As the world faces an accelerating ecological crisis, our collective future hangs in the balance. The 16th UN Biodiversity COP will take place in Cali, Colombia, from 21 October to 1 November 2024. But what exactly is COP16, and why should we care about this gathering of global leaders and civil society organisations?

Indigenous Territories in the Amazon are facing a devastating combination of extreme drought and forest fires, driven by the intensification of climate change and criminal activities from illegal mining and other exploitative actions. These events have severe impacts on the environment and local communities, especially in the Capoto-Jarina Indigenous Territory, located in the Upper Xingu region of Mato Grosso. In addition to the seriousness of the situation, there is a lack of effective public policies to mitigate and respond to these phenomena, leaving vulnerable populations even more exposed to the effects of the climate crisis.

Biodiversity in crisis: a global problem needs global solutions

From raging wildfires and record heat waves to collapsing ecosystems and vanishing species, the signs of an ecological crisis are all around us. We are living through a mass extinction, driven by decades of unchecked deforestation, industrial agriculture, overfishing, and the relentless extraction of our world’s natural resources.

This crisis isn’t just an environmental issue; it’s a human issue. Millions of people worldwide are already feeling the impacts—whether through food shortages, displacement, polluted water, or worsening public health. The destruction of our natural world and the depletion of biodiversity are threatening the very foundations of human life, from clean air and water to sustainable food sources and stable climates.

But while the problem is global, so too is the solution. This is where the UN Biodiversity COP comes in— holding the promise of a global agreement that seeks to preserve the diversity of life on Earth and ensure ecosystems can continue to provide the services we depend on.

Three days before the start of COP16, in front of the "Bulevar del Rio" where civil society will gather for the event, Greenpeace activists deployed a banner from 70 meters saying: “Action for nature now”, reminding to the world leaders that the time to act is NOW. In this event the international community has the opportunity to transform the commitments made at COP15 into concrete actions to protect 30 percent of the planet's terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030.

UN Biodiversity COP16: A critical opportunity to change course

The upcoming UN Biodiversity COP16 is a pivotal moment. It will gather thousands of attendees, including representatives from over 60 countries, businesses, and civil society. Key participants include government negotiators, environmental organisations like Greenpeace, and financial institutions involved in biodiversity initiatives.

At COP15, in 2022, governments agreed on the historical Global Biodiversity Framework halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. Now it’s time to change course and take decisive action to protect nature. This meeting could mark a turning point in the fight to save critical ecosystems, halt the destruction of biodiversity, and ensure that the web of life that supports us doesn’t collapse.

But this won’t happen if we stick to business as usual. Global leaders need to move beyond rhetoric and put meaningful policies and funding on the table. The current global economic system, driven by resource extraction and corporate profit, is failing both people and the planet. It’s enabling industries like Big Agriculture, industrial fishing, and fossil fuels to exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates, all while pushing the planet’s life support systems to the brink.

Political leaders must demonstrate their commitment to nature by implementing real solutions—backed by proper regulations, rights protections, and financial resources. Without this, the status quo will only accelerate the destruction of ecosystems, and with them, the stability of human society.

A coral reef in Raja Ampat, Papua, Indonesia. Greenpeace is in Indonesia to document one of the world’s most biodiverse – and threatened – environments and to call for urgent action to ensure that the country's oceans and forests are protected.

What does changing course look like when it comes to biodiversity?

To truly address the biodiversity crisis, governments need to stop subsidising the destruction of nature. This means ending financial support for extractive industries like large-scale industrial farming, deep-sea mining, and industrial fishing—particularly in areas designated for conservation.

Nature is capable of sustaining us, but only if we allow it to regenerate and thrive. Key to this is establishing and enforcing protected areas, both at land and sea. Governments must create well-managed marine protected areas (MPAs) that allow ocean life to recover and flourish and protect rainforests and other ecosystems vital in the fight against the climate and biodiversity crises.

A crucial part of protecting nature also means supporting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, who have proven to be some of the most effective stewards of biodiversity. Governments must ensure that these Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities  have direct access to the funding they need and enable them to steward their land with liberation, self-determination, and direct access to finance that has accumulated in rich countries — often through colonial and neocolonial plunder.

Read more: 5 demands to governments to protect biodiversity at UN biodiversity COP16

Greenpeace activists demonstrate with a giant domino game in Bonn in favour of better nature conservation to protect biodiversity. A few days before the start of the World Conference on Nature in Cali, Colombia, the environmental activists are protesting on the United Nations (UN) square in Bonn. In front of the UN building, they have set up five dominoes up to 4 metres high, each depicting an animal species.

Why the UN Biodiversity COP16 matters for all of us

The UN Biodiversity COP16 is more than just another meeting of global leaders—it’s an opportunity to make the radical, systemic changes that our planet desperately needs. The world’s attention must be fixed on Cali, Colombia, where governments will make decisions that could shape the future of life on Earth.

As public awareness of the biodiversity and climate crises grows, it’s up to us to hold our leaders accountable for delivering real action. The biodiversity and climate crises are directly connected, but they also share many solutions. In order to mitigate and adapt to a changing climate, we must demand that world leaders take meaningful steps to protect ecosystems, support the communities that depend on them, and enable nature to regenerate and thrive.

Together, we can help the Earth heal and ensure that future generations inherit a planet capable of sustaining all life. Let’s raise our voices and demand that our leaders listen—before it’s too late.