refill by 2030, and they must do it everywhere. PepsiCo and Nestlé must catch up and do more by committing to set 50% reusable packaging targets by 2030. These are simple numbers that will make a huge difference to our communities, planet and climate and just the start of what needs to happen.

As we move to an uncertain future, people will do what needs to be done – to continue to expose, question, and reject the gaslighting, greenwashing, and false solutions that are being waged by big brands. As stakeholders of big brands meet this spring to plot the future of their corporations, they need to seize the moment and make sure that they are on the right side of history – or risk being the brand of plastic pollution for generations to come.

Activists March at Nestle HQ in the Philippines. © Basilio H. Sepe / Greenpeace
Environmental activists display placards as they troop to Nestle’s Philippine headquarters in Makati City demanding accountability for its role in abetting the country’s plastic pollution crisis. Nestle was named one of the worst plastic polluters after cleanups and brand audits of plastic waste around the world in 2018. © Basilio H. Sepe / Greenpeace

Things are moving and positive developments are happening, but we will demand more actions and better commitments because we are living in a very critical time for our planet and our climate. We will keep on pushing back because we have a future to win.

Greenpeace Aotearoa is pushing hard for the New Zealand Government to support a strong global plastics treaty, and to ban single-use plastic bottles because they are one of the worst culprits in the plastic pollution crisis and not included in the Labour Government’s new plan to phase out some single-use plastics.

PETITION: Demand a Global Plastics Treaty

Call on the NZ Government to stand firm and support a strong global plastics treaty.

Take Action